voiced palatal affricate
{{Short description|Consonantal sound}}
{{infobox IPA
|above=Voiced palatal affricate
|ipa number=108 (139)
|ipa symbol=ɟʝ
|decimal1=607
|decimal2=865
|decimal3=669
|x-sampa=J\_j\
}}
The voiced palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are {{angbr IPA|ɟ͡ʝ}} and {{angbr IPA|ɟ͜ʝ}}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\_j\. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding {{angbr IPA|ɟʝ}} in the IPA and J\j\ in X-SAMPA.
This sound is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.
It occurs in languages such as Albanian, and Skolt Sami, among others. The voiced palatal affricate is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe as a phoneme (it occurs as an allophone in most Spanish dialects), with the aforementioned Uralic languages and Albanian being exceptions. It usually occurs with its voiceless counterpart, the voiceless palatal affricate.
Features
Features of the voiced palatal affricate:
{{affricate}} It is not a sibilant.
{{palatal}}
{{voiced}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{pulmonic}}
Occurrence
| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language ! Word ! IPA ! Meaning ! Notes |
| Albanian
|Standard[http://seas3.elte.hu/VLlxx/siptar.html Palatal controversies Péter Siptár](2013) | gjë'' |align=center| {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʝə]}} | 'thing' | |
| Asturian
| Western dialects{{Cite web|url=http://elteixu.org/publicaciones/coleccion-de-cartografia-toponimica/tineu-mapa-del-conceyu/|title=Tinéu. Mapa del conceyu {{!}} El Teixu|language=ast|access-date=2019-11-24}} | muyyer | align="center" | {{IPA|[muˈɟ͡ʝeɾ]}} | 'woman' | Alternate evolution of -{{smallcaps|lj}}-, -{{smallcaps|c'l}}-, {{smallcaps|pl}}-, {{smallcaps|cl}}- and {{smallcaps|fl}}- in the Brañas Vaqueiras area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as {{IPAblink|c}} or {{IPAblink|c͡ç}} |
| colspan="2" |MakassareseJukes, Anthony, "Makassar" in K. Alexander Adelaar & Nikolaus Himmelmann, 2005, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar, pp. 649-682, London, Routledge {{ISBN|0-7007-1286-0}}
|jarang | align="center" |{{IPA|[ˈɟ͡ʝa.rãŋ]}} |'horse' |Phonemicized as {{IPA|/ɟ/}}. |
| Norwegian
| Central and Western dialects{{Harvcoltxt|Skjekkeland|1997|pp=96–100}} |{{lang|no|leggja}} | align="center" | {{IPA|[leɟ͡ja]}} |'lay' |See Norwegian phonology |
| colspan=2| Skolt Sami
| vuõˊlǧǧem |align=center| {{IPA|[vʲuɘlɟ͡ʝːɛm]}} | 'I leave' |Contrasts with {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}, {{IPAblink|ʒ}} and {{IPAblink|ʝ}}. See Skolt Sami language |
| Spanish
| Castilian{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=258}} | {{lang|no|yate}} |align=center| {{IPA|[ˈɟ͡jate̞]}} | 'yacht' | Occurs only in the onset. In free variation with the fricative/approximant /ʝ/ elsewhere. See Spanish phonology |
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{citation
|last1=Martínez-Celdrán
|first1=Eugenio
|last2=Fernández-Planas
|first2=Ana Ma.
|last3=Carrera-Sabaté
|first3=Josefina
|year=2003
|title=Castilian Spanish
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=33
|issue=2
|pages=255–259
|doi=10.1017/S0025100303001373
|url=https://www.academia.edu/11365507
|doi-access=free
}}
- {{citation
|last=Menéndez García
|first=Manuel
|title=El Cuarto de los Valles (Un habla del occidente astur)
|year=1965
|publisher=IDEA
|language=Spanish
|pages=147–148
}}
- {{citation
|last=Skjekkeland
|first=Martin
|title=Dei norske dialektane: Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla
|year=1997
|publisher=Høyskoleforlaget (Norwegian Academic Press)
|language=Norwegian
}}
{{refend}}