vineyard style

When faced with designing a new home for the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra to replace Die alte Philharmonie, destroyed by bombing in 1944, architect Hans Scharoun observed that "people always gather in circles when listening to music informally". His design won the ensuing competition, with Herbert von Karajan writing to the judges "of all the designs submitted, one seems to stand out above the others... founded on the principle that the performers should be in the middle... the deployment of the walls certainly makes good sense acoustically, but the most impressive of all is the complete concentration of the listener on the musical event".{{cite book |title=Herbert von Karajan: A Life in Music |author=Osborne, Richard |publisher=Chatto & Windus |year=1998 |isbn=1-55553-425-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/herbertvonkaraja00rich/page/475 475f] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/herbertvonkaraja00rich/page/475 }}

Following the example of the Berliner Philharmonie, the first example in the New World was the Sala Nezahualcoyotl of 1976 in Mexico City.{{cite journal |url=http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v112/i5/p2255_s4?bypassSSO=1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708144211/http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v112/i5/p2255_s4?bypassSSO=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-08 |title=The first vineyard concert hall in North America |author1=Jaffe, Christopher |author2=Rivera, Carlos |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |publisher=Acoustical Society of America |volume=112 |issue=5 |pages=2255–2256 |year=2002 |bibcode=2002ASAJ..112.2255J |doi=10.1121/1.4778988 |url-access=subscription }} The style is now found globally. For the Philharmonie de Paris, the vineyard concept is extended with balconies rather than banked terraces.{{cite web |url=http://www.philharmoniedeparis.com/en/making-acoustic-choices-for-the-future-symphony-hall |title=Making acoustic choices for the future symphony hall |publisher=Philharmonie de Paris |access-date=5 March 2012}}

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Echoes occur when there is an audible gap between the direct sound and its reflection.{{cite book |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |editor=Sadie, Stanley |editor-link=Stanley Sadie |volume=1 |pages=70–97 |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-517067-2}} The walls surrounding the stage on which the seats are banked help provide the early reflections of sound from the side that are generally considered favourable.{{cite journal |url=http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v81/iS1/pS52_s2?bypassSSO=1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707115713/http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v81/iS1/pS52_s2?bypassSSO=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-07 |title=Early lateral reflections in modern concert halls |author=Cremer, Lothar |journal=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |publisher=Acoustical Society of America |volume=81 |issue=1 |pages=52 |year=1987 |bibcode=1987ASAJ...81...52F |doi=10.1121/1.2024280 |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }} Installation of acoustic reflectors is another way of solving the problem.{{cite journal |url=http://www.acoustics.asn.au/conference_proceedings/ICA2010/cdrom-ISRA2010/Papers/O1d.pdf |title=Stage acoustics for vineyard concert hall |author=Wei-hwa Chiang (et al.) |year=2010 |journal=Proceedings of the International Symposium on Room Acoustics, ISRA 2010}}

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• [http://www.philharmoniedeparis.com/en/making-acoustic-choices-for-the-future-symphony-hall 1:10 acoustic model of the Philharmonie de Paris]

Category:Concert halls