w:Tsum language
{{Short description|Tibetic language subgroup of Nepal}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Tsum
| altname = Tsumke
| nativename =
| region = Nepal
| speakers = {{sigfig|4,790|2}}
| date = 2000 census
| ref = e25
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = Tibeto-Kanauri ?
| fam3 = Bodish
| fam4 = Tibetic
| fam5 = Kyirong–Kagate
| iso3 = ttz
| glotto = tsum1240
| glottorefname = Tsum
}}
Tsum is a language from the subgroup of Tibetic languagesN. Tournadre (2005) "L'aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes." Lalies, 2005, n°25, p. 7–56 [http://tournadre.nicolas.free.fr/fichiers/2005-aire.pdf] spoken by the Tsum people primarily in the Tsum Valley of the Gorka District of Nepal. The language is also known as Tsumke.{{Cite book|title=A Tsum Lexicon|last=Mark Donohue and Dubi Nanda Dhakal|publisher=LINCOM|year=2016|isbn=9783862886821|location=München|pages=ii}}
Speakers
There are over 4000 speakers of Tsum, known as Tsumpas.{{Cite book|title=A Socio-linguistic Survey of the Tibeto-Burman Dialects of North Gorkha District|last=Webster|first=Jeff|publisher=ms, SIL|year=1992}} Many speakers of the language have migrated away from the Tsum valley, and now live in Kathmandu and abroad. Younger Tsumpas are more likely to be educated in Nepali and English, leading to attrition of the language.
Language structure
Tsum has a two-tone language system.
Relationship to other languages
There is a varying degree of mutual intelligibility between Tsum and other Kyirong-Yolmo varieties. It is most closely related to Nubri and Gyalsumdo, and more distantly related to other languages in the family.{{Cite journal|last=Gawne|first=Lauren|date=2013|title=Report on the relationship between Yolmo and Kagate|journal=Himalayan Linguistics|volume=12|pages=1-27}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- Dhakal, Dubi Nanda & Mark Donohue. 2015. Inchoative/causative verb pairs in Tsum. Nepalese Linguistics 30. 45-49.
- Donohue, Mark & Dubi Nanda Dhakal. 2016. A Tsum Lexicon. (Languages of the World/Dictionaries, 61.) München: LINCOM. 197pp.
- Liu, Naijing. 2015. Tsum tone: a challenge for typology and phonological description. (MA thesis, Australian National University).
- Webster, Jeff. 1992. A Socio-linguistic Survey of the Tibeto-Burman Dialects of North Gorkha District, Nepal. Ms.
{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}
{{Bodic languages}}