undisputed championship (boxing)#Unified championship

{{Main|List of undisputed world boxing champions}}

Prior to the 1960s, most champions were "undisputed",{{cite book|last=Morrison|first=Ian|title=The Guinness World Championship Boxing book|publisher=Guinness Publishing|year=1990|pages=126–137|isbn=0-85112-900-5}} although the term was rarely used (it does not appear in one 1970 Boxing Dictionary).{{cite book|last=Avis|first=Frederick Compton|title=Boxing Dictionary|year=1970|edition=2nd|isbn=0-211-26839-9 |page=141}} Early boxing champions at various weight divisions were established by acclamation between 1880 and 1920. Once a consensus champion had been awarded the title, the championship could usually be taken only by beating the reigning holder, establishing a lineal championship.

The New York State Athletic Commission (NYSAC) recognized champions from its foundation in 1920.Morrison, pp.14–15 The National Boxing Association (NBA) was founded by other U.S. state bodies in 1921, and began recognising champions in 1927. Until the 1960s, both usually recognised the same lineal champion. However, disputes could arise if the champion retired or moved to a different weight class. Occasionally, the International Boxing Union (renamed the European Boxing Union in 1946) recognised a different champion. The disputes were usually short-lived as a lucrative fight would be organised between the rival champions. The longest split was ten years, of the middleweight title, between Mickey Walker's move up to heavyweight in 1931 and NBA champion Tony Zale's defeat of NYSAC contender Georgie Abrams in 1941.{{cite book |last1=Fleischer |first1=Nat |author-link1=Nat Fleischer |last2=Andre |first2=Sam |others=rev. Nat Loubet, Gilbert Odd, Peter Arnold, Nigel Collins |title=A pictorial history of boxing |publisher=Hamlyn |year=1998 |orig-year=1959 |pages=230–235 |isbn=0-600-59521-8}} An early use of "undisputed" appears in a New York Times preview of the 1941 fight.{{cite news |last=Dawson |first=James P. |title=Phelan to check on title rivals |date=25 November 1941 |work=New York Times |page=34 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/11/25/archives/phelan-to-check-on-title-rivals-boxing-official-to-see-zale-and.html?sq=undisputed+boxing&scp=15&st=p |access-date=2008-11-20}}

The growing popularity of boxing outside of the U.S. led to creation of various boxing organizations, each strengthening their influence{{snd}}most notably the British Boxing Board of Control (BBBofC){{snd}}and having their own champion. This resulted in a growing number of boxers claiming to be legitimate champions. The disruption in boxing was solved after World War II when the World Championship Committee (WCC) was created with NBA as its unanimous authority. The committee, however, was disbanded in 1955 when NBA, along with its new members (which included the Orient, Mexican and South American federations and boxing commissions of the Philippines and Thailand) left WCC citing lack of control over the organisation. The NBA's voting scheme guaranteed one vote for each state commission as well as one vote for each foreign country.[https://reveille.dlconsulting.com/cgi-bin/reveille?a=d&d=RV196411.1.23# Reveille vol. 38, Nov. 4, 1964 (p. 23)]James B. Roberts, Alexander G. Skutt: The Boxing Register: International Boxing Hall of Fame Official Record Book (p. 50) On August 23, 1962, the NBA officially became the World Boxing Association and moved their headquarters to Panama City, Panama.

A year later NYSAC along with European Boxing Union and BBBofC supported creation of the World Boxing Council. WBC was officially established on February 14, 1963, in Mexico City, Mexico by 11 countries (the U.S., Argentina, U.K., France, Mexico, Philippines, Panama, Chile, Peru, Venezuela and Brazil) that were invited by the President of Mexico Adolfo López Mateos to form an international organization to unify all commissions of the world to control the expansion of boxing.{{cite web |url=http://wbcboxing.com/wbceng/about-wbc/21-cmb/90-historia |title=History of the WBC |publisher=World Boxing Council |access-date=2017-10-11}} The reason for the move were concerns about WBA's alleged lack of desire to support professional boxing outside of the U.S..John Sugden: Boxing and Society: An International Analysis (p. 49)

In April 1983, members of United States Boxing Association along with Robert W. Lee (a former WBA vice-president) voted to expand the organisation and form the USBA-International. The organization later changed the name to International Boxing Federation.{{cite web |url=http://www.ibfusbaregistration.com/ibfusba_02APR2014/index.php/about/history-of-ibf |title=History of IBF/USBA |publisher=International Boxing Federation |access-date=2017-10-11}} The inaugural IBF heavyweight champion was Larry Holmes, who relinquished the WBC title to accept IBF's recognition, thus helping the newly formed organization to establish its legitimacy.

{{cite web|url=http://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/index.php?pg=2|title=IBF/USBA History|publisher=IBF|access-date=2008-11-15}}

The fragmentation of titles was thus increased. After some negotiations, the heavyweight title was unified in the heavyweight unification series, a series of coordinated bouts in 1986 and 1987, with Mike Tyson emerging as the first undisputed champion (WBA, WBC, and IBF) since Leon Spinks in 1978.

{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3D81E3CF931A3575BC0A961948260|title=Tyson undisputed and unanimous titlist|last=Berger|first=Phil|date=August 2, 1987|work=New York Times|access-date=2008-11-14}} The title was split again in 1992 when Riddick Bowe forfeited the WBC title.

Another major sanctioning body, the World Boxing Organization, was established in 1988 in San Juan, Puerto Rico by a group of local businessmen. At the beginnings, when most of the challengers for WBA, WBC, and IBF titles were Americans, WBO had a wider variety of countries, mainly European, represented in title bouts. Before the Klitschko Era, the United Kingdom tied the United States for most wins in WBO heavyweight title fights with eight.former champion Michael Bentt holds both British and American citizenship. In 1997, WBO titlist Naseem Hamed was allowed to unify titles for the first time in WBO history; on February 8, he defeated Tom Johnson to become unified WBO and IBF featherweight champion. By 2001, the WBA was giving the same recognition to WBO champions as to WBA, WBC, and IBF champions.

{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011119165718/http://wbaonline.com/wchampionships/SuperChampionship.htm |archive-date=2001-11-19 |url=http://www.wbaonline.com/wchampionships/SuperChampionship.htm |title=Super championships guidelines |publisher=WBA |access-date=2008-11-14}} In 2004, the WBC began naming WBO champions on its ranking listings.Compare
{{cite web |url=http://www.wbcboxing.com/WBCboxing/Portal/cfpages/contentmgr.cfm?docId=107&docTipo=4&orderby=docid&sortby=ASC |title=WBC Bantamweight Ratings (incl. WBO) |publisher=WBC |access-date=2008-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040803120516/http://www.wbcboxing.com/WBCboxing/Portal/cfpages/contentmgr.cfm?docId=107&docTipo=4&orderby=docid&sortby=ASC |archive-date=2004-08-03}} and
{{cite web |url=http://www.wbcboxing.com/WBCboxing/Portal/cfpages/contentmgr.cfm?docId=107&docTipo=4&orderby=docid&sortby=ASC |title=WBC Bantamweight Ratings (excl. WBO) |publisher=WBC |access-date=2008-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040204000015/http://www.wbcboxing.com/WBCboxing/Portal/cfpages/contentmgr.cfm?docId=107&docTipo=4&orderby=docid&sortby=ASC |archive-date=2004-02-04}} The IBF did not recognise the WBO in May 2006,{{cite web |url=http://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/userfiles/File/rules%20governing%20championship%20contests%20May%202006.pdf |title=IBF/USBA Rules Governing Championship Contests |date=May 2006 |work=pp.10–11 |quote=For the purpose of unification of titles, the Champions of the World Boxing Association ("WBA") and the World Boxing Council ("WBC") may be designated as "elite contenders" and may be permitted to fight for the unified title. Unification bouts with other organizations will be considered on a case to case basis. |publisher=IBF |access-date=2008-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021120158/http://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/userfiles/File/rules%20governing%20championship%20contests%20May%202006.pdf |archive-date=2014-10-21 |url-status=dead }} but was doing so by February 2007.{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202042341/http://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/ |url=http://www.ibf-usba-boxing.com/ |title=IBF Ratings |date=February 2007 |publisher=IBF |access-date=2008-11-15 |archive-date=2007-02-02}} Conversely, the WBO has been explicitly recognizing the other three sanctioning bodies since at least October 1, 2008.{{cite book |url=http://www.wbo-int.com/revised/08.10.01%20WBO%20Rules.pdf |title=Regulations of World Championship Contests |edition=Effective October 1, 2008 |publisher=WBO |page=8 |chapter=§7 unification bouts and unification tournaments as mandatory title bouts |access-date=2008-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716094249/http://www.wbo-int.com/revised/08.10.01%20WBO%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}

Until at least 2008, many considered it sufficient to hold the WBA, WBC, and IBF titles.

{{cite web|url=http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/3224/waiting-zab-judah/|title=Waiting for Zab Judah|last=Cox|first=Jesse K.|date=January 19, 2006|work=thesweetscience.com|access-date=2008-11-14|quote=the undisputed welterweight champion of the world – owner of the IBF, WBC and WBA belts|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516095208/http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/3224/waiting-zab-judah/|archive-date=May 16, 2007}}

{{cite news|url=http://www2.tbo.com/content/2008/feb/01/sp-campbell-ready-to-put-on-show/|title=Campbell Ready To Put On Show|last=Daniels|first=Eddie|date=February 1, 2008|work=Tampa Tribune|access-date=2008-11-14 |quote="Antonio Tarver has made his quest to add to his IBO light heavyweight title a playoff-like system. / "Right now, my goal is three fights, three belts, undisputed by the end of the year," Tarver said. / Round 1 begins April 12 against Clinton Woods at the St. Pete Times Forum. According to Tarver, he'll take Woods' IBF lightweight title, then he's going after Danny Green's WBA light heavyweight belt. After that, he'll take on the winner of the Chad Dawson-Glen Johnson fight, which on the undercard of his bout with Woods, for the WBC belt."}}

{{cite web |last1=Shields |first1=Ronnie |last2=Jones |first2=Robert |title=Interview with Evander Holyfield's Trainer Ronnie Shields |work=fightnightnews.com |url=http://www.fightnightnews.com/ronnie_shields_interview.html |access-date=2008-11-14 |quote=He wants to be undisputed, so that means he's got three belts out there that he wants. WBA, WBC, and IBF, those are the titles he wants. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526034636/http://www.fightnightnews.com/ronnie_shields_interview.html |archive-date=May 26, 2008}}

Other bodies such as the IBO, IBU, and World Boxing Foundation are disregarded.

Only eleven men have held all four versions of the belts at the same time, three of whom have been the only male boxers to have done so in two divisions.

1. Bernard Hopkins unified all four middleweight titles in September 2004.{{ref |WBO|[*]}}
2. Jermain Taylor won all four middleweight titles from Hopkins in July 2005.{{ref |WBO|[*]}}
3. Terence Crawford unified all four titles in two weight classes—light welterweight in August 2017 and welterweight in July 2023.
4. Oleksandr Usyk unified all four titles in two weight classes—cruiserweight in July 2018 and heavyweight in May 2024.
5. Josh Taylor unified all four light welterweight titles in May 2021.
6. Canelo Álvarez unified all four super middleweight titles in November 2021.
7. Jermell Charlo unified all four light middleweight titles in May 2022.
8. Devin Haney unified all four lightweight titles in June 2022.
9. Naoya Inoue unified all four titles in two weight classes—bantamweight in December 2022 and super bantamweight in December 2023.
10. Artur Beterbiev unified all four light heavyweight titles in October 2024.
11. Dmitry Bivol won all four light heavyweight titles from Beterbiev in February 2025.

Only eleven women have held all four versions of the belts at the same time, two have done so in two divisions.

1. Cecilia Brækhus unified all four welterweight titles in September 2014.
2. Claressa Shields unified all four titles in two weight classes—middleweight in April 2019 and light middleweight in May 2021.
3. Katie Taylor unified all four lightweight titles in June 2019 and won all four light welterweight titles from Chantelle Cameron in November 2023.
4. Jessica McCaskill won all four welterweight titles from Brækhus in August 2020.
5. Franchón Crews-Dezurn unified all four super middleweight titles in April 2022.
6. Chantelle Cameron unified all four light welterweight titles in November 2022.
7. Amanda Serrano unified all four featherweight titles in February 2023.
8. Alycia Baumgardner unified all four super featherweight titles in February 2023.
9. Savannah Marshall won all four super middleweight titles from Crews-Dezurn in July 2023.
10. Seniesa Estrada unified all four minimumweight titles in March 2024.
11. Gabriela Fundora unified all four flyweight titles in November 2024.

As of January 2024, there have been forty fights with all four belts on the line.

If a fighter wins all the titles but is stripped by one organization of its title, he may continue to be considered the undisputed champion.

Roy Jones Jr. was called the undisputed light heavyweight champion after unifying the WBA, WBC, and IBF titles in June 1999.{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Timothy W. |title=BOXING; Roy Jones Becomes Undisputed Champion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/06/sports/boxing-roy-jones-becomes-undisputed-champion.html |access-date=18 May 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=6 June 1999}} He was later awarded The Ring championship title. However, two of those titles (WBA and IBF) had been stripped from Dariusz Michalczewski, who had unified them with his WBO title by beating the lineal champion Virgil Hill in June 1997 and subsequently remained unbeaten, defending his remaining title, until his first loss in October 2003.{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/lheavy.htm|title=The Lineal Light Heavyweight Champions|publisher=The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia}} Speaking of Jones' claim to being undisputed champion, one writer opined that the distinction "could just as easily belong to current WBO titleist Dariusz Michalczewski."{{cite news|url=http://maxboxing.com/Kim/kim092602.asp|title=The Disputed Light Heavyweight Champion of the World|date=September 26, 2002|publisher=Max Boxing|access-date=2008-11-15|author=Steve Kim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714051808/http://maxboxing.com/Kim/kim092602.asp|archive-date=July 14, 2011|url-status=dead}}

Five months after Lennox Lewis unified the WBA, WBC, and IBF titles to become the undisputed heavyweight champion, a U.S. Federal Judge ruled that Lewis would be stripped by the WBA of their world championship belt for fighting Michael Grant instead of the association's #1 contender, John Ruiz. The fight took place on April 29, 2000. Lewis remained a unified world champion until April 22, 2001, when he was defeated by Hasim Rahman. He regained the WBC and IBF titles following victory over Rahman seven months later in a rematch. His reign as a unified world champion ended in September 2002, when he rejected the chance to fight the IBF's #1 contender, Chris Byrd, and was therefore stripped by the organisation of their belt. He retained his WBC title until his retirement in February 2004.

Jermain Taylor won all four middleweight titles from Bernard Hopkins in July 2005, but was stripped of the IBF title for agreeing to a rematch rather than fighting Sam Soliman.

{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/low/boxing/4334016.stm|title=Taylor drops IBF belt for Hopkins|date=12 October 2005|publisher=BBC News|access-date=2008-11-14}}

Nevertheless, he was still described as "undisputed champion" by some reports.

{{cite news|url=https://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?columnist=rafael_dan&id=2253841|title=Taylor-Wright might be a summer date|last=Raphael|first=Dan|date=December 9, 2005|work=ESPN.com|access-date=2008-11-14 |quote=Wright would rather be facing undisputed middleweight champ Jermain Taylor. }}

{{cite news|url=http://www.sportinglife.com/boxing/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=boxing/05/12/04/BOXING_Las_Vegas.html|title=Taylor retains undisputed title|work=Sporting Life|access-date=2008-11-14}}

After Joe Calzaghe's super middleweight victory over Mikkel Kessler in November 2007, he was frequently described as "undisputed champion".

{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2007-11-03-calzaghe-kessler_N.htm|title=Calzaghe beats Kessler to unify belts, eyes Hopkins|last=Johnson|first=Chuck|date=2007-11-03|work=USA Today|access-date=2008-11-10}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.secondsout.com/reports/index.cfm?ccs=529&cs=23157|title=Calzaghe Outboxes Kessler To Become Undisputed World Champion|publisher=SecondsOut.com|author=Paul Upham|date=November 4, 2007|access-date=2008-01-12}}

{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/boxing-battler-calzaghe-triumphs-against-kessler-398962.html|title=Battler Calzaghe triumphs against Kessler|last=Staniforth|first=Mark|date=4 November 2007 |work=The Independent on Sunday|publisher=PA Sport|access-date=2008-11-10 |quote=Joe Calzaghe was crowned undisputed world super-middleweight champion in Cardiff tonight}}

{{cite news|url=http://msnsport.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12183_2848876,00.html|title=Calzaghe the king in Cardiff Welshman wows his home crowd with points win over great Dane|date=4 November 2007|work=Sky Sports|access-date=2008-11-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112142224/http://msnsport.skysports.com/story/0,19528,12183_2848876,00.html|archive-date=12 January 2009}}

Others disputed this, because although he held the WBA, WBC, and WBO titles, he had vacated his IBF title in November 2006 for choosing to face Peter Manfredo Jr. as his next opponent instead of mandatory challenger Robert Stieglitz.

{{cite web|url=http://www.eastsideboxing.com/news.php?p=13117&more=1|title=Sharkie's Machine: Joe Calzaghe Too Slick For Mikkel Kessler|last=Gonzalez |first=Frank Jr. |date=November 3, 2007|work=eastsideboxing.com|access-date=2008-11-10 |quote=Joe Calzaghe, who is now the closest to being the undisputed Super Middleweight Champion of the World. (There's still the IBF Title if he's to have all four of the most recognized belts.) }}

{{cite news|url=http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/other_sports/boxing/view.bg?articleid=1043918 |title=Calzaghe's plans quickly Executed |last=Kimball |first=George|date=November 11, 2007|work=Boston Herald|access-date=2008-11-10 |quote=Lucien Bute, whose claim to the International Boxing Federation title is all that stands between the Welshman and undisputed world champion status }}

{{cite web|url=http://www.15rounds.com/darchinyan-keeps-promise-silences-critics/|title=Darchinyan keeps promise, silences critics|last=Swann |first=Michael|date=3 November 2008|work=15rounds.com|access-date=2008-11-14 |quote=Since when has holding the three major belts not been considered worthy of "undisputed?"}}

Teófimo López won the WBC Franchise lightweight title in addition to the WBA (Super), IBF, WBO and The Ring magazine titles after beating Vasiliy Lomachenko in October 2020, and was subsequently reported by some media outlets to be the youngest four-belt undisputed champion of all-time at the age of 23 years old;{{Cite web|date=2020-10-18|title=Lopez upsets Loma; youngest 4-belt champ ever|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/30137076/teofimo-lopez-upsets-vasiliy-lomachenko-become-youngest-four-belt-champion|access-date=2021-11-07|website=ESPN.com|language=en}} however, the WBC Franchise title is not universally recognized as a major world title.{{Cite web|title=Has the WBC's franchise champion brought clarity or confusion?|url=https://www.skysports.com/boxing/news/12183/11800795/has-the-wbcs-franchise-champion-brought-clarity-or-confusion|access-date=2021-11-07|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2019-06-28|title=Rafael: WBC's franchise title just doesn't make sense|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/boxing/story/_/id/27073915/wbc-franchise-title-just-make-sense|access-date=2021-11-07|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}

The unified champion is defined as a boxer that holds at least two world championships of major sanctioning bodies (WBA, WBC, IBF, or WBO) in their respective division.[https://web.archive.org/web/20180205000728/http://www.ibfusbaregistration.com/ibfusba_02APR2014/images/pdfs/IBFChampionshipContestRules0617.pdf] International Boxing Federation rules: governing championship contests[http://www.wbaboxing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/WBA-Rules-adopted-in-Bulgaria-6-11-15.pdf] World Boxing Association rules and regulations[http://www.wboboxing.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/130828-WBO-Regulations-of-World-Championship-Contests.pdf] World Boxing Organization: regulation of world championship contests Around 2004, the World Boxing Association recognized three different types: the unified champion (two-titles holder in the weight division or category, obliged to defend the title against WBA's No. 1 contender in 18 months periodically), the undisputed champion (three-title holder, mandatory defense against WBA's challenger in 21 months regularly), and the super champion (four-title holder, WBA's mandatory defense in 24 months periodically). The rules required only one unified/undisputed/super champion per weight class; the purse in the bid would be distributed in a 65/35 ratio in favor of the unified champion.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080626130921/http://www.wbaonline.com/legal/LegalStatements/worldchampionships.pdf]World Boxing Association rules and regulations, January 2004 However, along with the changes to "super" status (besides holding more than one title, the super titles were awarded to champions that were able to defend the WBA title 5 times), the term "undisputed" was dropped completely.

{{updated|April 12, 2025}}

Keys:

:{{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Undisputed champion

{{see also|List of current female world boxing champions}}

{{updated|May 14, 2024}}

Keys:

:{{Color box|gold|border=darkgray}} Undisputed champion

Keys:

:{{Color box|#B2FFFF|border=darkgray}} Active title reign

:{{Color box|transparent|border=darkgray}} Reign has ended

File:Wladimir Klitschko (2008-12-13).jpg

Keys:

:{{Color box|#B2FFFF|border=darkgray}} Active title reign

:{{Color box|transparent|border=darkgray}} Reign has ended

File:StangoAli.jpg

Tournaments have been arranged to unify the titles in a weight class.

• The HBO Heavyweight Boxing Series, held in 1986–88, crowned Mike Tyson as the undisputed heavyweight champion.
• World Boxing Super Series, held since 2017, produced Oleksandr Usyk as the undisputed cruiserweight champion.

{{Portal|Martial arts}}

• List of undisputed world boxing champions
• List of female undisputed world boxing champions
• List of current world boxing champions
• Lineal championship

:1.{{note|WBO||The WBO was not yet recognized as a major title at the time.}}

{{reflist|30em}}

{{World boxing champions}}

Category:Boxing terminology

Category:Boxing champions