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stipa

{{Short description|Genus of grasses}}

{{Hatnote|For other senses of this term, see Speech transmission index, Luigi Stipa, Stipa-Caproni}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Stipa capensis.JPG

|image_caption = Mediterranean needle-grass,
Stipa capensis

|display_parents = 3

|taxon = Stipa

|authority = L.{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?11604 |title=Genus: Stipa L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=1998-09-14 |access-date=2011-06-27}}

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = 141, see text

|subdivision_ref = {{cite web |title=Stipa L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60437381-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=15 May 2025}}

|synonyms =

}}

Stipa is a genus of 141 species of large perennial hermaphroditic grasses collectively known as feather grass, needle grass, and spear grass. They are placed in the subfamily Pooideae and the tribe Stipeae, which also contains many species formerly assigned to Stipa, which have since been reclassified into new genera.

Many species are important forage crops. Several species such as Stipa brachytricha, S. arundinacea, S. splendens, S. calamagrostis, S. gigantea and S. pulchra are used as ornamental plants. One former species, esparto grass (Macrochloa tenacissima), is used for crafts and extensively in paper making.

It is a coarse grass with inrolled leaves and a panicle patterned inflorescence.{{cite book |last1=Morley |first1=Thomas |title=Spring Flora of Minnesota |date=1966 |publisher=The University of Minnesota Press |page=47}}

Ecology

Species of the genus Stipa can occur in grasslandsElgaily Osman Ahmed, 1983 or in savanna habitats. Certain specific prairie plant associations are dominated by grasses of the genus Stipa, which genus often lends its name to the terminology of some prairie types.Ecological Society of America, 1921 In some areas of the western United States grasses of the genus Stipa form a significant part of the understory of Blue Oak savannas, and were even a more important element prehistorically before the invasion of many European grasses.*C. Michael Hogan, 2008

Species

141 species are currently accepted.

{{div col}}

{{div col end}}

=Formerly placed here=

{{Main|Stipeae}}

  • Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) P.Beauv. (as S. calamagrostis (L.) Wahlenb.)
  • Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth (as S. robusta (Vasey) Scribn.)
  • Anemanthele lessoniana {{small|(Steud.) Veldkamp}} (as Stipa arundinacea Hook.f.){{Cite web |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew {{!}} Synonyms of Anemanthele lessoniana (Steud.) Veldkamp. |url=https://wcsp.science.kew.org/synonomy.do?name_id=393675 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=wcsp.science.kew.org}}
  • Celtica gigantea (Link) F. M. Vazquez & Barkworth (as S. gigantea Link)
  • Eriocoma arida {{small|(M.E.Jones) Romasch.}} (as Stipa arida {{small|M.E.Jones}} and S. mormonum {{small|Mez}})
  • Eriocoma hymenoides {{small|(Roem. & Schult.) Rydb.}} (as S. hymenoides {{small|Roem. & Schult.}})
  • Hesperostipa comata {{small|(Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth}} (as Stipa comata {{small|Trin. & Rupr.}})
  • Hesperostipa spartea {{small|(Trin.) Barkworth}} (as Stipa spartea Trin.){{Cite web |title=Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:969795-1 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}
  • Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav. (as S. ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth)
  • Macrochloa tenacissima (Loefl. ex L.) Kunth (as S. tenacissima Loefl. ex L.)
  • Nassella hyalina {{small|(Nees) Barkworth}} (as Stipa hyalina {{small|Nees}} and S. avenacea {{small|Spreng. ex Trin. & Rupr.}})
  • Nassella leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) R.W.Pohl (as S. leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.)
  • Nassella mexicana {{small|(Hitchc.) R.W.Pohl}} (as Stipa mexicana {{small|Hitchc.}})
  • Nassella pulchra (Hitchc.) Barkworth (as S. pulchra Hitchc.)
  • Nassella viridula {{small|(Trin.) Barkworth}} (as S. viridula Trin.){{Cite web |title=Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:281187-2 |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=Plants of the World Online |language=en}}
  • Neotrinia splendens (Trin.) M.Nobis, P.D.Gudkova & A.Nowak (as S. splendens Trin.)
  • Pappostipa speciosa {{small|(Trin. & Rupr.) Romasch.}} (as Stipa speciosa {{small|Trin. & Rupr.}})
  • Patis coreana {{small|(Honda) Ohwi}} (as Stipa coreana Honda) – Korean needlegrass{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=Korea National Arboretum|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=647|access-date=24 December 2016|via=Korea Forest Service|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}
  • Piptochaetium avenaceum {{small|(L.) Parodi}} (as Stipa avenacea {{small|L.}})
  • Piptochaetium virescens {{small|(Kunth) Parodi}} (as Stipa virescens {{small|Kunth}} and S. avenacea {{small|Willd. ex Steud.}})
  • Stipellula capensis {{small|(Thunb.) Röser & Hamasha}} (as Stipa capensis {{small|Thunb.}})

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Wikispecies-inline}}
  • {{Commons category-inline}}

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{{Authority control}}

Category:Poaceae genera