voiceless bilabial fricative

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɸ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Redirect|ɸ|the Greek letter|Phi (letter)|the Cyrillic letter|Ef (Cyrillic)|the Armenian letter|Piwr (letter)}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɸ

|ipa number=126

|decimal1=632

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0278.svg

|imagesize=150px

|x-sampa=p\

|kirshenbaum=P

|braille=46

|braille2=124

|above=}}

The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɸ}}, a Latinised form of the Greek letter Phi.

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:

Occurrence

colspan=2\| Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
class="wikitable"
colspan=2\| Ainu{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	{{lang\|ain-Kana\|フチ}}	{{IPA\|[ɸu̜tʃi]}}	'grandmother'
colspan=2\| Angor{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	{{lang\|agg-Latn\|fi}}	{{IPA\|[ɸi]}}	'body'
\| Bengali	Eastern dialects	{{lang\|bn\|ফল}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɔl]}}	'fruit'	Allophone of {{IPAslink\|f}} in some eastern dialects; regular allophone of {{IPA\|/pʰ/}} in western dialects
English \|Scouse \|{{example needed\|date=August 2016}} \| \| \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/p/}}. See British English phonology{{Cite book \|last=Watson \|first=Kevin \|title=Illustrations of the IPA: Liverpool English \|publisher=Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 \|year=2007 \|edition=Cambridge University Press \|pages=351–360}}
colspan=2\| Ewe{{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=156}}	{{lang\|ee-Latn\|éƒá}}	{{IPA\|[éɸá]}}	'he polished'	Contrasts with {{IPA\|/f/}}
Italian	Tuscan{{Harvcoltxt\|Hall\|1944\|p=75}}	{{lang\|it\|i capitani}}	{{IPA\|[iˌhäɸiˈθäːni]}}	'the captains'	Intervocalic allophone of {{IPAslink\|p}}. See Italian phonology and Tuscan gorgia.
colspan=2\| Itelmen	{{lang\|itl-Cyrl\|чуфчуф}}	{{IPA\|[tʃuɸtʃuɸ]}}	'rain'
colspan=2\| Japanese{{Harvcoltxt\|Okada\|1999\|p=118}}	{{lang\|ja-Hani\|腐敗}} / {{lang\|ja-Latn\|fuhai}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɯhai]}}	'decay'	Allophone of {{IPAslink\|h}} before {{IPA\|/ɯ/}}. See Japanese phonology
colspan=2\| Kaingang	{{lang\|kgp\|fy}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɨ]}}	'seed'
colspan=2\| Korean	''{{lang\|ko\|후두개}} / {{lang\|ko\|hudugae}}	{{IPA\|[ɸʷudugɛ]}}	'epiglottis'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/h/}} before {{IPA\|/u/}} and {{IPA\|/w/}}. See Korean phonology
colspan=2\| Kwama{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| {{IPA\|[kòːɸɛ́]}}	'basket'
colspan=2\| Māori	{{lang\|mi-Latn\|whakapapa}}	{{IPA\|[ɸakapapa]}}	'genealogy'	Now more commonly /f/ due to the influence of English. See Māori phonology.
colspan="2" \|Nepali \|{{Lang\|ne\|बाफ}} \|{{IPA\|[bäɸ]}} \|'vapour' \|Allophone of /pʰ/. See Nepali phonology
colspan=2\| Odoodee{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	{{lang\|kkc-Latn\|pagai}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɑɡɑi]}}	'coconut'
colspan=2\| Okinawan	{{lang\|ryu\|fifaci}}	{{IPA\|[ɸiɸatɕi]}}	'type of spice'
rowspan=4\| Spanish	Some dialects {{Harvcoltxt\|Boyd-Bowman\|1953\|p=229}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Cotton\|Sharp\|1988\|p=15}}	{{lang\|es\|fuera}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɸwe̞ɾa̠]}}	'outside'	Non-standard variant of {{IPA\|/f/}}. See Spanish phonology
Standard European{{sfnp\|Wetzels\|Mascaró\|2001\|p=224}}	{{lang\|es\|pub}}	{{IPA\|[ˈpa̠ɸ̞]}}	'pub'	An approximant; allophone of {{IPA\|/b/}} before a pause.{{sfnp\|Wetzels\|Mascaró\|2001\|p=224}}
North-Central Peninsular{{cite web\|url=http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/383-0300/383-0300-MORRIS-0-1.PDF \|title=Microsoft Word - codaobs-roa.do \|access-date=2019-04-21}}	{{lang\|es\|abdicar}}	{{IPA\|[a̠ɸðiˈka̠ɾ]}}	'abdicate'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/b/}} in the coda. In this dialect, the unvoiced coda obstruents - {{IPA\|/p, t, k/}} - are realized as fricatives only if they precede a voiced consonant; otherwise, they emerge as stops.
Southern Peninsular{{Harvcoltxt\|Pérez\|Aguilar\|Jiménez\|1998\|pp=225–228}}	{{lang\|es\|los vuestros}}	{{IPA\|[lɔh ˈɸːwɛhtːɾɔh]}}	'yours'	It varies with {{IPA\|[βː]}} in some accents. Allophone of {{IPA\|/b/}} after {{IPA\|/s/}}.
colspan="2" \|Shompen{{Cite journal\|title=The language of the Shom Pen: a language isolate in the Nicobar Islands\|url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Isolates/Shompen%20paper.pdf\|journal=Mother Tongue \|volume=12\|pages=179–202}} \| colspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[koɸeoi]}} \|'bench' \|
colspan=2\| Sylheti	{{lang\|syl\|ꠙꠥꠀ}}	{{IPA\|[ɸua]}}	'boy'
colspan=2\| Tahitian	{{lang\|ty\|{{okina}}ōfī}}	{{IPA\|[ʔoːɸiː]}}	'snake'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/f/}}
colspan="2" \|Taruma{{Cite thesis \|last=Serke \|first=Anna K. \|title=A description of Taruma phonology \|date=2022 \|publisher=Universitat Leiden \|url=https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3454579/view}} \|{{lang\|tdm\|fwa}} \|{{IPA\|[ɸʷa]}} \|'fire' \|
Turkish	Some speakers{{Harvcoltxt\|Göksel\|Kerslake\|2005\|p=6}}	{{lang\|tr\|ufuk}}	{{IPA\|[uˈɸʊk]}}	'horizon'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/f/}} before rounded vowels and, to a lesser extent, word-finally after rounded vowels. See Turkish phonology
colspan=2\| Turkmen	{{lang\|tk\|fabrik}}	{{IPA\|[ɸabrik]}}	'factory'
colspan=2\| Yalë	{{lang\|nce\|dife}}	{{IPA\|[diɸe]}}	'village'

References

=Sources=

{{citation

|last=Boyd-Bowman

|first=Peter

|year=1953

|title=Sobre la pronunciación del español en el Ecuador

|journal=Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica

|volume=7

|pages=221–233

|doi=10.24201/nrfh.v7i1/2.310

|doi-access=free

}}

{{Citation

|last1=Cotton

|first1=Eleanor Greet

|last2=Sharp

|first2=John

|year=1988

|title=Spanish in the Americas

|publisher=Georgetown University Press

|isbn=978-0-87840-094-2

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=89KX2RC6Gx0C

}}

{{citation

|last1=Göksel

|first1=Asli

|last2=Kerslake

|first2=Celia

|year=2005

|title=Turkish: a comprehensive grammar

|publisher=Routledge

|isbn=978-0415114943

}}

{{cite journal

|last=Hall

|first=Robert A. Jr.

|year=1944

|title=Italian phonemes and orthography

|journal=Italica

|volume=21

|issue=2

|pages=72–82

|doi=10.2307/475860

|jstor=475860

|publisher=American Association of Teachers of Italian

}}

{{citation

|last=Ladefoged

|first=Peter

|author-link=Peter Ladefoged

|year=2005

|title=Vowels and Consonants

|edition=Second

|publisher=Blackwell

}}

{{citation

|last=Okada

|first=Hideo

|year=1999

|chapter=Japanese

|editor=International Phonetic Association

|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

|pages=117–119

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|isbn=978-0-52163751-0

|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2

}}

{{citation

|last1=Pérez

|first1=Ramón Morillo-Velarde

|last2=Aguilar

|first2=Rafael Cano

|last3=Jiménez

|first3=Antonio Narbona

|year=1998

|title=El Español hablado en Andalucía

|publisher=Editorial Ariel

|isbn=84-344-8225-8

}}

{{citation

|last1=Wetzels

|first1=W. Leo

|last2=Mascaró

|first2=Joan

|year=2001

|title=The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing

|journal=Language

|volume=77

|issue=2

|pages=207–244

|doi=10.1353/lan.2001.0123

|s2cid=28948663

|url=http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/~prince/hold/wetzels-mascaro.pdf

}}

External links

{{phoible|ɸ}}

Category:Fricative consonants

Category:Bilabial consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

colspan=2\| Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
class="wikitable"
colspan=2\| Ainu{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	{{lang\|ain-Kana\|フチ}}	{{IPA\|[ɸu̜tʃi]}}	'grandmother'
colspan=2\| Angor{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	{{lang\|agg-Latn\|fi}}	{{IPA\|[ɸi]}}	'body'
\| Bengali	Eastern dialects	{{lang\|bn\|ফল}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɔl]}}	'fruit'	Allophone of {{IPAslink\|f}} in some eastern dialects; regular allophone of {{IPA\|/pʰ/}} in western dialects
English \|Scouse \|{{example needed\|date=August 2016}} \| \| \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/p/}}. See British English phonology{{Cite book \|last=Watson \|first=Kevin \|title=Illustrations of the IPA: Liverpool English \|publisher=Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37 \|year=2007 \|edition=Cambridge University Press \|pages=351–360}}
colspan=2\| Ewe{{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=156}}	{{lang\|ee-Latn\|éƒá}}	{{IPA\|[éɸá]}}	'he polished'	Contrasts with {{IPA\|/f/}}
Italian	Tuscan{{Harvcoltxt\|Hall\|1944\|p=75}}	{{lang\|it\|i capitani}}	{{IPA\|[iˌhäɸiˈθäːni]}}	'the captains'	Intervocalic allophone of {{IPAslink\|p}}. See Italian phonology and Tuscan gorgia.
colspan=2\| Itelmen	{{lang\|itl-Cyrl\|чуфчуф}}	{{IPA\|[tʃuɸtʃuɸ]}}	'rain'
colspan=2\| Japanese{{Harvcoltxt\|Okada\|1999\|p=118}}	{{lang\|ja-Hani\|腐敗}} / {{lang\|ja-Latn\|fuhai}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɯhai]}}	'decay'	Allophone of {{IPAslink\|h}} before {{IPA\|/ɯ/}}. See Japanese phonology
colspan=2\| Kaingang	{{lang\|kgp\|fy}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɨ]}}	'seed'
colspan=2\| Korean	''{{lang\|ko\|후두개}} / {{lang\|ko\|hudugae}}	{{IPA\|[ɸʷudugɛ]}}	'epiglottis'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/h/}} before {{IPA\|/u/}} and {{IPA\|/w/}}. See Korean phonology
colspan=2\| Kwama{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"\| {{IPA\|[kòːɸɛ́]}}	'basket'
colspan=2\| Māori	{{lang\|mi-Latn\|whakapapa}}	{{IPA\|[ɸakapapa]}}	'genealogy'	Now more commonly /f/ due to the influence of English. See Māori phonology.
colspan="2" \|Nepali \|{{Lang\|ne\|बाफ}} \|{{IPA\|[bäɸ]}} \|'vapour' \|Allophone of /pʰ/. See Nepali phonology
colspan=2\| Odoodee{{citation needed\|date=November 2015}}	{{lang\|kkc-Latn\|pagai}}	{{IPA\|[ɸɑɡɑi]}}	'coconut'
colspan=2\| Okinawan	{{lang\|ryu\|fifaci}}	{{IPA\|[ɸiɸatɕi]}}	'type of spice'
rowspan=4\| Spanish	Some dialects {{Harvcoltxt\|Boyd-Bowman\|1953\|p=229}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Cotton\|Sharp\|1988\|p=15}}	{{lang\|es\|fuera}}	{{IPA\|[ˈɸwe̞ɾa̠]}}	'outside'	Non-standard variant of {{IPA\|/f/}}. See Spanish phonology
Standard European{{sfnp\|Wetzels\|Mascaró\|2001\|p=224}}	{{lang\|es\|pub}}	{{IPA\|[ˈpa̠ɸ̞]}}	'pub'	An approximant; allophone of {{IPA\|/b/}} before a pause.{{sfnp\|Wetzels\|Mascaró\|2001\|p=224}}
North-Central Peninsular{{cite web\|url=http://roa.rutgers.edu/files/383-0300/383-0300-MORRIS-0-1.PDF \|title=Microsoft Word - codaobs-roa.do \|access-date=2019-04-21}}	{{lang\|es\|abdicar}}	{{IPA\|[a̠ɸðiˈka̠ɾ]}}	'abdicate'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/b/}} in the coda. In this dialect, the unvoiced coda obstruents - {{IPA\|/p, t, k/}} - are realized as fricatives only if they precede a voiced consonant; otherwise, they emerge as stops.
Southern Peninsular{{Harvcoltxt\|Pérez\|Aguilar\|Jiménez\|1998\|pp=225–228}}	{{lang\|es\|los vuestros}}	{{IPA\|[lɔh ˈɸːwɛhtːɾɔh]}}	'yours'	It varies with {{IPA\|[βː]}} in some accents. Allophone of {{IPA\|/b/}} after {{IPA\|/s/}}.
colspan="2" \|Shompen{{Cite journal\|title=The language of the Shom Pen: a language isolate in the Nicobar Islands\|url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Isolates/Shompen%20paper.pdf\|journal=Mother Tongue \|volume=12\|pages=179–202}} \| colspan="2" \|{{IPA\|[koɸeoi]}} \|'bench' \|
colspan=2\| Sylheti	{{lang\|syl\|ꠙꠥꠀ}}	{{IPA\|[ɸua]}}	'boy'
colspan=2\| Tahitian	{{lang\|ty\|{{okina}}ōfī}}	{{IPA\|[ʔoːɸiː]}}	'snake'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/f/}}
colspan="2" \|Taruma{{Cite thesis \|last=Serke \|first=Anna K. \|title=A description of Taruma phonology \|date=2022 \|publisher=Universitat Leiden \|url=https://studenttheses.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A3454579/view}} \|{{lang\|tdm\|fwa}} \|{{IPA\|[ɸʷa]}} \|'fire' \|
Turkish	Some speakers{{Harvcoltxt\|Göksel\|Kerslake\|2005\|p=6}}	{{lang\|tr\|ufuk}}	{{IPA\|[uˈɸʊk]}}	'horizon'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/f/}} before rounded vowels and, to a lesser extent, word-finally after rounded vowels. See Turkish phonology
colspan=2\| Turkmen	{{lang\|tk\|fabrik}}	{{IPA\|[ɸabrik]}}	'factory'
colspan=2\| Yalë	{{lang\|nce\|dife}}	{{IPA\|[diɸe]}}	'village'