sellar region

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Sellar region is a small area in the central nervous system (CNS) that includes the sella turcica, cavernous sinus, suprasellar cistern, and pituitary gland.{{cite journal |last=Adri |first=D. |last2=Olivera |first2=F. |last3=Villegas |first3=J.M. |last4=Funes |first4=J. |last5=Pietrani |first5=M. |title=Sellar region: Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of uncommon tumors and pseudotumors |journal=Radiología (English Edition) |volume=61 |issue=6 |date=2019 |doi=10.1016/j.rxeng.2019.05.005 |pages=467–476}} The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica, a saddle-shaped indentation in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull.{{cite book |last=Lopes |first=M. Beatriz S. |last2=Raghavan |first2=Prashant |title=Neuropathologic and Neuroradiologic Correlations |chapter=Sellar and Suprasellar Region |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2017-07-01 |isbn=978-1-139-69640-1 |doi=10.1017/9781139696401.006 |page=82–113}} The most common tumours in the sellar region are anterior pituitary adenomas, followed by tumors from the posterior pituitary.{{cite book |last=Vogel |first=Hannes |title=Nervous System |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2009-04-27 |isbn=978-0-521-88161-6 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511581076.013 |page=}} Magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred imaging method for detecting sellar conditions.{{cite journal |last=Jipa |first=Andrei |last2=Jain |first2=Vikas |title=Imaging of the sellar and parasellar regions |journal=Clinical Imaging |volume=77 |date=2021 |doi=10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.022 |pages=254–275}} The sellar region is surrounded by important structures: the brainstem and basilar artery behind the optic nerves, optic chiasm, and circle of Willis above, and the carotid arteries and cavernous sinus on the sides.{{cite book |last=Chaddad-Neto |first=Feres |last2=Silva da Costa |first2=Marcos Devanir |title=Microneuroanatomy and Surgery |chapter=Surgical Anatomy of the Sellar Region |publisher=Springer International Publishing |publication-place=Cham |date=2022 |isbn=978-3-030-82746-5 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-82747-2_15 |page=255–276}} Surgery is often the primary treatment for sellar lesions, allowing for tumor removal and pathological analysis.{{cite book |last=Losa |first=Marco |last2=Albano |first2=Luigi |last3=Nocera |first3=Gianluca |last4=Garbin |first4=Enrico |last5=Barzaghi |first5=Lina Raffaella |last6=Mortini |first6=Pietro |title=Neurosurgical Treatment of Central Nervous System Tumors |chapter=Other Sellar and Parasellar Lesions |publisher=Springer Nature Switzerland |publication-place=Cham |date=2024 |isbn=978-3-031-68577-4 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-68578-1_14 |page=241–252}} A sellar mass can cause hormone imbalances, vision problems, or headaches. Sometimes, it is found by chance during a brain scan for another reason.{{cite book |last=Nippoldt |first=Todd B. |title=Endocrinology and Diabetes |chapter=Evaluation of Sellar Masses |publisher=Springer International Publishing |publication-place=Cham |date=2022 |isbn=978-3-030-90683-2 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-90684-9_4 |page=35–45}}