spotted tanager
{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Spotted tanager
| image = Tangara punctata-20090405.jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Ixothraupis punctata
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1766)
| synonyms = Tanagra punctata {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}}
| range_map = Tangara punctata map.svg
}}
The spotted tanager (Ixothraupis punctata) is a species of bird in the tanager family Thraupidae.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Taxonomy
In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the spotted tanager in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in the West Indies. He used the French name Le tangara verd piqueté des Indes and the Latin name Tangara viridis indica punctulata.{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=3 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=19–20, Plate 4 fig 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35953012 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the paragraph indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.{{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/6788}} When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the spotted tanager. Linnaeus included a terse description, coined the binomial name Tanagra punctata and cited Brisson's work.{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=316 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946512 }} The specific name punctata is Latin for "spotted".{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/key-to-scientific-names-in-ornithology?name=punctata | access-date=2 April 2018 }} The spotted tanager is now placed in the genus Ixothraupis.{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=17 October 2020 }}
Five subspecies are recognised:
- I. p. punctata (Linnaeus, 1766) – south Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil
- I. p. zamorae (Chapman, 1925) – central Ecuador and north Peru
- I. p. perenensis (Chapman, 1925) – central Peru
- I. p. annectens (Zimmer, JT, 1943) – southeast Peru
- I. p. punctulata (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1876) – west-central Bolivia
Gallery
Image:Tangara punctata-20090405B.jpg|Spotted tanager
Image:Spotted Tanager RWD4.jpg |Spotted tanager at San Diego Zoo
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q918311}}
Category:Birds of the Guiana Shield
Category:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Category:Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
{{Thraupidae-stub}}