the Little Engine That Could

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The story's signature phrases such as "I think I can" first occurred in print in a 1902 article in a Swedish journal.{{cite journal |last1=Plotnick |first1=Roy E. |title=In Search of Watty Piper: The History of the 'Little Engine' Story |journal=New Review of Children's Literature and Librarianship |volume=18 |issue=1 |year=2012 |pages=11–26 |issn=1361-4541 |doi=10.1080/13614541.2012.650957 |s2cid=145333174}} An early published version of the story, "Story of the Engine That Thought It Could", appeared in the New-York Tribune on April 8, 1906, as part of a sermon by the Rev. Charles S. Wing.

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A brief version of the tale appeared under the title "Thinking One Can" in 1906, in Wellspring for Young People, a Sunday school publication. This version reappeared in a 1910 book, Foundation Stones of Success.

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Another version was published under the name "The Pony Engine" in the Kindergarten Review in 1910, written by Mary C. Jacobs. A different version with the same title appeared in a magazine for children in 1916 under the name of Mabel C. Bragg, a teacher. She introduced new events to the story, such as the train's kid-friendly cargo, but she "took no credit for originating the story".

The first version with the title "The Little Engine That Could" appeared in 1920 in the U.S., in Volume 1 of My Book House, a set of books sold door-to-door. This version began: "Once there was a Train-of-Cars; she was flying across the country with a load of Christmas toys for the children who lived on the other side of the mountain". The story was labeled,[https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Little-Engine/Olive-Beaupre-Miller/Childrens-Classic-Collections/9781631584008 The Little Engine: The Original Tale from 1920 By Olive Beaupre Miller, John Kurtz-Simon and Schuster] as told by Olive Beaupré Miller, that the first edition gave credit to Bragg, but subsequent editions did not as Miller subsequently concluded that "the story belonged to the realm of folk literature". Miller was the founding editor and publisher of The Book House for Children, a company based in Chicago.

The best known incarnation of The Little Engine That Could was published in 1930 by "Watty Piper", pen name of Arnold Munk, who was the owner of the publishing firm Platt & Munk.{{Cite news |last=Blair |first=Elizabeth |date=2014-07-08 |title=In 'Little Engine That Could', Some See an Early Feminist Hero |language=en |work=All Things Considered |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/07/08/329520062/in-little-engine-that-could-some-see-an-early-feminist-hero |access-date=2022-09-09}} The title page stated: "Retold by Watty Piper from The Pony Engine by Mabel C. Bragg's copyrighted by George H. Doran and Co." Munk used the name Watty Piper as both an author of children's books and as the editor of many of the books that Platt & Munk published. He personally hired Lois Lenski to illustrate the book.

In 1954, Platt & Munk published another version of The Little Engine That Could with slightly revised language and new, more colorful illustrations by George and Doris Hauman.Cullinan, Bernice E., and Diane Goetz Person. The Continuum Encyclopedia of Children's Literature. Continuum International Publishing Group, August 1, 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Im_I_7j4VDcC&pg=PA634 p. 634]. Although there had been many previous editions of this classic story, "it was the work of George and Doris Hauman that earned The Little Engine the title of being worthy to sit on the same shelf as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". A 1976 reworking that featured art by Ruth Sanderson received a lot of attention at the time of its release, in part because it prompted a discussion of gender stereotypes.

In the tale, a long train must be pulled over a high mountain after its locomotive breaks down. Larger locomotives, treated anthropomorphically, are asked to pull the train; for various reasons, they refuse because they think they are too important. The request is sent to a small engine, who agrees to try. Despite the steep climb and heavy load, the engine slowly succeeds in pulling the train over the mountain while repeating the motto: "I think I can".

The story of the little engine has been told and retold many times. The underlying theme is the same—a stranded train is unable to find an engine willing to take it on over difficult terrain to its destination. Only the little engine is willing to try and, while repeating the mantra "I think I can, I think I can", overcomes a seemingly impossible task.

An early version goes as follows:{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

A little railroad engine was employed about a station yard for such work as it was built for, pulling a few cars on and off the switches. One morning it was waiting for the next call when a long train of freight-cars asked a large engine in the roundhouse to take it over the hill. "I can't; that is too much a pull for me", said the great engine built for hard work. Then the train asked another engine, and another, only to hear excuses and be refused. In desperation, the train asked the little switch engine to draw it up the grade and down on the other side. "I think I can", puffed the little locomotive, and put itself in front of the great heavy train. As it went on the little engine kept bravely puffing faster and faster, "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can".

As it neared the top of the grade, which had so discouraged the larger engines, it went more slowly. However, it still kept saying, "I think I can, I think I can". It reached the top by drawing on bravery and then went on down the grade, congratulating itself by saying, "I thought I could, I thought I could".

A Disney version of the story was published in 1976:{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}

The story begins with a toy-filled train pulled by a small red engine on its way to a town on the other side of a mountain but the engine shortly breaks down upon reaching the mountain. The toy clown flags down other engines to help them: a shiny yellow passenger engine and a big black freight engine. The shiny passenger engine and big freight engine both refuse to help. Finally, a little blue engine arrives. Although she is simply a switcher engine and has never been over the mountain, she agrees to help pull the train. In the end, she was able to successfully reach the top of the mountain before slowly heading down towards the town.

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Later versions would revamp the story to have a more specific appeal for children – the stranded train is recast as a tank engine pulling good food and anthropomorphic toys for the children across the mountain, thus in saving the train the little engine seems to be working for the benefit of the child reader, making the successful deed all the more triumphant.

In these versions, another character appeared and remained a key part of the story hereafter – the clown ringleader of the toys who attempts to find help with several locomotives but is rebuffed. The number of engines in the story also eventually became standard across the telling: the happy locomotive on the toy train who breaks down and cannot go on, the pompous passenger engine who considers himself too grand for the task and the powerful freight engine who views himself as too important. At least one version includes an old-time engine that says he is 'too tired' to help. The little blue engine always appears last and, although perhaps reluctant (some editions have the engine clarify her role as a switcher not suited for excursions), always rises to the occasion and saves the day for the children over the mountain.

Each engine is defined by its appearance or function and is not given a name or personality beyond its role on the railroad. It is only in the 1991 film adaption that the engines' personalities are expanded on, including the granting of names: Farnsworth (the express engine), Pete (the freight engine), Jebediah (the old-time engine), Georgia (the friendly engine of the toy train), and Tillie, the titular "little engine that could". The clown was also named "Rollo" and a sixth engine character, Doc, appeared briefly to recover the broken-down Georgia and thus tie up the hanging story-thread of what happened to the failed engine of the toy train, which all other versions leave unaddressed. The 2011 adaptation expanded the storyline, this time with the little engine now working in Dreamland with Rusty (an old steam engine) alongside other Dream Haulers, trains that carried dreams to the real world while the original personalities of the previous locomotives are absent from this version.

The tale with its easy-to-grasp moral has become a classic children's story and was adapted in January 1991 as a 30-minute animated film[http://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/animation-anecdotes-387/ Animation Anecdotes #387|Cartoon Research] produced in the United Kingdom and co-financed in the United Kingdom and the United States. The film named the engine Tillie and expanded the narrative into a larger story of self-discovery.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

In March 2011, the story was adapted as a 3-D film named The Little Engine That Could, produced by Universal Studios and featuring the voices of Whoopi Goldberg, Jamie Lee Curtis, Alyson Stoner, and Corbin Bleu.[https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/movies/The-Little-Engine-That-Could/ The Little Engine That Could (2011) - Behind the Voice Actors]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}

Burl Ives recorded the story told as a song "The Little Engine That Could" written by Gerald Marks and Milton Pascal with an orchestra directed by Percy Faith.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/78_the-little-engine-that-could_burl-ives-gerald-marks-milton-pascal-percy-faith_gbia0440309a|title=THE LITTLE ENGINE THAT COULD}} The song was released on the album Burl Ives Sings Little White Duck and Other Children's Favorites in 1964.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

From 2005 to 2008, a full-size replica of the Little Engine That Could made an annual circuit around the United States. Arranged through Rail Events, Inc., a number of tourist and museum railroad operations hosted the "I Think I Can" Rail Tour.{{cite web|access-date=2008-06-19|title=I Think I Can Rail Tour|url=http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128173853/http://thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/|archive-date=November 28, 2010|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} The replica was constructed in 2005 by the Strasburg Rail Road in southeast Pennsylvania who also constructed the Thomas the Tank Engine replicas that tour the United States.{{Cite web |title=Day Out With Thomas |url=https://www.strasburgrailroad.com/train-schedule/events/day-out-with-thomas/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Strasburg Rail Road |language=en-US}} The last tour was in 2008.{{cite web |url=http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm|title=I Think I Can Rail Tour Schedule |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706114603/http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm|archive-date=2008-07-06 |url-status=dead}} In 2009, the replica only appeared at the Texas State Railroad.{{cite web |url=http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm |title=I Think I Can Rail Tour Schedule |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214183009/http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm |archive-date=December 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}} In 2011, the website for the tour said that there would be dates announced for that year,{{cite web |url=http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm|title=I Think I Can Rail Tour Schedule |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613112707/http://thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm |archive-date=2011-06-13 |url-status=dead}} but dates were never posted and the message was still present in 2012 until it went offline.{{cite web |url=http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm|title= I Think I Can Rail Tour Schedule |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306013757/http://www.thelittleenginethatcouldtour.com/schedules.htm|archive-date=2012-03-06|url-status=dead}} The last time the train ever operated was on September 16, 2012.{{cite web |url=http://www.gsmr.com/2012-railfest|title=Great Smoky Mountains Railroad 2012 Railfest |access-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915123019/http://www.gsmr.com/2012-railfest|archive-date=2012-09-15 |url-status=live}} As of 2015, the replica is owned by the Great Smoky Mountains Railroad, and has since been repainted to remove all references to the Little Engine That Could. It is currently displayed at the depot.{{cite web|url=https://restoring1702.com/2015/09/25/steam-shop-tour-success/ |date=25 September 2015 |title=Steam Shop Tour Success! {{!}} Restoring1702 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203015400/https://restoring1702.com/2015/09/25/steam-shop-tour-success/ |archive-date=3 February 2019}}

American toy company Whittle Shortline produces wooden toy trains of The Little Engine That Could as a domestic alternative to Thomas & Friends Wooden Railway.{{cite web|accessdate=2008-11-29 |title=Whittle Shortline Railroad|url=http://www.woodentrain.com}}{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}} Maxim Enterprise held the license prior to 2006.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}}

• The Little Engine That Could and the Big Chase{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-10-28-bk-4659-story.html |title=The Little Engine That Still Can |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=28 October 1990 |first=Nina |last=Barrett |url-access=subscription}}
• I Knew You Could![https://books.google.com/books?id=wUu2BgAAQBAJ I Knew You Could! - Google Books][https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50643706 I knew you could!: a book for all the stops in your life (Book, 2003) - WorldCat.org]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}
• And The Fire Rescue[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53091673 The little engine that could: and the fire rescue (Book, 2003) - WorldCat.org]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}
• Choo Choo Charlie Saves the Carnival[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1148197697 Choo Choo Charlie saves the carnival (eBook, 2004) - WorldCat.org]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}
• And The Snowy, Blowy Christmas[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/776241244 The little engine that could and the snowy, blowy Christmas (Book, 2010) - WorldCat.org]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}
• Good Night, Little Engine[https://books.google.com/books?id=JIfnDwAAQBAJ Good Night, Little Engine - Google Books]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}
• Three Little Engines{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-life-lessons-of-three-little-engines/ |title=The life lessons of "Three Little Engines" |website=CBS News |date=1 August 2021}}

A 1949 recording of the story by Paul Wing was inducted to the National Recording Registry in 2009.{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/little%20engine%20that%20could.pdf |title="The Little Engine That Could"--Paul Wing (1948) |website=Library of Congress}}

• In the 1941 Disney film Dumbo (as well as the Disneyland theme park ride), when Casey Jr. the circus train puffs up a hill, he chants, "I think I can!" and "I thought I could!" when going down the hill.[https://www.ocregister.com/2016/01/19/disneyland-ride-review-ride-in-the-animal-cars-on-casey-jr-circus-train/ Disneyland Ride Review: Ride in the animal cars on Casey Jr. Circus Train – Orange County Register]
• The story is incorporated into the 1977 special The Easter Bunny Is Comin' to Town, in which the engine is named "Chugs" and is commissioned by the Easter Bunny to deliver Easter candy.[https://books.google.com/books?id=w-DgDwAAQBAJ&dq=chugs+%28from+the+easter+bunny+is+comin+to+town%29&pg=PT107 Television Musicals: Plots, Critiques, Casts and Credits for 222 Shows Written for and Presented on Television, 1944-1996 - Google Books (#59)]
• This book was chosen by "Jumpstart Read for the Record" to be read worldwide to tens of thousands of children on August 24, 2006.{{cite web|url=http://www.readfortherecord.org/site/PageServer?pagename=events_highlights_2006 |title=Jumpstart's Read for the Record Event Highlights |access-date=2008-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225072107/http://www.readfortherecord.org/site/PageServer?pagename=events_highlights_2006 |archive-date=February 25, 2009}}
• Shel Silverstein wrote the poem "The Little Blue Engine", which referenced this story.[http://holyjoe.org/poetry/shel4.htm Poem: The Little Blue Engine]
• A song version co-written by famed Looney Tunes writer Warren Foster was covered by John Denver,{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPNgbMGB1qI|title=The Little Engine That Could - John Denver-Topic|via=YouTube|access-date=21 June 2025|date=}} Burl Ives[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1imtC2CQPo The Little Engine That Could - Burl Ives-Topic on YouTube]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}} and Guy Lombardo.[https://archive.org/details/78_the-little-engine-that-could_guy-lombardo-and-his-royal-canadians-kenny-gardner-and_gbia0031851a The Little Engine That Could: Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians-Internet Archive]
• A custom version of the book is the first shipped to new members of Dolly Parton's Imagination Library in the United States, Canada, and the Republic of Ireland.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-31 |title=United States Book List - Dolly Parton's Imagination Library |url=https://imaginationlibrary.com/usa/book-list/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331195415/https://imaginationlibrary.com/usa/book-list/ |archive-date=March 31, 2024}}{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=Canada Book List - Dolly Parton's Imagination Library |url=https://imaginationlibrary.com/ca/book-list/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607232511/https://imaginationlibrary.com/ca/book-list/ |archive-date=June 7, 2023}}{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Republic of Ireland Book List - Dolly Parton's Imagination Library |url=https://imaginationlibrary.com/ie/book-list/ |access-date=2024-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240212212738/https://imaginationlibrary.com/ie/book-list/ |archive-date=February 12, 2024}}
• Variations of the story are also found in Choo-Choo, the Little Switch Engine by Wallace Wadsworth (published by Rand McNally) and in Peter Pan Records' Puff 'N Toot. In these stories, the titular locomotives are tasked with carrying their trains over a nearby steep mountain. Choo-Choo must substitute for a passenger engine who has broken down.[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6644694 Choo-choo: the little switch engine (Book, 1954) - WorldCat.org] Puff 'N Toot, carrying children to a summer campground, is unable to cross a damaged bridge, and must resort to using an old mountain track. The line "I think I can" is replaced with "I gotta make it" in this second story.[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=QGFAaLLRQ84 The Story of Puff 'n Toot - Puff 'n Toot Singers - Topic on YouTube]{{incomplete short citation|date=June 2025}}

• The Little Engine That Could – the 1991 film adaptation of the book
• The Little Engine That Could – the 2011 computer-animated film starring Alyson Stoner
• Thomas the Tank Engine and James the Red Engine – similar British characters

{{Reflist|25em}}

• {{Cite web |last=Plotnick |first=Roy E. |title=In Search of Watty Piper: A Brief History of the 'Little Engine' Story |url=https://sites.google.com/view/insearchofwattypiper/home |access-date=2011-10-17 |publisher=University of Illinois at Chicago}}
• [https://archive.org/details/TheLittleEngineThatCould The Little Engine That Could] — 10 min. 1963 film at the Internet Archive, by Coronet Films
• [https://archive.org/details/latchkeyofmybook01mill Volume I of My Book House] — "The Little Engine That Could" starts on p. 193.

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Category:1906 introductions

Category:1930 children's books

Category:American picture books

Category:Anthropomorphic vehicles

Category:Book series introduced in 1930

Category:Children's books about rail transport

Category:Fictional locomotives

Category:Snowclones

Category:United States National Recording Registry recordings

Category:American folklore