tenun

The technique of weaving cloth was brought to Insular Southeast Asia (ISEA) as a result of the Austronesian expansion. The word {{lang|id|tenun}} goes back the reconstructed Proto-Austronesian form *tenun 'to weave (cloth)', which is widely attested in Taiwan and ISEA.{{cite book |last=Buckley |first=Christopher |year=2017 |chapter=Looms, Weaving and the Austronesian Expansion |editor1=Andrea Acri |editor2=Roger Blench |editor3=Alexandra Landmann |title=Spirits and Ships: Cultural Transfers in Early Monsoon Asia |pages=273–324 |location=Singapore |publisher=ISEAS Publishing |doi=10.1355/9789814762779-009|isbn=9789814762779 }}

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Weven van kleden Nanggoelan Djogja TMnr 10014444.jpg, circa 1900]]

Tenun fabrics are thought to have existed since the Neolithic period. This has been proven by the discovery of prehistoric objects, such as woven stamps, tools for spinning, and materials that are clearly woven on cloth made of cotton, which are more than 3,000 years old at the East Sumba site, Gunung wingko, Yogyakarta, Gilimanuk and Melolo.{{Cite web|title=Pengertian Menenun dan Sejarahnya|url=https://kumparan.com/berita-update/pengertian-menenun-dan-sejarahnya-1wlGPM7EFCe|access-date= 7 January 2022|website=kumparan.com|language=id}}

In the Neolithic period, the materials for making clothes were still very simple, such as fibers, leaves, bark, animal skins, and plant roots. The manufacture of clothes from bark must choose a type of tree that is hard and has long wood fibers, then the tree is skinned, then the wood fiber is soaked in water to make it soft. Then use a bat in the form of a stone to shape the bark into cloth. The remnants of the tradition of making this kind of cloth are still found in the area of Central Sulawesi called Fuya and in Papua called Capo.

In Old Javanese inscriptions, terms can be found that describe the existence of weaving in the past. On the Karang Tengah inscription dated 847, there is the inscription "white hlai 1 (one) kalambi" which means one piece of white cloth and clothes. In the "Baru" inscription in 1034 AD the word Pawdikan means batik or weaver. In the "Tebu" inscription in 1021 AD and the inscription from Singhasari in 929 AD there is the term "makapas" or cotton. In folklore that has to do with weaving is the story of Sang Kuriang, an important character in the story, Dayang Sumbi, whose daily job is weaving. The manufacture of clothing in the past can be traced to the relief Perempuan menenun ("women are weaving") carved on a 14th-century stone pedestal from the Trowulan area, now stored in the Trowulan Museum, East Java.{{Cite web|title=Kain Tenun|url=http://repo.undiksha.ac.id/1599/3/1515011028-BAB%201%20PENDAHULUAN.pdf|access-date= 7 January 2022|website=undikssha.ac.id|language=id}}

{{Cite web|title=Sejarah Kain Tenun|url=http://www.sanabila.com/2016/02/sejarah-kain-tenun.html|access-date= 7 January 2022|website=indonesia.go.id|language=id}}{{Cite web|title=Mengenal Sejarah Proses Pembuatan Kain Tenun di Sikka Flores|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2019/04/14/140500127/mengenal-sejarah-proses-pembuatan-kain-tenun-di-sikka-flores-?page=all|access-date= 7 January 2022|website=kompas.com| date=14 April 2019 |language=id}}

In South Sumatra, songket weaving has existed since the seventh century. Based on the analysis conducted on the statues at the Bumiayu temple, it can be seen that songket has been worn by the people of South Sumatra since the seventh century AD, when Srivijaya was based in Palembang. This statue was found at the Bumiayu Temple Archaeological Site which is located on the downstream bank of Lematang River which empties into Musi River, precisely in Tanah Abang District, Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir district approximately {{convert|120|km}} to the west of Palembang City.

Tenun techniques can be divided into two major groups, namely techniques in making cloth and techniques for making decorations. In addition, there are two other things that are very important in making tenun, namely preparing the manufacture of yarn and making dyes. Traditionally, yarn is made using weights that are rotated with the fingers (Javanese: diplintir), the ballast is shaped like a top made of wood or terracotta. In western Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok) there is another way to make yarn using "Antih," this tool consists of a wide wheel that can be turned along with a dial (ontel) to turn the wheel. The manufacture of dyes in the past consisted of two colors blue and red. The blue color is obtained from indigo or Mirinda Citrifonela or noni. In addition there are dyes from other plants such as Achiote.

File:Tenun Baduy.jpg|Tenun Baduy

File:BENTENAN SARONG - Unknown - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|Bentenan

File:Doek Kamben cepuk, AK-MAK-1742-13.jpg|Cepuk

File:'Kain endek' (ceremonial ikat hanging) from Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia.jpg|Endek

File:Rejang Ala Tenganan.jpg|Geringsing

File:Hinggi (man's mantle) from Melolo village, Indonesia, Honolulu Museum of Art accession 12983.1.JPG|Hinggi

File:Tenun Ikat Kodi, SBD, NTT.jpg|Ikat

File:Tenun Buton.jpg|Kamohu

File:Doek Pua kumbu Baya belanggai, AK-MAK-1742-14.jpg|Kumbu

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Tempelhanger van katoen TMnr 5977-40.jpg|Lamak

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Kokerrok met afbeelding van mensfiguren in supplementaire scheringtechniek TMnr A-5244.jpg|Lau

File:Kain limar (shoulder cloth) from Sumatra, Bangka Island, late 19th century, HAA.JPG|Limar

File:Kain Samping Songket Lelaki.jpg|Lunggi

File:Kirab Merti Dusun Wiwit Srawung, Dusun Glondong, Panggungharjo, Bantul.jpg|Lurik

File:Pintal Benang DSCF8334.jpg|Sasak

File:Alat Tenun Bukan Mesin (ATBM) Khas Majalaya.jpg|

File:Kain Tenun Pagatan 180825002.JPG|Pagatan

File:Palepai.jpg|Palepai

File:Indonesian funeral shroud or hanging, (porilonjong), Central Sulawesi (Celebes), Rongkong, Toraja, cotton with ikat paterns.jpg|Porilonjong

File:Doek Pua, AK-MAK-1742-19.jpg|Kain Pua

File:Samarinda Sarong.jpg|Tenun Samarinda

File:Bamboofabric.png|Songket

File:Woman's Ceremonial Skirt (Sora Langi') MET VS1999.47.182XX.jpeg|Tenun Sora

File:Ceremonial tube skirt from Indonesia, Honolulu Museum of Art 9812.1.JPG|Tais

File:Dekranasda Lampung - panoramio.jpg|Tapis

File:Tenun Troso, Seni Kain Tradisional asal Kota Ukir.jpg|Tenun Troso

File:Batak Karo Wedding.jpg|Uis

File:Penenun Ulap Doyo.jpg|Ulap Doyo

File:Tenun Ulos.jpg|Ulos

{{Portal|Clothing|Fashion|Indonesia}}

• Culture of Indonesia
• Art of Indonesia

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*{{cite book|date=2010 |title=Tenun: Handwoven Textiles of Indonesia |url=https://www.google.co.id/search?kgmid=/g/12bp4y41g&hl=en-ID&q=Tenun:+Handwoven+Textiles+of+Indonesia&kgs=bb2867b161923e17&shndl=17&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/2&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618110735/https://www.google.co.id/search?kgmid=/g/12bp4y41g&hl=en-ID&q=Tenun:+Handwoven+Textiles+of+Indonesia&kgs=bb2867b161923e17&shndl=17&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/2&entrypoint=sh/x/kp/osrp |url-status=usurped |archive-date=June 18, 2022 |language=en |page=191 |isbn=978-602-97473-0-0|last1=Indonesia |first1=Cita Tenun |publisher=Tuttle }}

*{{cite book|date=2009 |title=Tenun Ikat: Indonesia's Ikat Weaving Traditions |url= https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/5126439 |location=National Library of Australia |isbn=}}

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{{Indonesian clothing}}

Category:Textile arts of Indonesia