stevioside
{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Stevioside.svg
| ImageSize = 250px
| ImageAlt =
| IUPACName = β-D-Glucopyranosyl 13-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-5β,8α,9β,10α,13α-kaur-16-en-18-oate
| SystematicName = (4R,4aS,6aR,9S,11aR,11bS)-9-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-
| OtherNames =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 57817-89-7
| EINECS = 260-975-5
| PubChem = 442089
| UNII = 0YON5MXJ9P
| ChemSpiderID = 390625
| KEGG = C09189
| ChEBI = 9271
| ChEMBL = 444122
| SMILES = C[C@@]12CCC[C@@]([C@H]1CC[C@]34[C@H]2CC[C@](C3)(C(=C)C4)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O)(C)C(=O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)CO)O)O)O
| InChI = 1S/C38H60O18/c1-16-11-37-9-5-20-35(2,7-4-8-36(20,3)34(50)55-32-29(49)26(46)23(43)18(13-40)52-32)21(37)6-10-38(16,15-37)56-33-30(27(47)24(44)19(14-41)53-33)54-31-28(48)25(45)22(42)17(12-39)51-31/h17-33,39-49H,1,4-15H2,2-3H3/t17-,18-,19-,20+,21+,22-,23-,24-,25+,26+,27+,28-,29-,30-,31+,32+,33+,35-,36-,37-,38+/m1/s1
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=38|H=60|O=18
| MolarMass = 804.8722
| Appearance = white powder
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility =
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
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Stevioside is a glycoside derived from the stevia plant, which can be used as a sweetener.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ceunen S, Geuns JM | title = Steviol glycosides: chemical diversity, metabolism, and function | journal = Journal of Natural Products | volume = 76 | issue = 6 | pages = 1201–28 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23713723 | doi = 10.1021/np400203b }} Evidence of benefit is lacking for long-term effects on weight loss and heart disease risks.{{cite journal | vauthors = Azad MB, Abou-Setta AM, Chauhan BF, Rabbani R, Lys J, Copstein L, Mann A, Jeyaraman MM, Reid AE, Fiander M, MacKay DS, McGavock J, Wicklow B, Zarychanski R | display-authors = 6 | title = Nonnutritive sweeteners and cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies | journal = CMAJ | volume = 189 | issue = 28 | pages = E929–E939 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28716847 | doi = 10.1503/cmaj.161390 | pmc=5515645}}
Origin
Stevioside is the main sweetener (along with rebaudioside A) found in the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, a plant originating in South America. Dried leaves, as well as aqueous extracts, have been used for decades as a sweetener in many countries, notably in Latin America and Asia (Japan, China).{{cite web |author = Scientific Committee on Food |publisher = The European Commission |title = Opinion On Stevioside as a Sweetener |url = http://ec.europa.eu:80/food/fs/sc/scf/out34_en.pdf |date = 17 June 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709035756if_/http://ec.europa.eu:80/food/fs/sc/scf/out34_en.pdf |archive-date=9 July 2006 |url-status=dead}} Stevioside was discovered in 1931 by French chemists who gave it its name. The sweetening power of stevioside was estimated to be about 300 times stronger than cane sugar.
Safety
Since 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has not objected to the use of stevia extracts and some purified steviosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside, as GRAS for use as an ingredient in manufactured foods.{{cite journal | last1=Perrier | first1=Judith D. | last2=Mihalov | first2=Jeremy J. | last3=Carlson | first3=Susan J. | title=FDA regulatory approach to steviol glycosides | journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology | volume=122 | year=2018 | issn=0278-6915 | doi=10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.062 | pages=132–142| doi-access=free | pmid=30268795 }}
See also
References
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