red-rumped cacique

{{Short description|Species of bird}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Red-rumped Cacique bird.png

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=Cacicus haemorrhous |volume=2016 |page=e.T22724034A94845903 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22724034A94845903.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}

| genus = Cacicus

| species = haemorrhous

| authority = (Linnaeus, 1766)

| synonyms = Oriolus haemorrhous {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}

| range_map = Cacicus haemorrhous map.svg

}}

The red-rumped cacique (Cacicus haemorrhous) is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is a species of the Amazon Basin and the Guyanas in northern South America, and is only coastal there in the Guyanas and the Amazon River outlet to the Atlantic; a separate large disjunct range exists in all of south-eastern and coastal Brazil, including Paraguay, and parts of north-eastern Argentina. It is also found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The red-rumped cacique's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical swamps, and heavily degraded former forest.

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the red-rumped cacique in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Cayenne in French Guiana. He used the French name Le cassique rouge and the Latin name Cassicus ruber.{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=2 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=98–100, Plate 8 fig 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36011298 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.{{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/678 }} When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the red-rumped cacique. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Oriolus haemorrhous and cited Brisson's work.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=161 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946357 }} The specific name haemorrhous combines the Ancient Greek words haima "blood" and orrhos "rump".{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/haemorrhous-haemorrhousa-haemorrhousus | access-date=1 May 2018 }} The red-rumped cacique is now the type species in the genus Cacicus that introduced by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799.{{ cite book | last=Lacépède | first=Bernard Germain de | author-link=Bernard Germain de Lacépède | year=1799 | title=Discours d'ouverture et de clôture du cours d'histoire naturelle | chapter=Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-division, ordres et genres des oiseux | language=French | publisher=Plassan | place=Paris | page=6 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA80 }} Page numbering starts at one for each of the three sections.{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1968 | title=Check-list of birds of the world | volume=14 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=144 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14481345 }}