tifa totobuang

{{Infobox Instrument

|name=Tifa totobuang

|names=

|image=COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Muzikanten tijdens het bespelen van een totobuang en trommen Amahusu TMnr 20018289.jpg

|caption= A Tifa totobuang ensemble, a traditional musical instrument from the East Indonesia region

|image_size = 260px

|classification=

|range= Pelog and Slendro scales

|related= bonang, kenong, canang, keromong, kromong, kethuk, trompong/terompong, rejong, khong wong yai/khong wong lek, khong toch/ khong thom, khong vong, krewaing/krewong

|developed= Indonesia (Maluku)

|musicians=

|articles=

}}

A tifa totobuang is a music ensemble from the Maluku Islands, related to the kulintang orchestra. It consists of a set of a double row of gong chimes known as the totobuang (similar to set of bonang gong chimes) and a set of tifa drums. It can also include a large gong.{{cite web |title=19 Alat Musik Tradisional Indonesia (Universal Update) [translation: 9 Indonesian Traditional Musical Instruments (Universal Update)]|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131114175203/http://www.proghita.com/read/2012/08/07/8105/19-alat-musik-tradisional-indonesia-universal-update.php |archive-date= 14 November 2013|url= http://www.proghita.com/read/2012/08/07/8105/19-alat-musik-tradisional-indonesia-universal-update.php }}

The name comes from the instruments' collaboration. The ensemble can accompany the Maluku Island's Sawat Lenso dance.{{cite news |work=British Broadcasting Corp., Indonesia | title= Sawat Lenso, a Maluku dance which is a symbol of friendship between Muslims and Christians |date= 19 January 2019 |url= https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-46868162}}{{cite web |title= Tifa Totobuang |author= Djarujm Foundation, IndonesiaKaya| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi6kaNWVCwM |quote= [Video. From print on bottom of video:] The totobuang is a melodic musical instrument that has tones and is shaped like a Javanese gamelan instrument...The two are usually played together on the same day, which is why the collaboration is called tifa totobuang.}}

The custom dates back at least to the late 17th or early 18th century. Gong-chime and drum ensembles, labeled tifa totobuang, were mentioned by François Valentijn, a Dutch army cleric who served in the Dutch army in Ambon, Maluku in two tours, 1686-1994 and 1703–1713.{{cite journal |title= "Traditional Music Weeps" and Other Themes in the Discourse on Music, Dance and Theatre of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand |author= Margaret J. Kartomi |journal= of Southeast Asian Studies |volume= 26 |issue= 2 |date= September 1995 |page= 367 |publisher= Cambridge University Press on behalf of Department of History, National University of Singapore}} Valentijn talked about hearing "some Javanese lasses sing to the sound of a gong and a tifa (i.e. drum) and of a native zither...a large number of gongs and tifas."{{cite book |author= Jaap Kunst |title=Music in Java, Its history, its theory and its technique, 3rd edition |volume=1 |publisher= Martinus Nijhoff |place= The Hague |page=114}}

Instruments

=Tifa=

The tifa drums used for the tifa totobuang have been classed into five sizes. These include, from smallest to largest:{{cite book |title= 21st Century Innovation in Music Education: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of the Music Education Community (INTERCOME 2018), October 25-26, 2018, Yogyakarta, Indonesia |author1= Kun Setyaning Astuti |author2= Gary G. McPherson |author3= Bambang Sugeng |author4= Nila Kurniasari |author5= Tutut Herawan |author6= Christopher Drake |author7= Ashadi |author8= Endah Retnowati |author9= Adi Cilik Pierewan |publisher= Routledge |date= 27 November 2019 |page= 443 }}

tifa jekir
tifa dasar (basic tifa)
tifa potong
tifa jekir potong
tifa bas (bass tifa)

Each size of instrument has a different sound, and they are blended together in the orchestra. Different images and videos of the tifas being played show them drummed with empty hands, with sticks and with a combination of the two.

=Totobuang=

The totobuang is a set of gong chimes. Photos show the instrument in more than one configuration. One is laid out the same as the bonang, in two equal rows.{{cite web |title = Tifa totobuang "Soulutuhua" Naku |author= Uru Walu|url= https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=oo5rIqmHdkQ |quote= [https://web.archive.org/web/20210208140754/https://i.ytimg.com/vi/oo5rIqmHdkQ/maxresdefault.jpg Photo showing 16 gong totobonang and a variety of tifa drums.]}} Other images show a square pattern of 9 or 16 gong chimes.

Jaap Kunst, a musicologist who wrote about Javanese music, said that totobuang was probably another word for bonang which could be used for any instrument played with a hammer.

Sawat dance

The tifa totobuang played music oriented toward Christians, up until 2000, when there were riots in Ambon.{{cite web|author= Phosphone/IndonesiaKaya |title= Harmonisasi Budaya Dalam Alunan Nada Tifa Totobuang [translation:Cultural Harmonization in Tifa Totobuang's Strains] |url= https://www.indonesiakaya.com/jelajah-indonesia/detail/harmonisasi-budaya-dalam-alunan-nada-tifa-totobuang}} After that, the instrument began to play in cultural events with more "Islamic and Malay nuances." The Sawat dance is associated with traders, Arabs who traded in the "Al-Muluk peninsula". The Lenso is a dance from Christian areas, backed by tambourines, drums, or tifa totobuang. The two were deliberately combined into the modern Sawat by a group of women who wanted to dance together. The result is a modern product that combines two of the country's separate arts, one music and one dance.

Gallery

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Muzikanten tijdens het bespelen van een totobuang en trommen Amahusu TMnr 20018273.jpg|Musicians playing totobuang gong chimes and tifa drums at Amahusu.

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Het bespelen van een trom tijdens touwtrekwedstrijden in Ullath TMnr 20018285.jpg|Musician playing tifa drum during tug-of-war matches at Ullath.

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van een muzikant tijdens het bespelen van een trom Amahusu TMnr 20018274.jpg|Musician's playing tifa drum at Amahusu.

References

External links

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMuUuCGJN7Q Video: a tifa totobuang ensemble playing in an indoor setting, showing both totobuang chimes and tifa drums.]
[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=fi6kaNWVCwM Video: a tifa totobuang ensemble playing in an outdoor setting, showing both totobuang chimes and tifa drums.]
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/mitch-velvet/2169156963/in/photolist-ah47aU-g3MGoi-gmcWJF-g3MLvN-g3MPbf-g3MJg6-g3QsCr-gmcZPi-gmcuDX-gmciGq-gmcix7-eeqnhX-9efh81-9efhqG-4AWVne-9efhJj-9eS7N8-aLbVqn-dRVauh-g3MKs4-kUHnss-gmccRC-owiha9-e7vCpE-2ie89mp-ZkuThy-2ie4LCM-g3Qvyf-e7w1t8-gmd1ga-2gfuxLH-4iFuMZ-K4eLya-bBUVuj-2gqa9GL-5aEtFc-5aEtHi-4aXxWp-4b2yXo-4b2zau-4aXxFX-4aXxMX-4b2z3Y-4aXxSZ-5aEtDi-4b2yYY-5aEtBe-5aJLxE-5aJKdE-5aEuZz Photo: example of a large tifa drum.]
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/willyf/2081756877/in/photolist-ah47aU-g3MGoi-gmcWJF-g3MLvN-g3MPbf-g3MJg6-g3QsCr-gmcZPi-gmcuDX-gmciGq-gmcix7-eeqnhX-9efh81-9efhqG-4AWVne-9efhJj-9eS7N8-aLbVqn-dRVauh-g3MKs4-kUHnss-gmccRC-owiha9-e7vCpE-2ie89mp-ZkuThy-2ie4LCM-g3Qvyf-e7w1t8-gmd1ga-2gfuxLH-4iFuMZ-K4eLya-bBUVuj-2gqa9GL-5aEtFc-5aEtHi-4aXxWp-4b2yXo-4b2zau-4aXxFX-4aXxMX-4b2z3Y-4aXxSZ-5aEtDi-4b2yYY-5aEtBe-5aJLxE-5aJKdE-5aEuZz Photo: example of smaller tifa drums]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=485TANZcmpw Video. Students playing a different configuration of totobuang gong chimes in 4 rows.]
[https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/men-playing-totobuang-and-tifas-picture-id496197991?k=6&m=496197991&s=612x612&w=0&h=v1BSgBkdS8lIr9qFsW3_q6DaQb4WVquhA41djQBuKtQ= Photo: Totobuang gong chimes (front), tifa drums (back)] in Banda Neira, Maluku, Indonesia.
[https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/woman-playing-totobuang-picture-id496197995?k=6&m=496197995&s=170667a&w=0&h=gYSQw-Dz1l6d-C9eMOQJPR3btkIj-xpOH12MYx9sQ6A= Photo: woman playing totobuang gong chimes] in Banda Neira, Maluku, Indonesia.

Category:Indonesian musical instruments

Category:Music of Indonesia