tidore language

{{Short description|West Papuan language spoken in Indonesia}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Tidore

|script = Latin script, Arabic script (historically)

|states=Indonesia

|region=North Maluku, islands of Tidore, Maitara, Mare, northern half of Moti, and some areas of west coast of Halmahera

|coordinates = {{coord|0|1|N|127|44|E|type:landmark|display=inline}}

|pushpin_map = Southeast Asia

|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Southeast Asia

|speakers=26,000

|date = 1981

|ref=e25

|speakers2=20,000 L2 speakers (1981)

|familycolor=Papuan

|fam1=West Papuan?

|fam2=North Halmahera

|fam3=Ternate–Tidore

|iso3=tvo

|glotto=tido1248

|glottorefname=Tidore

}}

Tidore is a language of North Maluku, Indonesia, spoken by the Tidore people.{{Citation | first = C.L. |last = Voorhoeve |author-link = Clemens L. Voorhoeve | title = Papers in New Guinea linguistics. No. 26 | date = 1988 | isbn = 0-85883-370-0 | location = Canberra | publisher = Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University | oclc = 220535054 | pages = 181–209 | doi = 10.15144/PL-A76.181 | chapter = The languages of the North Halmaheran stock | series = Pacific Linguistics A-76 | url = }} The language is centered on the island of Tidore, but it is also spoken on the neighbouring islands of Mare and Moti to the south, and Maitara to the northwest of Tidore, as well as in some areas of the neighbouring Halmahera. Historically, it was the primary language of the Sultanate of Tidore, a major Moluccan Muslim state.

A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family. Tidore and other North Halmahera languages are perhaps related to languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua.{{cite book |editor-first=Gunter |editor-last = Senft |date=2008 |title=Serial verb constructions in Austronesian and Papuan languages |series = Pacific Linguistics 594 |publisher = Pacific Linguistics, Research School Of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University |location = Canberra |chapter = Serial verb constructions in a linguistic area |first1 = Miriam |last1 = van Staden |first2 = Ger |last2 = Reesink |pages = 17–54 |oclc = 271765117 |isbn = 978-0-85883-591-7 }}{{Rp|20}}

Tidore is a regional lingua franca, used for interethnic communication in the Central Halmahera area.{{Cite book |first = E.K.M |last = Masinambow |chapter = Pengantar Ketua Panitia Pengarah Program Pemetaan Bahasa Nusantara |editor-first = Ajip |editor-last = Rosidi |title = Bahasa Nusantara: Suatu Pemetaan Awal: Gambaran tentang Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia |pages = 9–11 |location = Jakarta |year = 1999 |publisher = Dunia Pustaka Jaya |oclc = 44620949 |language = id}} Since the 17th century, it had some influence as a trade language in the Moluccan-New Guinean region. It is closely related to Ternate, of which it is sometimes considered a dialect.{{Cite web | publisher = Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan |url = https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/infobahasa.php?idb=482 | title = Bahasa Ternate | work = Peta Bahasa | language = id}} Both Ternate and Tidore have been recorded in writing at least since the late 15th century,{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Paul Michael |date=1988 |title=From mantra to mataráa: Opacity and transparency in the language of Tobelo magic and medicine (Halmahera Island, Indonesia) |journal=Social Science & Medicine |language=en |volume=27 |issue=5 |pages=425–436 |doi=10.1016/0277-9536(88)90365-6|pmid=3067356 }}{{rp|430}} being the only non-Austronesian (or "Papuan") languages of the region with indigenous (pre-European) literary traditions.{{Cite journal |last=Warnk |first=Holger |year=2010 |title=The coming of Islam and Moluccan-Malay culture to New Guinea c.1500–1920 |journal=Indonesia and the Malay World |language=en |volume=38 |issue=110 |pages=109–134 |doi=10.1080/13639811003665454|s2cid=162188648 }}{{rp|112|at=fn. 2}}

All Tidore speakers are also conversant in North Moluccan Malay, the language of wider communication, and the contact between Malay and Tidore has left a great mark on the local language. There are many North Moluccan Malay and Indonesian loans in Tidore, and the language exhibits strong Austronesian influence in general.{{Cite journal |last=van Staden |first=Miriam |date=2006 |title=The body and its parts in Tidore, a Papuan language of Eastern Indonesia |url= https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/the-body-and-its-parts-in-tidore-a-papuan-language-of-eastern-indonesia(d3577825-4e43-4d7b-b9e7-2a3b30b901f0).html|journal=Language Sciences |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2–3 |pages=323–343 |doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2005.11.013 |issn=0388-0001}}