voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

Image:Alveolopalatal fricative.svg

Features of the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative:

{{sibilant}}

{{alveolo-palatal}}

{{voiceless}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

{{pulmonic}}

In British Received Pronunciation, {{IPA|/j/}} after syllable-initial {{IPA|/p, t, k/}} (as in Tuesday) is realized as a devoiced palatal fricative. The amount of devoicing is variable, but the fully voiceless variant tends to be alveolo-palatal {{IPA|[ɕ]}} in the {{IPA|/tj/}} sequence: {{audio-IPA|En-uk-Tuesday.ogg|[ˈt̺ʲɕuːzdeɪ]|help=no}}. It is a fricative, rather than a fricative element of an affricate because the preceding plosive remains alveolar, rather than becoming alveolo-palatal, as in Dutch.{{Harvcoltxt|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=172–173}}, {{Harvcoltxt|Cruttenden|2014|pp=229–231}}. The first source specifies the place of articulation of {{IPA|/j/}} after {{IPA|/t/}} as more front than the main allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}.

The corresponding affricate can be written with {{angbr IPA|t̠ʲ͡ɕ}} or {{angbr IPA|c̟͡ɕ}} in narrow IPA, though {{angbr IPA|tɕ}} is normally used in both cases. In the case of English, the sequence can be specified as {{angbr IPA|t̺ɕ}} as {{IPA|/t/}} is normally apical (although somewhat palatalized in that sequence), whereas alveolo-palatal consonants are laminal by definition.{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=177}}{{sfnp|Esling|2010|p=693}}

An increasing number of British speakers merge this sequence with the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate {{IPA|/tʃ/}}: {{IPA|[ˈtʃʉːzdeɪ]}} (see yod-coalescence), mirroring Cockney, Australian English and New Zealand English. On the other hand, there is an opposite tendency in Canadian accents that have preserved {{IPA|/tj/}}, where the sequence tends to merge with the plain {{IPA|/t/}} instead: {{audio-IPA|En-us-Tuesday.ogg|[ˈt̺ʰʉːzdeɪ]|help=no}} (see yod-dropping), mirroring General American which does not allow {{IPA|/j/}} to follow alveolar consonants in stressed syllables.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=173, 306}}{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014 |pp=230–231}}{{cite journal |author=Chambers, J.K. |year=1998 |title=Changes in progress in Canadian English: Yod-dropping |url=http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~chambers/changes.html |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of English Linguistics |series=Excerpts from article "Social embedding of changes in progress" |publisher=U.Toronto |volume=26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229080412/http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~chambers/changes.html |archive-date=29 February 2008 |access-date=11 May 2020 |place=Canada}}

• Index of phonetics articles
• Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant

{{reflist|22em}}

{{refbegin|22em}}

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|last1 = Chirkova

|first1 = Katia

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|title = Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the variety of the upper reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume = 43

|issue = 3

|pages = 381–396

|url = http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/published/KC2013Xumi2.pdf

|doi = 10.1017/S0025100313000169

|doi-access = free

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|chapter = The phonetics of Cardiff English

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|publisher = Multilingual Matters Ltd.

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|pages = 87–103

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|last1=Collins |first1=Beverley

|last2=Mees |first2=Inger M.

|year=2003 |orig-year=1981

|title=The Phonetics of English and Dutch |edition=5th

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|publisher=Brill Publishers

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• {{cite book

|last=Cruttenden

|first=Alan

|year=2014

|title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English

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• {{cite journal

|last=Cruz-Ferreira |first=Madalena

|year=1995

|title=European Portuguese

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=90–94

|doi=10.1017/S0025100300005223

|s2cid=249414876

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|last=Esling |first=John

|year=2010

|chapter=Phonetic notation

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|editor-last2=Laver |editor-first2=John

|editor-last3=Gibbon |editor-first3=Fiona E.

|title=The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences

|publisher=John Wiley & Sons

|edition=2nd

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|year = 2013

|title = Luxembourgish

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|last=Huber |first=Magnus

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|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

|pages=842–865

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|last=Jassem |first=Wiktor

|year=2003

|title=Polish

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=103–107

|doi=10.1017/S0025100303001191 |doi-access=free

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• {{cite book

|last = Kristoffersen |first = Gjert |author-link = Gjert Kristoffersen

|year = 2000

|title = The Phonology of Norwegian

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|year = 1999

|chapter = Croatian

|title = Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

|place = Cambridge, UK

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|isbn = 0-521-65236-7

|pages = 66–69

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• {{cite book

|last = Okada

|first = Hideo

|year = 1999

|chapter = Japanese

|editor = International Phonetic Association

|title = Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

|publisher = Cambridge University Press

|isbn = 978-0-52163751-0

|chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2

|pages = 117–119

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|last1=Recasens

|first1=Daniel

|last2=Espinosa

|first2=Aina

|year=2007

|title=An electropalatographic and acoustic study of affricates and fricatives in two Catalan dialects

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=37

|issue=2

|pages=143–172

|doi=10.1017/S0025100306002829

|s2cid=14275190

|url=http://pagines.uab.cat/danielrecasens/sites/pagines.uab.cat.danielrecasens/files/affricates.pdf

|archive-date=2020-11-22

|access-date=2013-04-16

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122112513/http://pagines.uab.cat/danielrecasens/sites/pagines.uab.cat.danielrecasens/files/affricates.pdf

|url-status=dead

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• {{cite book

|last=Sjoberg |first=Andrée F.

|year=1963

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|publisher=Indiana University

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• {{cite journal

|last=Teo |first=Amos B.

|year=2012

|title=Sumi (Sema)

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=365–373

|doi=10.1017/S0025100312000254 |doi-access=free

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• {{cite journal

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|first = Marzena

|year = 2003

|title = Phonetic and phonological aspects of Slavic sibilant fricatives

|journal = ZAS Papers in Linguistics

|volume = 3

|pages = 175–213

|doi = 10.21248/zaspil.32.2003.191

|doi-access = free

|url = http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/14187/zaspil32_zygis.pdf

}}

{{refend}}

• {{phoible|ɕ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless Alveolo-Palatal Fricative}}

Category:Fricative consonants

Category:Alveolo-palatal consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Co-articulated consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Central consonants