zoochlorella

Zoochlorellae are various genera belonging to the classes Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, historically treated as a single genus Zoochlorella due to their similar appearance to the genus Chlorella.{{cite journal |first=Pierre |last=Compère |date=November 1999 |title=Report of the Committee for Algae: 6 |journal=Taxon |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=135–136 |jstor=1224630 }} However, this genus was found to be polyphyletic through molecular phylogeny, and currently considered nomen rejiciendum. As a consequence, the two species belonging to this obsolete genus have been transferred to different green algal genera.

• Zoochlorella conductrix {{au|K. Brandt}} → Micractinium {{au|Fresen.}}
• Zoochlorella parasitica {{au|K. Brandt}} → Choricystis {{au|(Skuja) Fott.}}

The analogy between zoochlorellae and chloroplasts was used by the botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 to argue about the symbiotic origin of chloroplasts (then called 'chromatophores', a term used for completely different structures today).Martin W, and Kowallik, K V. 1999, Annotated English translation of Mereschkowsky's 1905 paper 'Über Nature und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreich'. Eur. J. Phycol., 34: 287-295. [http://www.molevol.de/publications/76.pdf Free access to the article] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319162741/http://www.molevol.de/publications/76.pdf |date=March 19, 2012 }}

File:Anthopleura xanthogrammica 1.jpg gains its green colour from Zoochlorella]]

Zoochlorellae are responsible for the greenish colour of sea anemone tentacles. Zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae may both be found in the Pacific coast sea anemones Anthopleura elegantissima and Anthopleura xanthogrammica.

Four species of distantly related testate amoebae have independently evolved into obligate mixotrophy through the acquisition of zoochlorellae: Hyalosphenia papilio and Heleopera sphagni, two lobose amoebae belonging to the order Arcellinida within the phylum Amoebozoa; Archerella flavum, a member of the Labyrinthulomycetes in Stramenopiles; and Placocista spinosa, a filose amoeba belonging to the order Euglyphida within the phylum Cercozoa.

Various ciliates present zoochlorellae, such as the genera Paramecium, Stentor, Climacostomum, Coleps and Euplotes.

In the centrohelid Acanthocystis turfacea lives a unique zoochlorella species known as Chlorella heliozoae.

{{multiple image

| align = center

| total_width = 520

| image1 = Collection Penard MHNG Specimen 464-1-3 Hyalospenia papilio.tif

| caption1 = The amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio

| image2 = Paramecium bursaria.jpg

| caption2 = The ciliate Paramecium bursaria

| footer = Examples of protists containing zoochlorellae

}}

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite journal | first1=Fatma | last1=Gomaa | first2=Anush | last2=Kosakyan | first3=Thierry J. | last3=Heger | first4=Daniele | last4=Corsaro | first5=Edward A.D. | last5=Mitchell | first6=Enrique | last6=Lara | title = One Alga to Rule them All: Unrelated Mixotrophic Testate Amoebae (Amoebozoa, Rhizaria and Stramenopiles) Share the Same Symbiont (Trebouxiophyceae) | journal = Protist | volume = 165 | issue = 2 | date = 2014 | pages = 161–176 | doi = 10.1016/j.protis.2014.01.002}}

{{cite journal|vauthors=Pröschold T, Darienko T, Silva PC, Reisser W, Krienitz L | date = 2011 | title = The systematics of Zoochlorella revisited employing an integrative approach | journal = Environmental Microbiology | volume = 13 | pages = 350–364 | doi = 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02333.x}}

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{{Taxonbar|from=Q220135}}

Category:Chlorellaceae

Category:Trebouxiophyceae genera

Category:Monotypic algae genera

{{Green algae-stub}}