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voiceless bilabial affricate

{{Short description|Consonantal sound}}

{{infobox IPA

| ipa symbol = pɸ

}}

The voiceless bilabial affricate ({{IPA|[p͡ɸ]}} in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop {{IPA|[p]}} and released as a voiceless bilabial fricative {{IPA|[ɸ]}}. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial affricate:

{{affricate}}

{{bilabial}}

{{voiceless}}

{{oral}}

{{central–lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

DutchOrsmaal-Gussenhoven dialect{{sfnp|Peters|2010|p=240}}{{lang|nl|up}}{{IPA|[ʊp͡ɸ]}}'up, onto'Optional pre-pausal allophone of {{IPA|/p/}}.{{sfnp|Peters|2010|p=240}}
rowspan="5" |EnglishBroad Cockney{{sfnp|Wells|1982|pp=322-323}}rowspan="5" | uprowspan=2 | {{IPA|[ˈɐʔp͡ɸ]}}rowspan="5" | 'up'Allophone of {{IPA|/p/}}, occurs mainly word-finally.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=323}} See English phonology
Received Pronunciation{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=172}}Rare allophone of {{IPA|/p/}}.{{sfnp|Cruttenden|2014|p=172}} See English phonology
North Wales{{sfnp|Penhallurick|2004|pp=108-109}}rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[ˈəp͡ɸ]}}Word-initial and word-final allophone of {{IPA|/p/}}; in free variation with a strongly aspirated stop {{IPA|[pʰ]}}.{{sfnp|Penhallurick|2004|pp=108-109}} See English phonology
Port Talbot{{Cite book |last=Connolly |first=John H. |title=English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change |publisher=Multilingual Matters Ltd.; Channel View Publications |year=1990 |isbn=1-85359-032-0 |pages=121–129 |language=en}}

|Allophone of /p/. In free variation with [pʰʰ].

Scouse{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=372}}{{IPA|[ˈʊp͡ɸ]}}Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of {{IPA|/p/}}.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=372}} See English phonology
GermanSome speakers{{lang|de|tropfen}}{{IPA|[ˈtʁ̥ɔp͡ɸn̩]}}'to drip'Allophone of {{IPA|/p͡f/}}. See Standard German phonology
colspan="2" |Ghomalaʼ

| colspan="3" |{{Example needed|date=September 2024}}

|Allophone of {{IPA|/p/}} before {{IPA|/h/}}.{{Cite book |last=Nissim |first=Gabriel M. |title=Le Bamileke-Ghomálá' (parler de Bandjoun, Cameroun): phonologie - morphologie nominale; comparaison avec des parlers voisins |date=1981 |publisher=SELAF |isbn=978-2-85297-104-2 |series=Langues et civilisations à tradition orale |location=Paris}}

colspan=2|Kaingang{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=680-681}}fy{{IPA|[ˈp͡ɸɤ]}}'seed'Possible word-initial allophone of {{IPA|/ɸ/}}.{{sfnp|Jolkesky|2009|pp=680-681}}
Northern TiwaTaos dialectcolspan=2 | {{IPA|[ˌp͡ɸìˑˈwɛ̈̄ːnǣ]}}'daughter'Allophone of {{IPA|/pʰ/}}, in free variation with {{IPA|[ph]}} and {{IPAblink|ɸ}}. See Taos phonology

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

{{refbegin}}

  • {{citation

|last=Cruttenden

|first=Alan

|year=2014

|title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English

|publisher=Routledge

|edition=8th

|isbn=9781444183092

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2nMAgAAQBAJ

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Jolkesky

|first=Marcelo Pinho de Valhery

|year=2009

|title=Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble

|journal=Anais do SETA

|volume=3

|pages=675–685

|place=Campinas

|publisher=Editora do IEL-UNICAMP

|url=http://www.iel.unicamp.br/revista/index.php/seta/article/view/557/474

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Penhallurick

|first=Robert

|editor-last=Schneider

|editor-first=Edgar W.

|editor2-last=Burridge

|editor2-first=Kate

|editor3-last=Kortmann

|editor3-first=Bernd

|editor4-last=Mesthrie

|editor4-first=Rajend

|editor5-last=Upton

|editor5-first=Clive

|year=2004

|title=A handbook of varieties of English

|chapter=Welsh English: phonology

|volume=1: Phonology

|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter

|pages=98–112

|isbn=3-11-017532-0

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Peters

|first=Jörg

|year=2010

|title=The Flemish–Brabant dialect of Orsmaal–Gussenhoven

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=40

|issue=2

|pages=239–246

|doi=10.1017/S0025100310000083| url = https://zenodo.org/record/996039

|doi-access=free

}}

  • {{Accents of English|hide1=y|hide3=y}}

{{refend}}

External links

  • {{phoible|pɸ}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless Bilabial Affricate}}

Category:Affricates

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Bilabial consonants

Category:Central consonants