steelcase

Originally known as the Metal Office Furniture Company, Steelcase was founded by Peter Martin Wege in 1912.{{Cite web |title=Timeline {{!}} Steelcase Timeline |url=http://timeline.steelcase.com/timeline/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=timeline.steelcase.com |language=en}} Prior to starting the company, Wege had filed approximately 25 patents related to the sheet metal and fireproofing industries. The Metal Office Furniture Company's first products included fireproof metal safes and four-drawer metal filing cabinets.{{Cite book |last=Susan Lovell |title=Peter Martin Wege: A Biography |publisher=Generations Publishing |year=2003 |location=Pontiac, Michigan |pages=21–29}}

File:Frank lloyd wright per steelcase inc., scrivania executive, racine WI 1936-39.jpg and Steelcase c. 1937]]

In 1914, the company received its first product patent for "The Victor",{{Cite web |title=Grand Rapids Public Museum Collections : Artifact : Victor Wastebasket [197813] |url=https://www.grpmcollections.org/Detail/objects/88531 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.grpmcollections.org |language=en}} a fireproof steel wastebasket. The Victor gained popularity due to its light weight—achieved through a patented process of bending flat steel at right angles to create boxes—and its ability to prevent fires at a time when smoking was common indoors, particularly in the workplace.{{Cite news |date=March 29, 2012 |title=Steelcase Turns 100 |work=Architect |url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/furniture/steelcase-anniversary.aspx |accessdate=October 11, 2014}}{{Cite news |last=Karen Dybis |date=August 2012 |title=100 Years & Building:Steelcase CEO Guides Vision for Future |work=Corp! Magazine |url=http://www.corpmagazine.com/features/cover-stories/100-years-buildingsteelcase-ceo-guides-vision-for-future/ |accessdate=October 11, 2014}} In 1915, the company began manufacturing and distributing steel desks after designing and producing 200 for Boston's first skyscraper, the Custom House Tower. In 1937, the company collaborated with Frank Lloyd Wright on office furniture for the Johnson Wax Headquarters. The partnership lasted two years and resulted in some of the first modern workstations.{{Cite news |last=Jim Harger |date=March 13, 2012 |title=Unlikely early product among 10 notable moments in Steelcase history (Steelcase at 100) |work=MLive |url=http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2012/03/from_a_metal_waste_basket_to_g.html |accessdate=October 11, 2014}}

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The name Steelcase was a result of an advertising campaign to promote metal office furniture over wood and was trademarked in 1921. The company officially changed its name to Steelcase, Inc. in 1954.

The company became an industry leader in the late 1960s due to the volume of its sales.{{Cite news |date=April 2012 |title=100 Years of Innovation Timeline |work=Metropolis |url=http://www.steelcase.com/en/company/100-year/documents/metropolis_steelcase_special%20edition.pdf |accessdate=October 11, 2014}} Steelcase expanded into new markets during the 1970s, including Asia, Europe, and North Africa. In 1973, the company debuted the Series 9000 furniture line, a panel-based office system that became a best seller and the company's flagship brand.{{Cite news |last=Margery B. Stein |date=April 1, 1990 |title=Teaching Steelcase to Dance |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/01/magazine/teaching-steelcase-to-dance.html |accessdate=October 11, 2014}}{{Cite news |last=Andi Esposito |date=July 25, 1999 |title=Hudson firm taking bite out of competition |work=Worcester Telegram & Gazette}} That same year, the company delivered the largest single furniture shipment to the then-new Sears Tower. The delivery included 43,565 pieces of furniture and furnished 44 floors.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Steelcase was working closely with architects and interior designers to develop products as well the company's own workspace in Grand Rapids. The company's current headquarters were built in 1983 on 901 44th St. SE in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 1989, Steelcase opened the pyramid-shaped Steelcase Inc. Corporate Development Center. The center contained ten research laboratories and workspaces meant to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration on product development. Steelcase vacated the Pyramid in 2010, and the Pyramid was sold to Switch (company) in 2016.{{Cite news |title=Switch opens 'most advanced data campus' in former Steelcase pyramid |language=en-US |work=MLive.com |url=https://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2017/03/switch_opens_most_advanced_dat.html |access-date=November 27, 2018}} In 1996, Steelcase became the majority stakeholder in design firm IDEO and the firm's CEO, David M. Kelley, became Steelcase's vice president of technical discovery and innovation.{{Cite press release |title=Steelcase, IDEO Ally; Kelley Named Steelcase VP |date=January 15, 1996 |publisher=Steelcase |url=http://ir.steelcase.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=371986 |accessdate=October 11, 2014}}{{Cite news |last=Bruce Nussbaum |date=May 17, 2004 |title=The Power of Design |publisher=BusinessWeek |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2004-05-16/the-power-of-design |accessdate=October 11, 2014}} Steelcase sold its shares back to IDEO's managers starting in 2007.{{Cite news |last=Julia Bauer |date=September 20, 2007 |title=Steelcase's IDEO will be sold over next five years |publisher=Grand Rapids Press |url=http://blog.mlive.com/grpress/2007/09/steelcase_sees_42_percent_jump.html |accessdate=January 8, 2015}}

In 1996, Steelcase was found at fault in a patent infringement suit brought against them by Haworth, Inc., another furniture company. Steelcase was ordered to pay $211.5 million in damages and interest, thus ending a 17-year dispute with Haworth.{{Cite news |date=December 31, 1996 |title=$211.5 Million Award in Patent Lawsuit |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/31/business/211.5-million-award-in-patent-lawsuit.html |accessdate=October 11, 2014}}

Steelcase became a publicly traded company in 1998 under the symbol SCS. During the 2000s, Steelcase reorganized its workforce and began integrating modern technologies in its products.{{Cite news |last=Shandra Martinez |date=January 19, 2014 |title=Steelcase CEO Jim Hackett leaves 'remarkable' tenure at retirement |work=MLive |url=http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2014/01/steelcase_ceo_jim_hacketts_rem.html#comments |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} In 2000, the company opened Steelcase University, a center for ongoing employee development and learning.{{Cite news |last=Jennifer J. Salopek |date=October 2011 |title=Learning Has a Seat at the Table |work=T+D |url=http://feature-mobile.astd.org/Publications/Magazines/TD/TD-Archive/2011/10/Learning-Has-a-Seat-at-the-Table |accessdate=October 11, 2014}} Steelcase's wood furniture plant in Caledonia, MI earned LEED certification in 2001, becoming the first plant to receive the certification.{{Cite news |last=Jennifer Caterino |date=December 20, 2010 |title=Green Industrial |work=Architect |url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/industrial-projects/green-industrial.aspx |accessdate=October 11, 2014}} In 2002, Steelcase partnered with IBM to create BlueSpace, a "smart office" prototype designed using new office technologies.{{Cite news |last=Claudia H. Deutsch |date=January 14, 2002 |title=New Economy; I.B.M. and Steelcase lay out their vision of the office of the future. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/14/business/new-economy-ibm-and-steelcase-lay-out-their-vision-of-the-office-of-the-future.html |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} In 2010, Steelcase and IDEO launched new models for higher education classrooms called LearnLabs.{{Cite news |last=Kaomi Goetz |date=December 16, 2010 |title=How Steelcase Redesigned the 21st Century College Classroom |work=Fast Company |url=http://www.fastcodesign.com/1662898/how-steelcase-redesigned-the-21st-century-college-classroom |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}

In January 2016 the company recalled 12 models of Steelcase "Rocky" style swivel chairs manufactured between 2005 and 2015, due to fall hazard.{{Cite web |title=Steelcase Recalls Chairs Due to Fall Hazard |url=https://www.steelcase.com/press-releases/steelcase-recalls-chairs-due-to-fall-hazard/ |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=Steelcase |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Steelcase Recalls Chairs |url=https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2016/Steelcase-Recalls-Chairs |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission |language=en}}

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Steelcase released Multiple 15 desks in 1946, which introduced standardized desk sizing and became a universal industry standard. Series 9000 was released in 1973 and became Steelcase's most popular line of office systems. The Leap chair, introduced in 1999, sold 5,000 units a week during its first year and became the company's most popular release. The ergonomic office chair was designed with eight adjustable areas for users to control, including chair height, armrest positioning, lumbar support, seat depth, and back positioning. The chair was developed over four years, cost $35 million to design, and resulted in 11 academic studies and 23 patents.{{Cite magazine |last=Bruce Sterling |date=August 7, 2000 |title=The Hot Seat |magazine=Wired |url=http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/8.07/chairs_pr.html |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} The company released the Gesture chair in 2013, which is designed to support the way workers naturally sit.{{Cite news |last=David Pogue |date=September 11, 2013 |title=Chair Pitched as Answer to New Ways We Sit on Job |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/technology/personaltech/a-good-office-chair-not-so-different-from-others.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}

Steelcase innovates the industry with the 1945 Metal Office Furniture Company path in an attempt to be more sustainable. The idea started when Steelcase saw the need for furniture to be personalized for custom size spaces with the ability to be able to fix a broken part if necessary. This series then came to be over 200 compatible arrangements for tables and desks. The process for this simple assembly of parts for the new design was to repair, replace or recycle as many times as the user needs.

Subsidiaries include AMQ, Coalesse, Halcon, Orangebox, Smith System, and Viccarbe, as well as several other brands such as Steelcase Health and Education. The company established an office accessories brand called Details in 1990.{{Cite news |last=Sharon Stangenes |date=June 24, 1990 |title=The Human Touch: Manufacturers Discover That It Pays To Pay Attention To Workers Needs |work=The Chicago Tribune |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/06/24/the-human-touch-4/ |access-date=November 7, 2014}} In 1993, Steelcase launched Turnstone, a line of furniture designed for small businesses and home offices. Designtex, which produces interior textiles and upholstery, was acquired in 1998.{{Cite news |date=August 7, 1988 |title=Steelcase Acquires N.Y. Fabric Firm |work=The Chicago Tribune |agency=Associated Press}} Nurture was founded in 2006 to create products for the health care industry, including furniture and interiors for waiting rooms, offices, and clinics.{{Cite news |last=Reena Jana |date=March 22, 2007 |title=Steelcase's Medical Breakthrough |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-03-22/steelcases-medical-breakthroughbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529165635/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-03-22/steelcases-medical-breakthroughbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 29, 2013 |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} The brand became Steelcase Health in 2014.{{Cite news |last=Karl D. Forth |date=July 7, 2014 |title=Healthcare continues to drive markets |work=CabinetMaker+FDM |url=http://www.cabinetmakerfdm.com/92389.html |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}

Steelcase merged three of its subsidiaries (Brayton International, Metro Furniture and Vecta) to form Coalesse in 2008. Coalesse products are meant for what the company calls "live/work" spaces, a result of the frequent overlap of home and office in modern working habits.{{Cite news |last=Jake Himmelspach |date=February 15, 2009 |title=Coalesse touts live and work environment |work=Grand Rapids Business Journal |url=http://www.grbj.com/articles/print/70097 |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}

Image:Steelcase Headquarters.jpg|left]]

In 1985, Steelcase purchased the Meyer May House designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and restored it, opening it to the public in 1987.{{Cite news |last=Jim Harger |date=March 16, 2012 |title=Why Steelcase has long link to legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright (Steelcase at 100) |work=MLive |url=http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2012/03/steelcase_inc_adopts_frank_llo.html |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} A corporate art program has resulted in a collection including pieces by Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol and Dale Chihuly.{{Cite news |last=Rhonda Brammer |date=April 5, 1999 |title=Steelcase: Designed For Durability |work=Barron's |url=http://online.barrons.com/articles/SB923113334588747183?tesla=y |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}{{Cite news |last=Lindsey Howald Patton |date=May 2014 |title=Work How You Want |work=Green Building and Design Magazine |url=http://gbdmagazine.com/2014/27-steelcase/ |accessdate=January 6, 2015}}

The company employs a research group called WorkSpace Futures to study workplace trends.{{Cite news |last=Drake Baer |date=January 3, 2013 |title=Steelcase's Anthropologist on Remaking Offices to Create Happier Workers |work=Fast Company |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3004140/steelcases-anthropologist-remaking-offices-create-happier-workers |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} In 2010, Steelcase underwent a three-year project to update its Grand Rapids headquarters to promote employee productivity and employee well-being, including redesigning a cafeteria into an all-purpose work environment that provides food service and space for meetings, socializing, and independent work.{{Cite news |last=Adam Piore |date=March 2014 |title=Designing a Happier Workplace |work=Discover |url=http://discovermagazine.com/2014/march/11-designing-a-happy-workplace |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}{{Cite news |last=Fister Gale |date=May 30, 2013 |title=Some Companies Replace Cubicles With Flex Spaces |work=Workforce |url=http://www.workforce.com/articles/some-companies-replace-cubicles-with-flex-spaces |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}

Steelcase's sustainability efforts have included reducing packaging, using regional facilities to reduce shipping distance, cutting greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption, and a goal to reduce its environmental footprint by 25 percent by 2020.{{Cite news |date=July 22, 2009 |title=Steelcase Reduces GHG Emissions 49% Since 2001 |work=Environmental Leader |url=http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/07/22/steelcase-reduces-ghg-emissions-49-since-2001/ |accessdate=October 11, 2014}} As of 2012, Steelcase had reduced its waste by 80 percent, greenhouse gas emissions by 37 percent and water consumption by 54 percent since 2006.{{Cite news |last=Mark Sanchez |date=April 28, 2013 |title=Steelcase details progress of sustainability efforts in new report |work=MiBiz |url=http://mibiz.com/item/20584-steelcase-details-progress-of-sustainability-efforts-in-new-report#sthash.bTBddjrI.dpuf |accessdate=November 7, 2014}} According to the company's WorkFutures group, the company also analyzes its supply chain and materials chemistry to determine product sustainability. As of 2014, the company led its industry in Cradle to Cradle-certified products. In 2016, Steelcase employees volunteered 38,913 hours and the Steelcase Foundation donated more than US$5.7 million.{{Cite news |title=Steelcase Releases 2016 Corporate Sustainability Report – Steelcase |language=en-US |work=Steelcase |url=https://www.steelcase.com/press-releases/steelcase-releases-2016-corporate-sustainability-report/ |access-date=August 17, 2017}}

Steelcase became Carbon Neutral on August 25, 2020, with the plan of becoming Carbon negative (eliminating more carbon than they produce) by 2030.{{Cite web |title=Steelcase Announces Carbon Neutrality and Goal to be Carbon Negative by 2030 |url=https://www.steelcase.com/press-releases/steelcase-announces-carbon-neutrality-goal-carbon-negative-2030/ |access-date=February 26, 2021 |website=Steelcase |language=en-US}} As a company they have a focus on green chemistry and have stopped manufacturing with many chemicals like Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).{{Cite journal |last1=Smieja |first1=Jonathan M. |last2=Babcock |first2=Kaitlyn E. |date=October 2, 2017 |title=The intersection of green chemistry and Steelcase's path to circular economy |journal=Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=331–335 |doi=10.1080/17518253.2017.1383516 |issn=1751-8253 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2017GCLR...10..331S }}

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• The company won the Editors' Choice award at the 2014 NeoCon product competition for "Quiet Spaces", a series of workspaces designed for introverts and a collaboration with Susan Cain, author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking.{{Cite news |last=Brianna Crandall |date=June 20, 2014 |title=NeoCon 2014: Steelcase wins Editors' Choice, Silver; workspaces unleash the power of introverts at work |work=FMLink |url=http://www.fmlink.com/article.cgi?type=News&archive=true&title=NeoCon%202014%3A%20Steelcase%20wins%20Editors%27%20Choice%2C%20Silver%3B%20work%20spaces%20unleash%20the%20power%20of%20introverts%20at%20work&mode=source&catid=124&display=article&id=46217 |accessdate=November 7, 2014}}
• Steelcase was named The World's Most Admired Company by Forbes in 2018, 2019 and 2020.{{Cite web |title=World's Most Admired Companies |url=https://fortune.com/worlds-most-admired-companies/2020/ |access-date=February 19, 2021 |website=Fortune |language=en}} They earned the 2020 Civic Award.{{Cite web |title=Points of Light Announces 2020 Honorees of The Civic 50 |url=https://www.pointsoflight.org/press-releases/points-of-light-announces-2020-honorees-of-the-civic-50/ |access-date=March 5, 2021 |website=Points of Light |language=en-US}}

• 2014 Steelcase's SOTO II Worktools won a Silver Award in the Office Accessories category from Editor's Choice.
• 2018 Best Large Showroom and Best of Competition at NeoCon{{Cite web |date=2018-06-11 |title=Steelcase Receives 'Best of Competition' at NeoCon |url=https://www.steelcase.com/research/articles/topics/awards/steelcase-receives-best-competition-neocon/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=Steelcase |language=en-US}}
• 2019 Steelcase won the Red Dot Award in 2019 for their SILQ chair design.{{Cite press release |last=Inc |first=Steelcase |date=April 9, 2019 |title=Steelcase SILQ Chair Named Best of the Best by Red Dot Awards |url=http://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/04/09/1799749/0/en/Steelcase-SILQ-Chair-Named-Best-of-the-Best-by-Red-Dot-Awards.html |access-date=February 19, 2021 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room}}
• 2021 Best of NeoCon Gold and Best of NeoCon Innovation Awards{{Cite web |title=Best of NeoCon Winners 2021 |url=https://neocon.com/programming/best-of-neocon/winners-2021 |access-date=2022-09-18 |website=NeoCon |language=en-US}}

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• {{official website|www.steelcase.com/}}

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Category:Furniture companies of the United States

Category:Manufacturing companies based in Grand Rapids, Michigan

Category:Industrial design

Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1912

Category:1912 establishments in Michigan

Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange