voiceless epiglottal trill

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ʜ⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless pharyngeal trill
(voiceless epiglottal fricative)

|ipa symbol=ʜ

|ipa number=172

|decimal1=668

|x-sampa=H\

|braille=*

|braille2=h

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x029C.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The voiceless epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiceless epiglottal fricative,{{cite book |first=John |last=Esling |year=2010 |chapter=Phonetic Notation |editor-last1=Hardcastle |editor-last2=Laver |editor-last3=Gibbon |title=The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences |edition=2nd |page=695}} is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ʜ}}, a small capital version of the Latin letter h, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is H\.

The glyph is homoglyphic with the lowercase Cyrillic letter En (н) in roman typeface, but distinct in italic.

Features

Features of the voiceless epiglottal trill/fricative:

{{trill}}

{{epiglottal}}

{{voiceless}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

{{pulmonic}}

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

colspan="2" | Agul{{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=167–168}}{{lang|agx|мехӏ}}{{IPA|[mɛʜ]}}'whey'
colspan="2" | Amis{{Cite journal|last1=Maddieson |first1=Ian |last2=Wright |first2=Richard |date=October 1995 |journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics |volume=91: Fieldwork Studies of Targeted Languages III |pages=45–65 |language=en |title=The Vowels and Consonants of Amis — A Preliminary Phonetic Report |url=https://escholarship.org/content/qt3h25w3h3/qt3h25w3h3.pdf#page=48}}{{lang|ami|tihi}}{{IPA|[tiʜiʔ]}}'spouse'The epiglottal consonants in Amis have proven hard to describe, with some describing it not as epiglottal, but a pharyngeal fricative or even as a uvular consonant. See Amis phonology
Arabic{{Harvcoltxt|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|pp=167–168}}Iraqi{{cite book|first1=Zeki |last1=Hassan |first2=John |last2=Esling |first3=Scott |last3=Moisik |first4=Lise |last4=Crevier-Buchman |year=2011 |chapter=Aryepiglottic trilled variants of /ʕ, ħ/ in Iraqi Arabic |title=Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences |pages=831–834 |chapter-url=https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2011/OnlineProceedings/RegularSession/Hassan/Hassan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319065108/https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2011/OnlineProceedings/RegularSession/Hassan/Hassan.pdf |archive-date=2020-03-19}}{{lang|ar|حَي}}

|[ʜaj]

'alive'

| Corresponds to {{IPA|/ħ/}} {{angbr|ح}} in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology

colspan="2" | Bengali{{lang|bn|খড়}}{{IPA|[ʜↄɾ]}}'straw'Mainly realized as such in very eastern regions; often also debuccalized or phonetically realised as {{IPA|/x/}}. Corresponds to {{IPA|/kʰ/}} in western and central dialects. See Bengali phonology
colspan="2" | Chechen{{lang|ce|хьо}}{{IPA|[ʜʷɔ]}}'you'
colspan="2" | Dahalo{{IPA|[ʜaːɗo]}}'arrow'
colspan="2" | Haida{{lang|hai|ants}}{{IPA|[ʜʌnt͡s]}}'shadow'
colspan="2" | Somali{{cite thesis |last=Gabbard |first=Kevin M. |year=2010 |url=https://kb.osu.edu/bitstream/handle/1811/46639/gabbardsomalithesis2010.pdf |title=A Phonological Analysis of Somali and the Guttural Consonants |degree=BA |publisher=Ohio State University |page=14}}

|{{lang|so|xoor}}

|{{IPA|[ʜoːɾ]}}

|'bubble'

|Realization of /ħ/ for some speakers. See Somali phonology

See also

Notes

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References

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  • {{SOWL}}

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