stemona
{{Short description|Genus of vines}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image_caption = Stemona curtisii1892 illustration by J.N. Fitch (d. 1927) - Curtis's Botanical Magazine v.118 [ser. 3:v.48] (1892)
|image = Stemona_curtisii_CBM.png
|image2 = ManShengBaiBu.JPG
|image2_caption = Stemona japonica
|taxon = Stemona
|authority = Lour.
|synonyms =
- Roxburghia Roxb.
}}
Stemona is a genus of vines and subshrubs in the family Stemonaceae, described as a genus in 1790.[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654094#page/50/mode/1up Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora cochinchinensis : sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes. Quibus accedunt aliae observatae in Sinensi imperio, Africa Orientali, Indiaeque locis variis. Omnes dispositae secundum systema sexuale Linnaeanum 2: 401, 404] in Latin[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40005171 Tropicos, Stemona Lour.]
Stemona is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Papuasia, and northern Australia.[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=308838 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families][http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=131330 Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 70 百部属 bai bu shu Stemona Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 401, 404. 1790. ]
Species
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
- S. angusta I.Telford - Qld
- S. aphylla Craib - Thailand
- S. australiana (Benth.) C.H.Wright NG, NT, WA, Qld
- S. burkillii Prain - Thailand, Myanmar
- S. cochinchinensis Gagnep. - Vietnam
- S. collinsiae Craib - Thailand, Vietnam
- S. curtisii Hook.f. - Sri Lanka, Nicobar, Thailand, [http://mapcarta.com/15621556 Lepar]
- S. griffithiana Kurz - Myanmar
- S. hutanguriana Chuakul - Thailand
- S. involuta Inthachub - Thailand
- S. japonica (Blume) Miquel - SE China, Japan
- S. javanica (Kunth) Engl. - Java, Maluku, Bismarck, NG
- S. kerrii Craib - Yunnan, Thailand, Vietnam
- S. kurzii Prain - Myanmar
- S. lucida (R.Br.) Duyfjes - Qld, NG, Philippines
- S. mairei (H.Léveillé) K.Krause - Sichuan, Yunnan
- S. parviflora C.H.Wright - Hainan
- S. phyllantha Gagnep. - Thailand
- S. pierrei Gagnep. - Vietnam, Laos
- S. prostrata I.Telford - NT
- S. temona rupestris Inthachub - Thailand
- S. sessilifolia (Miq.) Miq. - SE China
- S. squamigera Gagnep. - Laos
- S. tuberosa Lour. - China, Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, New Guinea
}}
Fossil record
2 fossil seeds of †Stemona germanica from the early Miocene, have been found in the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, the Czech Republic. Fossil seeds of Stemona germanica have also been recorded from the nearby Hartau in Germany. Stemona fossil seeds are recorded from many European sites ranging in ages from the Maastrichtian to the Late Miocene.A review of the early Miocene Mastixioid flora of the Kristina Mine at Hrádek nad Nisou in North Bohemia, The Czech Republic, January 2012 by F. Holý, Z. Kvaček and Vasilis Teodoridis - ACTA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Series B – Historia Naturalis • vol. 68 • 2012 • no. 3–4 • pp. 53–118
Cultivation and uses
Stemona tuberosa (Chinese: 百部; pinyin: bǎi bù), is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Stemofoline alkaloids occur in the stems and leaves of Stemona species, particularly S. japonica and have been investigated for use as pharmacological and pesticidal compounds.{{Cite book|date=1999|editor-last=Yamamoto|editor-first=Izuru|editor2-last=Casida|editor2-first=John E.|title=Nicotinoid Insecticides and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-4-431-67933-2|isbn=978-4-431-68011-6|s2cid=34374399|page=46}}{{cite journal |last1=Tang |first1=Chun-Ping |last2=Chen |first2=Tong |last3=Velten |first3=Robert |last4=Jeschke |first4=Peter |last5=Ebbinghaus-Kintscher |first5=Ulrich |last6=Geibel |first6=Sven |last7=Ye |first7=Yang |title=Alkaloids from Stems and Leaves of Stemona japonica and Their Insecticidal Activities |journal=Journal of Natural Products |date=1 January 2008 |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=112–116 |doi=10.1021/np070427k|pmid=18163592 }}{{cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Xiong-Zhi |last2=Gao |first2=Long-Hui |last3=Huang |first3=Pei-Qiang |title=Enantioselective total syntheses of (+)-stemofoline and three congeners based on a biogenetic hypothesis |journal=Nature Communications |date=20 October 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5314 |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19163-4|doi-access=free |pmid=33082332 |pmc=7576163 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5314H }} The chemical structure of the insecticide flupyradifurone was inspired by stemofoline.{{Cite journal|last1=Nauen|first1=Ralf|last2=Jeschke|first2=Peter|last3=Velten|first3=Robert|last4=Beck|first4=Michael E.|last5=Ebbinghaus-Kintscher|first5=Ulrich|last6=Thielert|first6=Wolfgang|last7=Wölfel|first7=Katharina|last8=Haas|first8=Matthias|last9=Kunz|first9=Klaus|last10=Raupach|first10=Georg|date=2015|title=Flupyradifurone: a brief profile of a new butenolide insecticide|journal=Pest Management Science|language=en|volume=71|issue=6|pages=850–862|doi=10.1002/ps.3932|issn=1526-4998|pmc=4657471|pmid=25351824}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{APNI | name = Stemona Lour. | id = 11599}}
- [https://archive.today/20121212085134/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?11515 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Stemona]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2697368}}
{{Pandanales-stub}}