second Gerbrandy cabinet
{{Short description|Dutch government-in-exile (1941–1945)}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_name = Second Gerbrandy cabinet
Third London cabinet
| cabinet_type =
| jurisdiction = the Netherlands
| flag = Flag of the Netherlands.svg
| flag_border = true
| incumbent =
| image = De ministerraad te Londen in de tweede helft van 1944. Staande vlnr. Van Lidth d, Bestanddeelnr 137-1319.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Meeting of the Second Gerbrandy cabinet in late 1944
| image2 =
| image_size2 =
| date_formed = {{Start date|1941|07|27|df=y}}
| date_dissolved = {{End date|1945|02|23|df=y}}
(Demissionary from {{Start date|1945|01|21|df=y}})
| government_head = Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
| government_head_history =
| deputy_government_head = Hendrik van Boeijen (De Facto)
| state_head = Queen Wilhelmina
| members_number = 17
| former_members_number = 6
| total_number = 19
| political_party = Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP)
Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP)
Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP)
Christian Historical Union (CHU)
Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB)
Liberal State Party (LSP)
| legislature_status = National unity government
War cabinet
| opposition_party =
| opposition_leader =
| election =
| last_election =
| legislature_term = 1937–1946
| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| previous = First Gerbrandy cabinet
| successor = Third Gerbrandy cabinet
}}
{{Politics of the Netherlands}}
The Second Gerbrandy cabinet, also called the Third London cabinet was the Dutch government-in-exile from 27 July 1941 until 23 February 1945. The cabinet was formed by the political parties Roman Catholic State Party (RKSP), Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Christian Historical Union (CHU), Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and the Liberal State Party (LSP) following the resignation of First Gerbrandy cabinet on 12 June 1941. The national unity government (War cabinet) was the third of four war cabinets of the government-in-exile in London during World War II.{{cite web|url=https://anderetijden.nl/aflevering/513/Gerbrandy-in-Londen|title=Gerbrandy in Londen|publisher=Andere Tijden|date=18 March 2003|accessdate=9 June 2018|language=nl}}
Formation
On 12 June 1941 the First Gerbrandy cabinet fell after a conflict between Queen Wilhelmina and Minister of Defence Adriaan Dijxhoorn, leading to the dismissal of the minister. Immediately also the other ministers resigned and the cabinet continued for five weeks as a demissionary cabinet until the ministries were redistributed and the Second Gerbrandy cabinet was installed on 27 July 1941.
Term
The cabinet became the main inspiration for many of the resistance fighters in the Netherlands through radio addresses by Queen Wilhelmina. Important actions of the cabinet include the recognition of the Soviet Union in July 1942, the declaration of war against Japan on 7 December 1942, the announcement that after the war the relations between the Netherlands and the Dutch Indies will change and the re-establishment in July 1943 of the representation at the Vatican. During the first and second cabinet of Gerbrandy plans are made for post-war prosecution of "wrongful" ({{langx|nl|foute}}) Dutch civilians (collaborators with the Germans).
On 27 January 1945 Minister of the Interior Jaap Burger (SDAP) was asked to resign by Prime Minister Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (ARP) after holding a radio speech, differentiating between "wrongful" Dutch civilians ({{langx|nl|foute Nederlanders}}) and Dutch civilians who made a mistake ({{langx|nl|Nederlanders die een fout hebben gemaakt}}). But because Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy did not discuss this with rest of the cabinet all Social Democratic Workers' Party ministers resigned in response. The demissionary cabinet continued until the installation of the Third Gerbrandy cabinet on 23 February 1945.
=Changes=
On 17 November 1941 Minister of Finance, Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Max Steenberghe (RKSP) and Minister of Colonial Affairs Charles Welter (RKSP) both resigned after disagreements with the cabinet policy. Minister of Water Management Willem Albarda (SDAP) took over as Minister of Finance and Minister of Social Affairs Jan van den Tempel (SDAP) took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries.
On 31 May 1944 Minister of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Piet Kerstens (RKSP) was dismissed over a disagreement about the post-war food distribution policy. Both the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Shipping and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries where subsequently reorganized. Minister of Finance Johannes van den Broek took over as Minister of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture adding the portfolio of Agriculture to the Commerce ministry. Government adviser Jim de Booy was appointed as Minister of Shipping and Fisheries combining the portfolios of Shipping and Fisheries.
File:Ondertekening van de monetaire overeenkomst (1943).jpg Paul-Henri Spaak, Minister of Foreign Affairs Eelco van Kleffens and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg Joseph Bech sign a monetary agreement that later became the foundation of the Benelux Union on 21 October 1943 in London.]]
Cabinet Members
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ CompositionSource: {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws2/kabinet_gerbrandy_i_en_ii_1940_1945 Parlement & Politiek] ! colspan=2 | Ministers ! colspan=2 | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) ! Begin ! End ! colspan=2 | Party |
| rowspan=2 | File:Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy 1941 (1).jpg
| rowspan=2 | Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy | | 3 September 1940{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 25 June 1945{{ref_label|Continued|Continued}} | rowspan=2 | ARP | rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Anti Revolutionary Party}};"| |
| Minister
| 21 May 1942{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 25 June 1945{{ref_label|Continued|Continued}} |
| rowspan=2 | File:Hendrik van Boeijen 1942 (1).jpg
| rowspan=2 | Hendrik van Boeijen | Minister | 3 September 1940 | 23 February 1945{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | rowspan=2 | CHU | rowspan=2 style="background:{{party color|Christian Historical Union}};"| |
| rowspan=3 | Minister
| rowspan=3 | Interior | 24 June 1937{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 31 May 1944 |
| File:Jaap Burger 1944 (1).jpg
| 31 May 1944 | 27 January 1945{{ref_label|Dismissed|Dis}} | SDAP | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"| |
| File:Hendrik van Boeijen 1942 (1).jpg
| 27 January 1945 | 23 February 1945{{ref_label|Ad Interim|Ad Interim}} | CHU | style="background:{{party color|Christian Historical Union}};"| |
| File:Eelco van Kleffens 1945.jpg
| Minister | 10 August 1939{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 1 March 1946{{ref_label|Continued|Continued}} | Independent | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| File:Max Steenberghe.jpg
| rowspan=3 | Minister | rowspan=3 | Finance | 27 July 1941 | 17 November 1941{{ref_label|Resigned|Res}} | RKSP | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:Onze afgevaardigden (1913) - Willem Albarda (cropped).jpg
| 17 November 1941 | 9 December 1942{{ref_label|Acting|Acting}} | SDAP | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"| |
| File:Johannes van den Broek 1944 (1).jpg
| 9 December 1942 | 23 February 1945 | Independent | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| File:Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy 1941 (1).jpg
| rowspan=3 | Minister | rowspan=3 | Justice | 10 August 1939{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 21 February 1942 | ARP | style="background:{{party color|Anti Revolutionary Party}};"| |
| File:Jan van Angeren 1942 (1).jpg
| 21 February 1942 | 12 July 1944{{ref_label|Resigned|Res}} | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:HeuvenGoedhart1944 (cropped).jpg
| Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart | 12 July 1944 | 23 February 1945 | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| File:Max Steenberghe.jpg
| rowspan=4 | Minister | rowspan=3 | Commerce, | 10 May 1940{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 17 November 1941{{ref_label|Resigned|Res}} | RKSP | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:Jan van den Tempel 1942 (1).jpg
| 17 November 1941 | 8 January 1942{{ref_label|Acting|Acting}} | SDAP | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"| |
| File:Kerstens, P.A. - SFA002004997.jpg
| 8 January 1942 | 31 May 1944{{ref_label|Dismissed|Dis}} | RKSP | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:Johannes van den Broek 1944 (1).jpg
| Commerce, | 31 May 1944 | 23 February 1945 | Independent | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| File:Hendrik van Boeijen 1942 (1).jpg
| rowspan=3 | Minister | rowspan=2 | War | 12 June 1941{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 15 September 1942 | CHU | style="background:{{party color|Christian Historical Union}};"| |
| File:Otto Cornelis Adriaan van Lidth de Jeude (1942).jpg
| 15 September 1942 | 23 February 1945 | LSP | style="background:{{party color|Liberal State Party}};"| |
| File:Johan Furstner (1941-45).jpg
| Navy | 27 July 1941 | 23 February 1945 | Independent | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| File:Jan van den Tempel 1942 (1).jpg
| Minister | 10 August 1939{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 23 February 1945 | SDAP | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"| |
| File:Gerrit Bolkestein (1944).jpg
| Minister | Education, Arts | 10 August 1939{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 25 June 1945{{ref_label|Continued|Continued}} | VDB | style="background:{{party color|Free-thinking Democratic League}};"| |
| File:Onze afgevaardigden (1913) - Willem Albarda (cropped).jpg
| Minister | 10 August 1939{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 23 February 1945 | SDAP | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"| |
| File:Max Steenberghe.jpg
| rowspan=4 | Minister | rowspan=3 | Agriculture and | 1 May 1941{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 17 November 1941{{ref_label|Resigned|Res}} | RKSP | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:Jan van den Tempel 1942 (1).jpg
| 17 November 1941 | 8 January 1942{{ref_label|Acting|Acting}} | SDAP | style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"| |
| File:Kerstens, P.A. - SFA002004997.jpg
| 8 January 1942 | 31 May 1944{{ref_label|Dismissed|Dis}} | RKSP | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:Jim de Booy (1945).jpg
| 31 May 1944 | 3 July 1946{{ref_label|Continued|Continued}} | Independent | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| File:Welter, Ch.J.I.M. - SFA007000358.jpg
| rowspan=3 | Minister | rowspan=3 | Colonial Affairs | 10 August 1939{{ref_label|Retained|Retained}} | 17 November 1941{{ref_label|Resigned|Res}} | RKSP | style="background:{{party color|Roman Catholic State Party}};"| |
| File:Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy 1941 (1).jpg
| 17 November 1941 | 21 May 1942{{ref_label|Acting|Acting}} | ARP | style="background:{{party color|Anti Revolutionary Party}};"| |
| File:H.J.J van Mook. Luitenant-gouverneur generaal van Nederlands-Indië (1947).jpg
| 21 May 1942 | 23 February 1945 | style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"| |
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ CompositionSource: {{in lang|nl}} [https://www.parlement.com/id/vh8lnhrp8ws2/kabinet_gerbrandy_i_en_ii_1940_1945 Parlement & Politiek] ! colspan=3 | Ministers ! colspan=3 | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) ! Term of office ! Party |
| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)}};"|
| File:Jaap Burger 1944 (1).jpg | Jaap Burger | Minister | Interior | • Provisional | 11 August 1943 – |
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| File:Edgar Michiels van Verduynen (1942).jpg | Jonkheer | Minister | • Foreign Policy | 1 January 1942 – |
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|
| File:Pangeran Adipati Ario Soejono.jpg | Pangeran Adipati | Minister | 9 June 1942 – |
:{{note_label|Resigned|Resigned}}
:{{note_label|Dismissed|Dismissed from office}}
:{{note_label|Retained|Retained from the previous cabinet}}
:{{note_label|Continued|Continued in the next cabinet}}
:{{note_label|Acting|Acting}}
:{{note_label|Ad Interim|Ad Interim}}
:{{note_label|Died|Died in Office}}
:{{note_label|Appointed1|Appointed as Minister of the Interior}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
| colspan=3 | Rang/Title/Position
! colspan=2 | Military Command ! Begin ! End |
|---|
| style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};" |
| File:Prins Bernhard beantwoordt vragen van oorlogscorrespondenten.jpg | Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld | 3 September 1944 | 13 September 1945 |
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category|Cabinet Gerbrandy II}}
{{Government of the Netherlands}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gerbrandy cabinet, Second}}
Category:Cabinets of the Netherlands
Category:1941 establishments in the Netherlands
Category:1945 disestablishments in the Netherlands
Category:Cabinets established in 1941