spatial data infrastructure

Some of the main principles are that data and metadata should not be managed centrally, but by the data originator and/or owner, and that tools and services connect via computer networks to the various sources.Steiniger, S., and Hunter, A.J.S. (2012) [http://sourceforge.net/projects/jump-pilot/files/w_other_freegis_documents/articles/sstein_hunter_fosgis4sdi_v10_final.pdf/download preprint "Free and open source GIS software for building a spatial data infrastructure"]. In E. Bocher and M. Neteler (eds): Geospatial Free and Open Source Software in the 21st Century: Proceedings of the first Open-Source Geospatial Research Symposium, 2009, LNG&C, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 247-261. A GIS is often the platform for deploying an individual node within an SDI. To achieve these objectives, good coordination between all the actors is necessary and the definition of standards is very important.

The original example of an SDI is the United States National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI), first mandated in the OMB Circular A-16 in 1996. In Europe since 2007, INSPIRE is a European Commission initiative to build a European SDI beyond national boundaries; the United Nations Spatial Data Infrastructure (UNSDI) plans to do the same for over 30 UN Funds, Programs, Specialized Agencies and member countries.

An SDI should enable the discovery and delivery of spatial data from a data repository, via a spatial service provider, to a user. As mentioned earlier it is often wished that the data provider is able to update spatial data stored in a repository. Hence, the basic software components of an SDI are:

• Software client - to display, query, and analyse spatial data (this could be a browser or a desktop GIS)
• Catalogue service - for the discovery, browsing, and querying of metadata or spatial services, spatial datasets and other resources
• Spatial data service - allowing the delivery of the data via the Internet
• Processing services - such as datum and projection transformations, or the transformation of cadastral survey observations and owner requests into Cadastral documentation
• (Spatial) data repository - to store data, e.g., a spatial database
• GIS software (client or desktop) - to create and update spatial data

Besides these software components, a range of (international) technical standards are necessary that allow interaction between the different software components.Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Organisation - The SDI Cookbook. [http://www.gsdidocs.org/GSDIWiki/index.php/Main_Page link to cook book wiki] Among those are geospatial standards defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (e.g., OGC WMS, WFS, GML, etc.) and ISO (e.g., ISO 19115) for the delivery of maps, vector and raster data, but also data format and internet transfer standards by W3C consortium.

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List by country or administrative zone. It is not complete, is a sample of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) official websites.

• GeoSUR
• GEOSS
• GMES
• INSPIRE
• UNSDI
• GIS file formats
• GIS software
• International Cartographic Association (ICA)
• ArcGIS
• Geographic information system (GIS)

{{Reflist}}

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• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7B4deyn37g The INSPIRE Directive: a brief description (JRC Audiovisuals)]
• [http://www.gsdi.org/gsdi11/ GSDI 11 World Conference: The Geo-Spatial event of 2009, Rotterdam The Netherlands]
• [http://www.gsdi.org Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) Association]
• [http://www.gsdi.org/SDILinks.asp Links to SDI initiatives] from the GSDI Association website
• [http://www.unsdi.nl The Netherlands Coordination Office of UNSDI (UNSDI-NCO)]
• [http://www.geonetwork.nl The GeoNetwork portal of UNSDI-NCO (with over 17.800 metadata sets)]
• [http://www.geo-informatie.nl/ Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing]
• [http://snig.igeo.pt SNIG - Portuguese National System for Geographic Information]

; Journals

• [http://ijsdir.jrc.it/ International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructure Research]

; Books

• [http://www.gsdidocs.org/GSDIWiki/index.php/Main_Page The SDI Cookbook] from the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure Organisation ([http://www.gsdi.org GSDI])
• [http://gis.esri.com/esripress/display/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&websiteID=122&moduleID=0 Research and Theory in Advancing Spatial Data Infrastructure Concepts]
• [http://gis.esri.com/esripress/display/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&websiteID=89&moduleID=0 GIS Worlds: Creating Spatial Data Infrastructures]
• [http://gis.esri.com/esripress/display/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&websiteID=119&moduleID=0 Building European Spatial Data Infrastructures]

; Software

• [http://www.georchestra.org/ geOrchestra] is a free, modular and interoperable Spatial Data Infrastructure software that includes other software like GeoNetwork, GeoServer, GeoWebCache,...,
• GeoNetwork is a free and open source (FOSS) cataloging application for spatially referenced resources,
• [http://geonode.org/ GeoNode] is a web-based application and platform for developing geospatial information systems (GIS) and for deploying spatial data infrastructures (SDI),
• [http://www.geo-solutions.it/technologies/opensdi/ OpenSDI] includes Open Source components like GeoServer and GeoNetwork,
• [http://www.easysdi.org/ easySDI] is a complete web-based platform for deploying any geoportal.
• [https://github.com/Esri/geoportal-server Geoportal Server] is an open source solution for building SDI models where a central SDI node is populated with content from distributed nodes, as well as SDI models where each node participates equally in a federated mode.

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Category:Geographic data and information regulation

Category:Spatial analysis

Category:IT infrastructure