supervillain
{{Short description|Variant of the villain character type possessing "supernatural or superhuman powers"}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Other uses}}
File:Batman villains 1966.jpg, a film adaptation of the comic books based on Batman and the 1960s television show of the same name. From left to right: Penguin, Riddler, Catwoman, and Joker.]]
A supervillain, supervillainess or supercriminal is a major antagonist and variant of the villainous stock character who possesses superpowers. The character type is sometimes found in comic books and is often the primary adversary of a superhero in the same story.
Description
Supervillains are often used as foils to present a daunting challenge to a superhero. In instances where the supervillain does not have superhuman, mystical, or alien powers, the supervillain may possess a genius intellect or a skill set that allows them to draft complex schemes or commit crimes in a way normal humans cannot. Other traits may include megalomania and possession of considerable resources to further their aims. Many supervillains share some typical characteristics of real-world dictators, gangsters, mad scientists, trophy hunters, corrupt businesspeople, serial killers, and terrorists, often having an aspiration of world domination.{{cite web |last=Charlotte |first=Ahlin |date=May 14, 2018 |title=10 Villains in Literature Who Were Apparently Based on Real People |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/10-villains-in-literature-who-were-apparently-based-on-real-people-9051874 |website=Bustle}}
Notable supervillains
The Joker, Lex Luthor, Doctor Doom, Magneto, Brainiac, Deathstroke, the Green Goblin, Loki, the Reverse-Flash, Black Manta, Ultron, Thanos, and Darkseid are some notable male comic book supervillains that have been adapted in film and television.{{cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2008/06/18/the-joker-tops-supervillain-poll-199239/ |title=Joker tops supervillain poll |publisher=Metro.co.uk |date=2012-04-25 |access-date=2012-05-09}}{{cite web |last=Albert |first=Aaron |date=2012-04-10 |title=Top Ten Comic Book Super Villains |url=http://comicbooks.about.com/od/characters/tp/toptenvillains.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111173017/http://comicbooks.about.com/od/characters/tp/toptenvillains.htm |archive-date=2012-11-11 |access-date=2012-05-09 |publisher=Comicbooks.about.com}} Some notable female supervillains are Catwoman, Harley Quinn, Poison Ivy, Mystique, Hela, Viper, and the Cheetah.{{cite web|url=http://www.newsarama.com/15629-lethal-ladies-the-10-best-female-supervillains.html|title=Lethal Ladies; The 10 Best Female Supervillains|publisher=Newsarama.com|access-date=2013-10-22}}{{cite web |last1=Dockterman |first1=E |last2=Conniff |first2=K |title=Maleficent and 16 Other Famous Queens of Mean |date=31 May 2014 |url=https://time.com/2801704/maleficent-villains-wicked-witch-catwoman/ |access-date=2015-04-09 |publisher=Time Magazine}}
Just like superheroes, supervillains are sometimes members of groups, such as the Injustice League, the Sinister Six, the Legion of Doom, the Brotherhood of Mutants, the Suicide Squad, and the Masters of Evil.
In the documentary A Study in Sherlock, writers Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss said they regarded Professor James Moriarty as a supervillain because he possesses genius-level intelligence and powers of observation and deduction, setting him above ordinary people to the point where only he can pose a credible threat to Sherlock Holmes.
One of the earliest examples is John Devil, created by Paul Féval, père, in 1862,{{cite web|access-date=2025-04-26 |date=2011-05-06 |language=en-US |title=John Devil and the World of Paul Feval – Black Gate |url=https://www.blackgate.com/2011/05/06/john-devil-and-the-world-of-paul-feval/}} followed by the Machiavellian Colonel Bozzo-Corona, leader of the criminal organization Les Habits Noirs, also by Féval, in 1863.{{cite web|access-date=2025-04-26 |date=2019-10-28 |language=en-US |title=A (Black) Gat in the Hand: Frank Schildiner on ‘The Bad Guys of Pulp’ – Black Gate |url=https://www.blackgate.com/2019/10/28/a-black-gat-in-the-hand-frank-schildiner-on-the-bad-guys-of-pulp/}}
Another example of a pioneering villain is Zigomar, a character created by Léon Sazie in 1909 for the Le Matin newspaper. Zigomar is a masked criminal wearing a red hood, leader of the "Gang of Z," who terrorized Paris with his ingenious crimes. The character's success was so great that Victorin Jasset directed three films based on his adventures between 1911 and 1913: Zigomar, roi des voleurs, Zigomar contre Nick Carter and Zigomar, peau d'anguille.{{Cite book |last=Gaycken |first=Oliver |url=https://www.google.com.br/books/edition/Devices_of_Curiosity/7fJgBwAAQBAJ?hl=pt-BR&gbpv=1&dq=zigomar+serial+Victorin+Jasset+1913&pg=PA159&printsec=frontcover |title=Devices of Curiosity: Early Cinema and Popular Science |date=2015-05-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-027325-5 |language=en}}
In 1911, Fantômas emerged, created by Marcel Allain and Pierre Souvestre. A master of disguise and crime, Fantômas became an iconic figure in French popular culture. Filmmaker Louis Feuillade further solidified his fame by directing five silent serials starring the character: Fantômas (1913), Juve contre Fantômas (1913), Le Mort Qui Tue (1913), Fantômas contre Fantômas (1914), and Le Faux Magistrat (1914). After the success of the first Fantômas serial, Feuillade had been criticized for glorifying outlaws, his next serial for Gaumont, Judex, starred this time a positive hero, a mysterious avenger conceived as an honest version of Fantômas. Judex was himself featured in various adaptations, sequels and remakes. The original Judex serial was released in the United States and appears to have been an inspiration for the American pulp character The Shadow, who was himself an inspiration for Batman.Xavier Fournier, Super-héros: une histoire française, Huginn Muninn, 2014, p. 69-73{{Cite news |last=Kehr |first=Dave |date=2010-09-17 |title=When Fantômas Held All of Paris in His Criminal Thrall |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/19/movies/homevideo/19kehr.html |access-date=2025-04-28 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}
Fu Manchu is an archetypal evil criminal genius and mad scientist created by English author Sax Rohmer in 1913. The Fu Manchu moustache became integral to stereotypical cinematic and television depictions of Chinese villains. Between 1965 and 1969 Christopher Lee played Fu Manchu five times in film, and in 1973 the character first appeared in Marvel Comics.{{cite magazine |last=Maynard|first=William Patrick |url=https://www.blackgate.com/2016/06/12/blogging-marvels-master-of-kung-fu-part-one/ |title=Blogging Marvel's Master of Kung Fu, Part One |magazine=Black Gate |date=12 June 2016 |access-date=2019-09-10}}
The James Bond arch-villain Ernst Stavro Blofeld (whose scenes often show him sitting on an armchair stroking his cat, his face unseen) has influenced supervillain tropes in popular cinema, including parodies like Dr. Claw and M.A.D. Cat from the Inspector Gadget animated series, Dr. Evil and Mr. Bigglesworth from the Austin Powers film series, or Dr. Blowhole from the animated TV series The Penguins of Madagascar.
The overarching villain of Star Wars, Emperor Palpatine, leads the tyrannical Galactic Empire, and was inspired by real-world tyrannical leaders.{{Cite book |last=Rinzler |first=J. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-U0PAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT34 |title=The Making of The Empire Strikes Back |publisher=Del Rey |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-84513-555-3 |location=London |pages=23 |oclc=506251987 |quote=The best way to set up a super-villain is to take the biggest villain you've got and make him afraid of the super-villain. The Emperor is even more powerful than Vader. He's the classic devil character ... |author-link=J. W. Rinzler}}{{cite magazine |date=April 21, 2002 |title=Star Wars: Attack of the Clones |url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101020429/story2.html |url-status=dead |magazine=Time |location=New York |publisher=Meredith Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020605161308/http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101020429/story2.html |archive-date=June 5, 2002 |access-date=May 15, 2023 |quote=The people give their democracy to a dictator, whether it's Julius Caesar or Napoleon or Adolf Hitler.}}
See also
{{Portal|Comics}}
{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Wiktionary-inline}}
- {{Commons category-inline|Supervillains}}
{{Superhero fiction}}
{{Stock characters}}
{{Comics}}
{{Authority control}}