streptopelia
{{Short description|Genus of birds of the family Columbidae}}
{{redirect|Collared dove|the sandwich|Collared dove (bread)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Streptopelia decaocto - Eurasian Collared Dove 05.jpg
| image_caption = A Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in Adana, Turkey. It is a typical and widespread member of the collared doves.
| taxon = Streptopelia
| authority = Bonaparte, 1855
| type_species = Columba risoria
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
Streptopelia (collared doves and turtle doves) is a genus of 15 species of birds in the pigeon and dove family Columbidae native to the Old World in Africa, Europe, and Asia. These are mainly slim, small to medium-sized species. The upperparts tend to be buffy brown and the underparts are often a shade of pinkish-brown, and they have a characteristic black-and-white patch on the neck. They have cooing or purring songs, monotonous in some, restful and soothing in others. The genus divides into two groups, the collared dove group (11 species) with uniform upperparts and a black half-collar edged with white, and the turtle dove group (4 species) with patterned upperparts and a barred side panel on the neck. They range in size from the 20–23 cm red collared dove to the 33–35 cm oriental turtle dove. Most of the species are resident or disperse over short distances, but two (the European and Oriental turtle doves) are long-distance migrants breeding in temperate areas and wintering in the tropics. The sexes are not differentiated in most of the species, except for the red collared dove, where the males are orange-red with a greyish head, and the females a duller brown.{{cite book |last1=del Hoyo|first1=Josep |title=All the birds of the world |date=2020 |publisher=Lynx Edicions |location=Barcelona |isbn=978-84-16728-37-4 |page=87}}
File:Turteltaube (Streptopelia turtur) in Rheinland-Pfalz.jpg Streptopelia turtur in Germany.]]
As a group, this genus is highly successful; several species are abundant in a range of habitats in the tropics, with three species having a more extensive distribution into temperate areas as well. The Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) in particular has expanded naturally out of its original range of the warmer temperate regions from southeastern Europe to India to colonise the rest of Europe, reaching as far west as Great Britain by 1960 and Ireland soon after, and also east across northern China to Japan. It has also been introduced into the Americas where it has now colonised most of North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, and is still spreading rapidly. Some other species have been less successful in recent years, with two species listed by IUCN as Vulnerable.
Taxonomy
The genus Streptopelia was described in 1855 by the French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.{{ cite journal | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1855 | title=Coup d'oeil sur les pigeons (quatrième partie) | language=French | journal=Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences | volume=40 | pages=15–24 [17] | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4616570 }} The name is from the Ancient Greek στρεπτός (streptós) – literal meaning "twisted" but, by extension, "wearing a torc" (i.e., twisted metal collar) – and πέλεια (péleia) meaning "wild dove".{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A. | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997 | url-access= limited | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997/page/n367 367]}} Also in 1855, the English zoologist George Robert Gray designated the type species as Streptopelia risoria, the Barbary dove.{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1855 | title=Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum | location=London | publisher=British Museum | page=150 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17136789 }}{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1937 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=3 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=88 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477803 }} Although Streptopelia risoria has been confirmed as a valid name by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature,{{ cite journal | author=ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) | year=2008 | title=Opinion 2215 (Case 3380), Streptopelia risoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves, Columbidae): priority maintained | journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature | volume=65 | issue=4 | pages=327–328 | doi=10.21805/bzn.v65i4.a2 | s2cid=82029460 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/376804 }} the Barbary dove is generally treated as a domesticated form of the African collared dove Streptopelia roseogrisea.{{cite journal | last1=Baptista | first1=L.F. | last2=Trail | first2=P.W. | last3=Horblit | first3=H.M. | last4=Boesman | first4=P. | last5=Garcia | first5=E.F.J. | year=2020 | title=African Collared Dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | journal=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | doi=10.2173/bow.afcdov1.01 | s2cid=216467812 | url=https://www.hbw.com/node/54155 | access-date=16 February 2020 | url-access=subscription }}
Species
| class="wikitable" | |||
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution
!IUCN status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 120px | Streptopelia turtur | European turtle dove | Europe, North Africa, western Asia; wintering Africa south of the Sahara
|{{IUCN status|VU}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia lugens | Dusky turtle dove | Tropical East Africa
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia hypopyrrha | Adamawa turtle dove | Tropical West Africa
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia orientalis | Oriental turtle dove | Asia, widespread; wintering further south in Asia
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia bitorquata | Sunda collared dove | Java east to Timor
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia dusumieri | Philippine collared dove | Philippines, endemic
|{{IUCN status|VU}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia decaocto | Eurasian collared dove | Europe, North Africa, Asia; invasive in Americas and Japan
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia xanthocycla | Burmese collared dove | Myanmar, endemic
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia roseogrisea | African collared dove | Sahel region of Africa, southwest Arabia; invasive in Caribbean and New Zealand
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| (No free license photo available) | Streptopelia reichenowi | White-winged collared dove | Southern Ethiopia, southern Somalia
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia decipiens | Mourning collared dove | Tropical Africa
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia semitorquata | Red-eyed dove | Tropical and southern Africa
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia capicola | Ring-necked dove | Eastern and southern Africa
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia vinacea | Vinaceous dove | Sahel region of Africa
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
| 120px | Streptopelia tranquebarica | Red collared dove | Southern Asia
|{{IUCN status|LC}} |
{{cladogram|caption=Phylogenetic position based on Johnson et al. (2001).{{cite journal | last1=Johnson | first1=K.P. | last2=De Kort | first2=S. | last3=Dinwoodey | first3=K. | last4=Mateman | first4=A.C. | last5=Ten Cate | first5=C. | last6=Lessells | first6=C.M. | last7=Clayton | first7=D.H. | year=2001| journal=Auk| volume=118 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba| issue=4|pages= 874–887| doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0874:AMPOTD]2.0.CO;2 | doi-access=free | hdl=20.500.11755/a92515bb-c1c6-4c0e-ae9a-849936c41ca2 | hdl-access=free }}
|align=right|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
}}
}}
|label2=
|2={{clade
}}
}}
|label2=
|2={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=
|2={{clade
|1=Columba
|label2=
|2={{clade
|label1=
|1={{clade
}}
|label2=
|2={{clade
}}
}}
}}
}}
|2=Patagioenas
}}
}}
}}
The genera Spilopelia and Nesoenas were formerly included in Streptopelia, but have since been separated out to make the genus monophyletic.
References
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Columbimorphae Genera|C.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q30944}}
{{Authority control}}