thulium(III) chloride

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| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 428985642

| ImageFile = Aluminium-trichloride-crystal-3D-balls.png

| IUPACName = Thulium(III) chloride

| OtherNames = Thulium chloride, thulium trichloride

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| Abbreviations =

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CASNo = 13537-18-3

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 73TYF012WF

| EINECS = 236-904-9

| PubChem = 61643

| RTECS = XP0525000

| InChI = 1S/3ClH.Tm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

| SMILES = Cl[Tm](Cl)Cl

| MeSHName =

| ChEBI =

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG =

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|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = TmCl3

| MolarMass = 275.292 g/mol

| Appearance = yellow crystals

| Density = 3.98 g/cm3

| MeltingPtC = 824

| BoilingPtC = 1490

| Solubility = heptahydrate: very soluble

| SolubleOther = heptahydrate: very soluble in ethanol

| Solvent =

| pKa =

| pKb = }}

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| Coordination = 6

{{cite web |url= http://202.114.88.54/g/web18/wangluo/webelements/webelements/compounds/text/tm/cl3tm1-13537183.html |title= Chemistry: Periodic Table: Thulium: compound data (thulium (III) chloride) |access-date= 2008-06-27 |publisher= WebElements |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081201020455/http://202.114.88.54/g/web18/wangluo/webelements/webelements/compounds/text/tm/cl3tm1-13537183.html |archive-date= 2008-12-01 }}

| CrystalStruct = Monoclinic, mS16

| SpaceGroup = C12/m1, No. 12

}}

|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry

| DeltaHf = −966.6 kJ/mol

{{Cite book | last1 = Perry | first1 = Dale L. | last2 = Phillips

| first2 = Sidney L. | year = 1995

| title = Handbook of Inorganic Compounds | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 0-8493-8671-3

| pages = 512

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kTnxSi2B2FcC&pg=PT1017 | access-date = 2008-06-27 }}

| DeltaHc =

| Entropy =

| HeatCapacity = }}

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalSDS =

| MainHazards = Irritant

| NFPA-H =

| NFPA-F =

| NFPA-R =

| NFPA-S =

| GHS_ref={{cite web |title=Thulium trichloride |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/61643#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}

| GHSSignalWord = Warning

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|271|280|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|312|332+313|337+313|362|403+233|405|501}}

| FlashPt =

| AutoignitionPt =

| ExploLimits =

| PEL = }}

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions = Thulium(III) oxide

| OtherCations = Erbium(III) chloride
Ytterbium(III) chloride
Thulium(II) chloride

}}

}}

Thulium(III) chloride or thulium trichloride is as an inorganic salt composed of thulium and chlorine with the formula TmCl3. It forms yellow crystals. Thulium(III) chloride has the YCl3 (AlCl3) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}} It has been used as a starting material for some exotic nanostructures prepared for NIR photocatalysis.{{Cite journal |last1=Bai |first1=Lijie |last2=Jiang |first2=Wenya |last3=Gao |first3=Chunxiao |last4=Zhong |first4=Shuxian |last5=Zhao |first5=Leihong |last6=Li |first6=Zhengquan |last7=Bai |first7=Song |date=2016-11-17 |title=Facet engineered interface design of NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanocrystals on BiOCl nanoplates for enhanced near-infrared photocatalysis |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/nr/c6nr05720a |journal=Nanoscale |language=en |volume=8 |issue=45 |pages=19014–19024 |doi=10.1039/C6NR05720A |pmid=27808315 |issn=2040-3372}}

Preparation

Thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by reacting thulium(III) oxide or thulium(III) carbonate and ammonium chloride:{{Cite book |title=Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 |date=1978 |publisher=Enke |isbn=978-3-432-87813-3 |edition=3., umgearb. Aufl |location=Stuttgart}}

:{{chem2|Tm2O3 + 6 NH4Cl → 2 TmCl3 + 6 NH3 + 2 H2O}}

The hexahydrate of thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by adding thulium(III) oxide to concentrated hydrochloric acid.{{Cite web | last = Spencer | first = James F. | year = 1919| title = The Metals of the Rare Earths | location = New York| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co | pages = [https://archive.org/details/metalsrareearth00spengoog/page/n166 152]| url = https://archive.org/details/metalsrareearth00spengoog | access-date = 2008-06-27 }}

:{{chem2|2 Tm + 6 HCl → 2 TmCl3 + 3 H2}}

Thulium(III) chloride can also be obtained by directly reacting thulium and chlorine:Webelements: [https://www.webelements.com/thulium/chemistry.html Thulium]

:{{chem2|2 Tm + 3 Cl2 → 2 TmCl3}}

Properties

Thulium(III) chloride is a light yellow powder. Its hexahydrate is a light green hygroscopic solid.{{Sigma-Aldrich|Aldrich|204668|name=Thulium(III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.99% trace metals basis|date=2012-04-30}} Both are soluble in water. Thulium(III) chloride has a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2/m (No. 12) corresponding to that of aluminum(III) chloride.{{Cite book |last1=Ans |first1=Jean d' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ssy59etLaksC&pg=PA780 |title=Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker |last2=Lax |first2=Ellen |date=1998 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-60035-0 |language=de}}

Thulium(III) chloride reacts with strong bases to make thulium(III) oxide.

References

{{reflist}}

{{Thulium compounds}}

{{Chlorides}}

{{Lanthanide halides}}

Category:Thulium compounds

Category:Chlorides

Category:Lanthanide halides