sharona

In the early 13th century, the geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi described Sârûniyyah as "a pass near Tabariyya, you go up it to reach At Tûr".Le Strange, 1890, p. [https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/532/mode/1up 532]

Incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, Sharona appeared under the name of Saruniyya in the 1596 tax registers as being in the nahiya (subdistrict) of Tabariyya under the Liwa of Safad. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 17 households. They paid taxes on wheat, barley, occasional revenues, goats and beehives; a total of 3592 Akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 187Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied from the Safad-district was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9

A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, though unnamed.Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 167].

In 1875, Victor Guérin visited Sarona and noted:

: "This village is divided into two quarters; the houses are rudely built on two hillocks rising round a valley. This is watered from a spring enclosed in a sort of small square chamber, the floor of which is formed of large slabs, and which has a vaulted vestibule built of regular stones."Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n280/mode/1up 267] as translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/361/mode/1up p. 361]

In 1881, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine noted "basaltic stone houses, containing about 250 Moslems, situated in arable plain, without trees."Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/361/mode/1up 361]

According to Avneri, Sarona was settled by Circassian refugees from the Caucasus in 1878, but by 1910 they had moved elsewhere and had been replaced by Arabs.Avneri, 1984, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC&pg=PA18 18], [https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC&pg=PA106 106] The land was purchased from the Arabs by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1910.

In 1913, a Jewish settlement called Rama, but also called Sarona, was established close to the Arab village by ahuza{{which lang|date=September 2021}} (estate) members from Chicago.Glass, 2002, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dgqj1Ox8StsC&pg=PA164 164]-166 The impact of World War I, poor conditions, and the lack of sufficient manpower kept the new settlement impoverished and debt-ridden.

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the new and old settlements together contained 92 inhabitants; 77 Muslims and 15 Jews.Barron, 1923, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n41/mode/1up 39] In the summer at the end of 1923, additional Jewish settlers, Brisk kevutzah from Kfar Yehezkel, arrived with help from the Jewish National Fund, but by the end of 1928 the settlement had been abandoned and the land returned to the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association, the heir to the Jewish Colonization Association. Half the land was leased to Arab tenants.Palestine Post, 20 November 1938, p. 2

At the time of the 1931 census the population of Sarona was 114, all Muslims, in a total of 23 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 84] The nearby Arab village of Kafr Sabt, prior to the outbreak of hostilities in the 1948 Arab Israeli War, had a population of 900 Arabs.{{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of the Place Names which appear in the small-scale Maps of Palestine and Trans-Jordan|first1=R.F. |last1=Jardine|first2=B.A. |last2=McArthur Davies |publisher=Government of Palestine|place=Jerusalem|year=1948|page=47 |oclc=610327173}}

File:שרונה - מראה שרונה באופק התבור.-JNF045340.jpeg in distance]]

In 1938, a moshav was established by members of the Gordonia organization, with the cost borne by the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association and the Agricultural Workers Federation.

In the 1945 statistics, the population was recorded as 110 Jews and no Arabs.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tiberias/Page-073.jpg 73]

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |title=The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land-settlement and the Arabs, 1878–1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC |first=Arieh L. |last=Avneri |year=1984 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=0-87855-964-7}}
• {{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922|url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
• {{cite book

|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder

|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener

|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}} (pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/370/mode/1up 370], [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/379/mode/1up 379][https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/414/mode/1up 414])

• {{cite book|last=Glass|first=Joseph B.|title=From new Zion to old Zion : American Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine, 1917 – 1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgqj1Ox8StsC |year=2002|publisher= Wayne State University Press|isbn=0814328423}}
• {{cite book

|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin

|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}

• {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html

|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi

|year=1970

|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}

• {{cite book

| last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth

|last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah

| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}

• {{cite journal |author =Karmon, Y. |title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine|url=http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |journal =Israel Exploration Journal| volume = 10 |issue = 3,4 |year = 1960 |pages = 155–173; 244–253}}
• {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
• {{cite book

|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer

|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer

|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}

• {{cite book

|last=Rhode |first=H.|authorlink=Harold Rhode

|date=1979|url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845 |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=Columbia University}}

• {{cite book

|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft

|first=G.|last=Strange, le|author-link=Guy Le Strange

|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}

{{refend}}

{{Commons category}}

• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 6: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.06.jpg IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.06.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Lower Galilee Regional Council}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Moshavim

Category:Populated places in Northern District (Israel)

Category:Populated places established in 1938