transgender tipping point
{{Short description|Term describing visibility of transgender people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
File:Time_-_The_Transgender_Tipping_Point.webp, featuring a full-body photo of Laverne Cox by Peter Hapak.]]
The "transgender tipping point" is a term used to describe a rise in the prevalence and visibility of transgender people in popular culture which took place in the early 2010s. The phrase was coined in the title of a cover article in the May 2014 issue of Time magazine which featured then up-and-coming transgender actress Laverne Cox.
The term initially implied a tipping point toward a new era of social progress in terms of transgender representation which followed a moment at which transgender people gained enough critical mass to do so.{{Sfn|Chen|2019|p=3}} Commentators, such as Nat Raha have since rejected the term, even calling it "trans liberalism" (which argues that trans people must have rights in order to participate in sociopolitical culture and be recognized as human), as false due to a perceived backlash against transgender visibility since the cover was published, which Cox herself has described as "genocidal".
Background
Actress Laverne Cox had become well known for her role as Sophia Burset in the Netflix show Orange Is the New Black, becoming the first transgender black woman to have a leading role on a mainstream US television show. She had won several awards for her work. The Guardian has speculated that social media backlash to the non-inclusion of Cox in the Time 100 in April that year, through the hashtag #whereisLaverneCox, may have been a reason for the cover's existence.{{Cite news |last=Holpuch |first=Amanda |date=2014-05-29 |title=Laverne Cox heralds 'transgender tipping point' on cover of Time |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/may/29/laverne-cox-transgernder-time-magazine |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
Despite Cox being featured prominently on the cover, the article does not mention anything significant about Cox's aesthetic journey as an actress and blatantly overlooks the racial dynamics in the politics of trans visibility. Instead, the author focuses on the familiar victimized and medicalized archives of trans people, presenting statistics and definitions.
''Time'' cover and article
The phrase was coined in the title of a cover article in the June 9, 2014 issue of Time magazine,{{Sfn|Chen|2019|p=1}} written by Katy Steinmetz.{{Sfn|Zottola|2021|p=160}} The cover of the issue featured a full-body portrait of transgender actress Laverne Cox,{{Sfn|Fischer|2019|p=1}} who had recently risen to fame due to her role in the Netflix show Orange Is the New Black.{{Cite magazine |last=Mendez II |first=Moises |date=2023-02-28 |title=Laverne Cox on What's Changed Since the 'Transgender Tipping Point' |url=https://time.com/6258454/laverne-cox-interview-transgender-tipping-point-cover/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |magazine=Time |language=en}} On the cover, she looks boldly at the viewer as she stands in a tall, elegant stance. Distinct from other covers of the magazine, her head appears in place of part of the '
The cover article, titled "The Transgender Tipping Point", describes how the year initiated a new era of the popular awareness of transgender people,{{Cite news |last=Abeni |first=Cleis |date=6 October 2015 |title=Zackary Drucker and Hari Nef Push Beyond 'Trans Tipping Point' on Good Cover |url=https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/10/06/zackary-drucker-and-hari-nef-push-beyond-trans-tipping-point-good-cover |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608061756/https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2015/10/06/zackary-drucker-and-hari-nef-push-beyond-trans-tipping-point-good-cover |archive-date=2024-06-08 |access-date=2024-11-10 |work=The Advocate}} discusses the transgender rights movement more generally, and contains quotes from an interview with Cox.{{Cite magazine |last=Steinmetz |first=Katy |date=29 May 2014 |title=The Transgender Tipping Point |url=https://time.com/135480/transgender-tipping-point/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |magazine=Time |volume=183 |issue=22 |issn=0040-781X}} One year before the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States, Steinmetz argues in her article that the transgender rights movement would represent a new era in social progress.{{Cite web |last=Rascouët-Paz |first=Anna |date=29 March 2024 |title=Time Magazine Published This 'Transgender Tipping Point' Cover in 2014? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/time-magazine-transgender/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906225331/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/time-magazine-transgender/ |archive-date=2024-09-06 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=Snopes}}
Responses
= Immediate responses =
The words "transgender tipping point" were repeated in several news outlets over the course of 2014, including by The Washington Post.{{Cite news |last=Rosenberg |first=Alyssa |date=2014-08-30 |title=The conclusion to 'Tales of the City' and the transgender tipping point |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/08/20/the-conclusion-to-tales-of-the-city-and-the-transgender-tipping-point/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |newspaper=The Washington Post}} Jane Fae of The Guardian argued that year that "An unstoppable impulse is about to sweep away traditional ideas of gender – and we'll all benefit."{{Cite news |last=Fae |first=Jane |date=2014-05-30 |title=We're at a tipping point for transgender equality |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/30/tipping-point-transgender-equality |access-date=2024-10-20 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}} Laurie Penny of the New Statesman attributed the increase of transgender visibility to the coming out of various transgender celebrities and the ability of social media to connect previously isolated individuals into forming communities.{{Cite magazine |last=Penny |first=Laurie |date=24 June 2014 |title=Laurie Penny on trans rights: What the "transgender tipping point" really means |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/welfare/2014/06/laurie-penny-what-transgender-tipping-point-really-means |access-date=2024-11-10 |magazine=New Statesman}}
= Long-term responses =
Jian Neo Chen said in 2019 that the term drew from sociological, biological and technological popular theories. He stated that "the concept of the 'tipping point' attempt[ed] to absorb the gains won by trans justice movements into a 'free' market populist vision of social change in which the particular interests of a minority group circulate[d] just enough and under the right conditions to overtake or even 'infect' the majority." He said this was an incorrect approach as it "cancel[led] out the struggles, courage, labor, and creativity of social justice movement building to instead credit what is believed to be automated natural laws internal to American populism." {{Sfn|Chen|2019|p=3}}
In 2022, Danya Lagos in the American Journal of Sociology analysed US cohorts of the public born between 1935 and 2001 to determine whether there had been a "transgender tipping point" in regard to demographics. They found that respondents born after 1984 were "significantly more likely to identify as transgender or gender nonconforming than respondents in earlier cohorts", but that this varied "along lines of sex assigned at birth, race/ethnicity, and college attendance" which sometimes contrasted with media representation, and that there had been no singular "tipping point" but instead a gradual increase.{{Cite journal |last=Lagos |first=Danya |date=2022-07-01 |title=Has There Been a Transgender Tipping Point? Gender Identification Differences in U.S. Cohorts Born between 1935 and 2001 |journal=American Journal of Sociology |language=en |volume=128 |issue=1 |pages=94–143 |doi=10.1086/719714 |issn=0002-9602 |pmc=10569496 |pmid=37829183}}
Critics of the term have argued that while transfeminine people were represented as part of the "tipping point", transmasculine people were not included.{{Cite web |last=Haug |first=Oliver |date=2022-06-17 |title=Transmasculine Actors Are Still Waiting for Their "Tipping Point" |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/transmasculine-representation-television/ |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=Vice |language=en-US}} Trans scholar Evelyn Deshane said there were "caveats to this tipping point acceptance" in 2017, including that transgender people "must look and act in certain ways" in order to be accepted. She also stated that the term had "no substance" as "we want to believe that we—along with our political systems and social circumstances—can change overnight," and that the term perpetuated the binary of "progress/failure".{{Cite journal |last=Deshane |first=Evelyn |date=2017 |title=A Trans Tipping Point |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/703954 |journal=ESC: English Studies in Canada |language=en |volume=43 |issue=2-3 |pages=117–119 |doi=10.1353/esc.2017.0019 |issn=1913-4835|url-access=subscription }}
Although the increased visibility generated support among the public, some have argued that the increase also triggered a backlash against transgender people and the movement for transgender rights.{{Cite news |last=Gill-Peterson |first=Jules |date=31 March 2021 |title=This Anti-Trans Moment Demands More Than Representation |url=https://www.them.us/story/tdov-travs-visibility-is-a-double-edged-sword |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603023720/https://www.them.us/story/tdov-travs-visibility-is-a-double-edged-sword |archive-date=2023-06-03 |access-date=2024-11-10 |work=Them}}{{cite news |title=Greater transgender visibility hasn't helped nonbinary people – like me |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/13/greater-transgender-visibility-hasnt-helped-nonbinary-people-like-me |date=13 October 2015 |work=The Guardian |last1=Vaid-Menon |first1=Alok |access-date=2024-11-10 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite magazine |last=Doyle |first=Jude Ellison S. |date=30 May 2024 |title=10 years since the 'transgender tipping point' |url=https://xtramagazine.com/culture/trans-tipping-point-time-ten-years-265622 |access-date=2024-11-10 |magazine=Xtra Magazine |issn=0829-3384}} In 2024, Jude Doyle of Xtra Magazine argued that transgender rights had in fact significantly diminished in the ten years since the "tipping point". In 2023, Cox commented on the then upcoming ten-year anniversary of her inclusion on the cover of Time, stating that "we are at the height of the backlash against trans visibility. We have way more people who are educated about trans folks, but there’s also been a rigorous misinformation media machine," further describing that "The backlash is ferocious. It’s genocidal."{{Cite magazine |last=Mendez II |first=Moises |date=2023-02-28 |title=Laverne Cox on What's Changed Since the 'Transgender Tipping Point' |url=https://time.com/6258454/laverne-cox-interview-transgender-tipping-point-cover/ |access-date=2024-10-17 |magazine=Time |language=en}}
References
= Bibliography =
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- {{Cite book |last=Chen |first=Jian Neo |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/on1013513281 |title=Trans exploits: trans of color cultures and technologies in movement |date=2019 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-1-4780-0066-2 |series=ANIMA |location=Durham; London |oclc=on1013513281 |language=en}}
- {{Cite book |last=Fischer |first=Mia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1FKwDwAAQBAJ |title=Terrorizing Gender: Transgender Visibility and the Surveillance Practices of the U.S. Security State |date=1 November 2019 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-1-4962-0674-9 |language=en}}
- {{Cite book |last=Zottola |first=Angela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9kOEAAAQBAJ |title=Transgender Identities in the Press: A Corpus-based Discourse Analysis |date=28 January 2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-350-09755-1 |language=en}}
{{refend}}