tree (command)
{{Short description|Shell command in various operating systems}}
{{lowercase title}}
{{Infobox software
| name = tree
| logo =
| screenshot = ReactOS-0.4.13 tree command 667x434.png
| screenshot size =
| caption = The ReactOS tree command
| developer = Steve Baker, DR, Microsoft, IBM, Itautec, Datalight, Toshiba, Dave Dunfield, Asif Bahrainwala
| released =
| latest release version =
| latest release date =
| programming language = Unix-like, FreeDOS, ReactOS: C
| operating system = Unix, Unix-like, MS-DOS, PC DOS, FlexOS, SISNE plus, ROM-DOS, 4690 OS, PTS-DOS, OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, Windows, DR DOS, FreeDOS, ReactOS
| platform = Cross-platform
| genre = Command
| license = Unix, Unix-like, FreeDOS, ReactOS: GPLv2
| website =
}}
In computing, tree is a recursive directory listing command or program that produces a depth-indented listing of files. Originating in PC- and MS-DOS, it is found in Digital Research FlexOS,{{cite book|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf|title=FlexOS User's Guide|edition=Version 1.3|date=November 1986|publisher=Digital Research|id=1073-2003-001|access-date=2018-09-16|archive-date=2019-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925131719/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf|url-status=dead}} IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS,{{Cite web |title=Users Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/4690OSV6r2UsersGuide/page/n169 |website=archive.org}}{{dead link|date=May 2024}} PTS-DOS,
{{cite web |title=PTS-DOS 2000 Pro User Manual |publisher=Paragon Technology GmbH |location=Buggingen, Germany |date=1999 |url=http://download.paragon-software.com/doc/manual_dos_eng.pdf |access-date=2018-05-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512094512/http://download.paragon-software.com/doc/manual_dos_eng.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-12}} FreeDOS,{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/group-base.html|title=FreeDOS group -- FreeDOS Base|work=FreeDOS on ibiblio.org}} IBM OS/2,{{cite web|url=http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#TREE|title=JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands|access-date=2019-07-27|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414130029/http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#TREE|url-status=dead}} Microsoft Windows,{{cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tree|title=Tree|website=Microsoft Docs|date=3 February 2023 }} and ReactOS. A version for Unix and Unix-like systems is also available.
The tree command is frequently used as part of a technical support scam, where the command is used to occupy the command prompt screen, while the scammer, pretending to be technical support, types additional text that is supposed to look like output of the command.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/featured/the-world-of-the-technical-support-scam/|title=The World of the Technical Support Scam|date=2016-11-09|website=The State of Security|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-29}}
Overview
With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current directory. When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the files or directories found in the given directories each in turn. Upon completion of listing all files and directories found, tree returns the total number of files and directories listed. There are options to change the characters used in the output, and to use color output.{{man|1|tree|die.net}}
The command is available in MS-DOS versions 3.2 and later and IBM PC DOS releases 2 and later.{{Cite book|author-last=Wolverton|author-first=Van|title=Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition|date=2003|publisher=Microsoft Press|isbn=0-7356-1812-7}} Digital Research DR DOS 6.0,[https://www.4corn.co.uk/archive/docs/DR%20DOS%206.0%20User%20Guide-opt.pdf DR DOS 6.0 User Guide Optimisation and Configuration Tips] Itautec SISNE plus,{{cite web |author=Itautec |author-link=Itautec |date=2015-05-14 |title=SISNE plus - Referência Sumária |trans-title=SISNE plus - Quick Reference Manual |url=https://datassette.org/manuais/ibm-pc/sisne-plus-referencia-sumaria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211058/https://datassette.org/manuais/ibm-pc/sisne-plus-referencia-sumaria |archive-date=2019-09-28 |access-date=2020-01-12 |work=Datassette |language=pt |id=COD 23987-01-4}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190928211109/http://files3.datassette.org/manuais/sisne_plus_referencia_sumaria.pdf] (86 pages) and Datalight ROM-DOS{{Cite web|url=https://www.datalight.com/assets/files/ROM-DOS_Users_Guide.pdf|title=Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide|website=www.datalight.com}} include an implementation of the {{code|tree}} command.
The Tree Command for Linux was developed by Steve Baker.{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Steve |title=Home - Old Man Programmer |url=https://oldmanprogrammer.net/source.php?dir=projects/tree |access-date=2024-01-26}} The FreeDOS version was developed by Dave Dunfield{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/tree.html|title= FreeDOS Package -- Tree (FreeDOS Base)|work=FreeDOS on ibiblio.org}} and the ReactOS version was developed by Asif Bahrainwala.{{GitHub|https://github.com/reactos/reactos/blob/master/base/applications/cmdutils/tree/tree.c}} All three implementations are licensed under the GNU General Public License.
The Tree command is also available in macOS as a formula installed via the command line Homebrew package manager.{{cite web|url=https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/tree|title=Homebrew - Tree (Formala)|work=Homebrew|access-date=2024-05-14}}
Example
$ tree path/to/folder/
path/to/folder/
├── a-first.html
├── b-second.html
├── subfolder
│ ├── readme.html
│ ├── code.cpp
│ └── code.h
└── z-last-file.html
1 directories, 6 files
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{Cite book|author-last=Cooper|author-first=Jim|title=Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22, Third Edition|date=2001|publisher=Que Publishing|isbn=978-0789725738}}
- {{Cite book|author1=Kathy Ivens|author2=Brian Proffit|year=1993|title=OS/2 Inside & Out|publisher=Osborne McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0078818714}}
- {{Cite book|author=John Paul Mueller|year=2007|title=Windows Administration at the Command Line for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0470165799}}
External links
{{Wikibooks|Guide to Windows Commands}}
- [http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/ The Tree Command for Linux Homepage] [https://gitlab.com/OldManProgrammer/unix-tree New repository]
- [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/tree tree | Microsoft Docs]
{{Unix commands}}
{{Windows commands}}
Category:External DOS commands