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state police#Australia

{{distinguish|Police state}}

{{for|the 1938 American film|State Police (film)}}

{{Redirect|State Trooper|the Bruce Springsteen song|Nebraska (album)|the 1956-1959 syndicated television series starring Rod Cameron|State Trooper (TV series)|the 1933 film|State Trooper (film)}}

{{short description|Type of sub-national territorial police force}}

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File:Police officers of Queensland Police Service, on the beat, in Brisbane Australia.jpg officers patrolling in Brisbane]]

File:SEK-Schnellboot (Schlauchboot) (10585073613).jpg members of the State Police of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany during an exercise]]

State police, provincial police or regional police are a type of sub-national territorial police force found in nations organized as federations, typically in North America, South Asia, and Oceania. These forces typically have jurisdiction over the relevant sub-national jurisdiction, and may cooperate in law enforcement activities with municipal or national police where either exist.

Argentina

In Argentina, as a federal country, each province has its own independent police force and its responsible of its funding, training and equipment. State police agencies are responsible of all the territory of a determinate state. There is almost no municipal/local law enforcement in Argentina, and if there is, they are generally limited to traffic duties.

Australia

{{also|Law enforcement in Australia}}

Prior to the Federation of Australia, each colony within Australia had numerous police forces, but these were largely amalgamated well before federation.{{cn|date=July 2022}}

Today each state of Australia, as well as the Northern Territory, has its own state police force.{{cite web | title=Crime and law enforcement: A quick guide to key internet links | website= Parliament of Australia| first=Cat|last= Barker| date=12 September 2018 | url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1819/Quick_Guides/Crime | access-date=24 July 2022}}{{cite journal | title=Australia's police forces [Abstract]|journal=Police |volume= 10 |issue= 7 |date= March 1978 |pages= 24–26 |via=Office of Justice Programs (U.S.) | url=https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/australias-police-forces | access-date=24 July 2022}} Municipalities do not have police forces and it is left to the state forces to police all geographic areas within their respective states.{{cn|date=July 2022}} Australia does have a national police force, the Australian Federal Police, whose role is to enforce the laws of the Commonwealth, both criminal law and civil law, as well as to protect the interests of the Commonwealth, both domestically and internationally. The AFP does, however, provide policing for the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and Australia's other external territories such as Norfolk Island, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.{{cite web | title=Our organisation | website=Australian Federal Police | url=https://www.afp.gov.au/about-us/our-organisation | access-date=24 July 2022}}

The state and territory police forces are:

Brazil

{{See also|Law enforcement in Brazil#State nstitutions|label 1=Law enforcement in Brazil}}

Each federative unit in Brazil, beside its military firefighters corps and its penal and scientific polices, has two main police corporations working together with different skills:

:Civil Police — The nonuniformed judiciary police, mainly responsible for investigating criminal offenses occurring in their territories. They're mainly based on Delegates (necessarily bachelors of laws), Clerks, Investigators and/or Agents and also responds for its Scientific Polices (responsible for forensic science activities and services) in the Federal District and other 8 states.

:Military Police — The uniformed and militarily hierarchical police officers perform, under a gendarmerie system, police functions of patrolling, approaching and capturing, also serving as reserve branches of the Brazilian Armed Forces (more specifically its Brazilian Army). They make up the majority of the police force in Brazil,{{cite web|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/government/laws/titleV.html|title=Brazilian Laws - the Federal Constitution - Defense of State and Democratic Institutions|work=v-brazil.com}} but don't perform regular military police functions (as they're reservedly performed by Brazilian Army Police Offices on duty, such as the Army Police (Brazil)) because they're primarily subordinated to its governors. In São Paulo, the Military Police also operates its Military Firefighters Corps. In Rio Grande do Sul, in turn, such office is called Military Brigade (Brigada Militar) instead of Military Police partially due to the long period for which also responded for its Military Firefighters Corps (which separated from BMRS in 2013).

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Canada

File:Sûreté du Québec black and white Ford Police Interceptor Utility.jpg

Law enforcement in Canada operates at the federal, provincial, and local levels. Three provinces of Canada have a dedicated police force, with jurisdiction over some or all of the province:

The federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) provides provincial-level policing in the remaining land area of Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as the remaining seven provinces and three territories. The RCMP began being contracted to provide provincial policing in the late 1920s as provincial police forces were disbanded and their duties contracted out to provincial divisions of the RCMP. The most recent provincial police force to be disbanded, the British Columbia Provincial Police, existed from the mid-19th century until its jurisdiction was transferred to RCMP "E" Division on August 15, 1950.

Provinces which have disbanded their provincial police may retain other provincial law enforcement agencies, such as sheriff services or conservation officers. For example, the Alberta Sheriffs Branch is responsible for traffic enforcement in Alberta together with the RCMP, despite being a law enforcement agency and not a police force.

Germany

File:Hamburg Police BMW R 1250 RT at Hamburg Marathon 2019 01.jpg]]

The Landespolizei (or LaPo) is a term used in the Federal Republic of Germany to denote the law enforcement services that perform law enforcement duties in the states of Germany. The German federal constitution leaves the majority of law enforcement responsibilities to the 16 states of the country.

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There also are several auxiliary state police forces.

Italy

The Polizia di Stato (State Police), law enforcement in Italy.

India

{{main|Police forces of the states and union territories of India}}

File:Delhi Police Jaguar Team Central District.jpg]]

The Constitution of India delineates the roles and responsibilities of both the central and state governments, with matters related to police, public order, and law and order falling under the purview of the state governments. India has 28 state police agencies.

Each state has a state police force and its own distinct state police services, headed by the director general of police (DGP) or commissioner of police (in metropolitan areas), who is an Indian Police Service officer. The state police forces operate under the authority of the respective state governments and are empowered to enforce laws, prevent crime, investigate offenses, and maintain public order.

Most municipal or city police forces operate under their respective state police departments, with the exception of the Kolkata Police. State police agencies typically have jurisdiction across the entire state. However, in West Bengal, the jurisdiction of the state police excludes Kolkata, which is served by the Kolkata Police.{{Cite news |date=2021-11-18 |title=Stop fighting over jurisdiction: West Bengal CM to cops |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/stop-fighting-over-jurisdiction-cm-to-cops/articleshow/87766915.cms |access-date=2024-04-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}

The police forces of union territories in India are either directly or indirectly under the purview of the union government. Unlike state police forces, the Delhi Police operate under the direct control of the Union Ministry of Home Affairs, government of India due to Delhi's status as both the national capital territory and a union territory. While they function under the respective union territory administrations for day-to-day operations and governance, their ultimate authority and oversight lie with the central government.

The Indian Police Service (IPS) is not a law enforcement agency in its own right; rather it is the body to which all senior police officers of all states belong regardless of the agency for whom they work. The IPS officers provide senior level leadership to law enforcement agencies, both at the state and federal levels.

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|+List of Indian police forces

!SrNo

!State/union territory

!Police emblem

!Police force

1

|Andaman and Nicobar Islands (union territory)

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|Andaman Nicobar Islands Police

2

|Andhra Pradesh

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|Andhra Pradesh Police

3

|Arunachal Pradesh

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|Arunachal Pradesh Police

4

|Assam

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|Assam Police

5

|Bihar

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|Bihar Police

6

|Chandigarh (union territory)

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|Chandigarh Police

7

|Chhattisgarh

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|Chhattisgarh Police

8

|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu

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|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police

9

|Delhi

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|Delhi Police

10

|Goa

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|Goa Police

11

|Gujarat

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|Gujarat Police

12

|Haryana

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|Haryana Police

13

|Himachal Pradesh

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|Himachal Pradesh Police

14

|Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)

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|Jammu and Kashmir Police

15

|Jharkhand

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|Jharkhand Police

16

|Karnataka

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|Karnataka State Police

17

|Kerala

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|Kerala Police

18

|Ladakh (union territory)

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|Ladakh Police

19

|Lakshadweep (union territory)

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|Lakshadweep Police

20

|Madhya Pradesh

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|Madhya Pradesh Police

21

|Maharashtra

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|Maharashtra Police

22

|Manipur

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|Manipur Police

23

|Meghalaya

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|Meghalaya Police

24

|Mizoram

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|Mizoram Police

25

|Nagaland

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|Nagaland Police

26

|Odisha

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|Odisha Police

27

|Puducherry

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|Puducherry Police

28

|Punjab

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|Punjab Police

29

|Rajasthan

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|Rajasthan Police

30

|Sikkim

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|Sikkim Police

31

|Tamil Nadu

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|Tamil Nadu Police

32

|Telangana

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|Telangana State Police

33

|Tripura

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|Tripura Police

34

|Uttar Pradesh

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|Uttar Pradesh Police

35

|Uttarakhand

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|Uttarakhand Police

36

|West Bengal

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|West Bengal Police

Mexico

File:Dodge Charger 2014 SSP Yucatán.JPG of the Yucatán State Police]]

Each of the 32 states of Mexico maintains a separate law enforcement agency or Policía Estatal. Each of these state forces is tasked with the protection of their citizens, keeping local order and combating insecurity and drug trafficking. Certain states including Veracruz and Nuevo León have a new model of police force designated as civilian forces (Fuerza Civil).

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Spain

In Spain there are autonomous police forces in four of its nineteen autonomous communities.

Apart from this, some autonomous communities (Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Galicia and Valencian Community) have a special division part of the National Police Corps and autonomous government of each community.

United States

Image:North Carolina State Trooper on I-85.jpg in 2008]]

{{main|State police (United States)}}

{{See also|State police (United States)#List of State Police agencies|l1=List of state police agencies}}

In the United States, state police (also termed highway patrol, state patrol, or state highway patrol), or state troopers, are a police body unique to 49 of the U.S. states, having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. Hawaii, despite a widely dispersed archipelago and having four separate county-based police agencies, still has its own statewide policing agency.

In general, these police agencies perform functions outside the jurisdiction of the county sheriff, such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex, protecting the governor, training new officers for local police forces too small to operate an academy, providing technological and scientific services, supporting local police and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases in those states that grant full police powers statewide. A general trend has been to bring all of these agencies under a state department of public safety. Additionally, they may serve under different state departments such as the highway patrol under the state department of transportation and the marine patrol under the state department of natural resources.

Twenty-three U.S. states use the term state police, fifteen use the term highway patrol, seven use the term state patrol, and three use the term state highway patrol, while Alaska's agency is the "Division of Alaska State Troopers". The term highway patrol tends to be more common in the southeast and mountain west states. Hawaii is the only state with a Sheriff Division of the Hawaii Department of Law Enforcement with statewide jurisdiction.

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In addition, the Federal district and all territories of the United States have a police force with similar territory-wide authority:

District of Columbia:

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United States territories:

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See also

References

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External links

  • [http://www.policelink.com PoliceLink.com]
  • [http://www.statetroopersdirectory.com/ State Trooper Directory]
  • [http://www.golawenforcement.com/State%20Law%20Enforcement%20Agencies.htm State Law Enforcement Directory]

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Category:Law enforcement in the United States

Category:Law enforcement units