:Chelsea Manning

Born in 1987 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,{{cite web |url= http://www.chelseamanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ORDERCHANGINGNAME.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140501222428/http://www.chelseamanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ORDERCHANGINGNAME.pdf |archive-date=May 1, 2014 |work=ChelseaManning.org |date=April 2014 |title=Order Changing Name}} Manning is the second child of Susan Fox, who is Welsh, and Brian Manning, an American. Brian had joined the United States Navy in 1974, at age 19, and served five years as an intelligence analyst. He met Susan while stationed in Wales at RAF Brawdy.{{Cite news |last=McKelvey |first=Tara |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23780581 |title=Bradley Manning's disrupted family life |work=BBC News Magazine |date=August 22, 2013 |access-date=June 21, 2018 |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200226043557/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23780581 |url-status=live}} Manning has an older sister. The couple returned to the U.S. in 1979, settling first in California. After moving near Crescent, Oklahoma, they bought a house with five acres of land, where they kept pigs and chickens.{{cite book |url= http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ |author=Nicks |date=September 23, 2010 |title=Biography of Manning |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ |archive-date=April 29, 2011}}{{Cite news |url= http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index1.html |author=Fishman |date=July 3, 2011 |work=New York |pages=2–3 |title=Features: Bradley Manning |access-date=July 4, 2011 |archive-date=December 4, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181204124704/http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index1.html |url-status=live}}

Manning's sister told the court-martial that both their parents were alcoholics, and that their mother drank continually while pregnant with Chelsea. Captain David Moulton, a Navy psychiatrist, told the court that Manning's facial features showed signs of fetal alcohol syndrome.{{Cite news |last=Tate |first=Julie |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manning-apologizes-said-he-hurt-the-united-states/2013/08/14/e1de6cb4-0525-11e3-a07f-49ddc7417125_story.html |title=Manning apologizes, says he 'hurt the United States' |work=The Washington Post |date=August 14, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170816013640/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manning-apologizes-said-he-hurt-the-united-states/2013/08/14/e1de6cb4-0525-11e3-a07f-49ddc7417125_story.html |archive-date=August 16, 2017}} The sister became Manning's principal caregiver, waking at night to prepare the baby's bottle. The court heard that Manning was fed only milk and baby food until the age of two. As an adult she reached {{convert|5|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}} and weighed around {{convert|105|lb|kg}}.{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Lewis (journalist) |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/21/bradley-manning-lonely-soldier-childhood |title=Bradley Manning trial revealed a lonely soldier with a troubled past |work=The Guardian |place=Fort Meade |date=August 21, 2013 |access-date=December 11, 2016 |archive-date=February 2, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170202094900/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/21/bradley-manning-lonely-soldier-childhood |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |last=Kirkland |first=Michael |url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/03/13/Under-the-US-Supreme-Court-Bradley-Manning-WikiLeaks-martyr/UPI-44541300001400/ |title=Under the U.S. Supreme Court: Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks martyr? |work=United Press International |date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-date=April 17, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190417133342/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/03/13/Under-the-US-Supreme-Court-Bradley-Manning-WikiLeaks-martyr/UPI-44541300001400/ |url-status=live}}

Manning's father took a job as an information technology (IT) manager for a rental car agency, The Hertz Corporation,{{cite web |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/magazine/the-long-lonely-road-of-chelsea-manning.html |title=The Long, Lonely Road of Chelsea Manning |last=Shaer |first=Matthew |work=The New York Times |date=June 12, 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 18, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200218064203/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/magazine/the-long-lonely-road-of-chelsea-manning.html |url-status=live}} which required travel. The family lived several miles out of town, and Manning's mother was unable to drive. She spent her days drinking, while Manning was left largely to herself playing with Lego toys or on the computer. Brian stocked up on food before his trips and left signed checks that the sister mailed to pay the bills. A neighbor said that whenever Manning's elementary school went on field trips, she would give her own son extra food or money so he could make sure Manning had something to eat. Friends and neighbors considered the Mannings a troubled family.{{sfnp|Thompson|2010}}{{Cite news |work=The Washington Post |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |last=Nakashima |first=Ellen |title=Bradley Manning is at the center of the WikiLeaks controversy. But who is he? |date=May 4, 2011 |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/brian-manning.html |title=The Private Life of Bradley Manning; Interview Brian Manning |work=Frontline |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=April 27, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170427122644/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/brian-manning.html |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/jordan-davis.html |title=The Private Life of Bradley Manning; Interview Jordan Davis |publisher=PBS |work=Frontline |date=March 2011 |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224025/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/jordan-davis.html |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/timeline/ |title=The Private Life of Bradley Manning |work=Frontline |date=March 29, 2011 |publisher=PBS |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=September 4, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190904015524/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/timeline/ |url-status=live}}

As a child, Manning was opinionated about the intersection of religion and politics.{{sfnp|Thompson|2010}} For example, she invariably remained silent during the part of the Pledge of Allegiance that makes reference to God.{{cite book |url= http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ |author=Nicks |date=September 23, 2010 |title=Biography |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ |archive-date=April 29, 2011}}Nicks 2012, p. 90

In a 2011 interview, Manning's father said, "People need to understand that he's a young man that had a happy life growing up." He also said that Manning excelled at the saxophone, science, and computers, and created a website at the age of 10. Manning learned how to use PowerPoint, won the grand prize three years in a row at the local science fair, and in sixth grade, took top prize at a statewide quiz bowl.{{Cite news |url= http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index3.html |author=Fishman |date=July 3, 2011 |page=4 |work=New York |title=Bradley Manning |access-date=July 4, 2011 |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200303222637/https://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index3.html |url-status=live}}

File:Haverfordwest Main Street South Wales.jpg, Wales, where Manning went to secondary school]]

A childhood friend of Manning's, speaking about a conversation they had when Manning was 13, said: "he told me he was gay". The friend also said that Manning's home life was not good and that her father was very controlling. Around this time, Manning's parents divorced. She and her mother, Susan, moved out of the house to a rented apartment in Crescent, Oklahoma.Nicks 2012, pp. 19–20{{cite web |url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/ |title=The Private Life of Bradley Manning |work=PBS |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 6, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200206052145/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/ |url-status=live}}[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/brian-manning.html "Interview Brian Manning"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170427122644/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/brian-manning.html |date=April 27, 2017 }} (transcript)[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/jordan-davis.html "Interview Jordan Davis"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180111224025/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/jordan-davis.html |date=January 11, 2018 }} (transcript), PBS Frontline, March 7, 2011Also see [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}, at "(11:36:34 AM) bradass87". Susan's instability continued, and in 1998 she attempted suicide; Manning's sister drove their mother to the hospital, with the 11-year-old Manning sitting in the back of the car trying to make sure their mother was still breathing.

Manning's father remarried in 2000, the same year as his divorce. His new wife, also named Susan, had a son from a previous relationship. When the son changed his surname to Manning too, Chelsea felt rejected, telling her mother, "I'm nobody now, Mom."

In November 2001, aged 14, Manning and her mother left the U.S., moving to Haverfordwest, Wales, where her mother had family. Manning attended the town's Tasker Milward secondary school. A school friend there told Ed Caesar for The Sunday Times that Manning's personality was "unique, extremely unique. Very quirky, very opinionated, very political, very clever, very articulate."{{Cite news |url= http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 |title=Manning Article |date=December 19, 2010 |work=The Sunday Times |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160311233057/http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 |archive-date=March 11, 2016 |last=Caesar |first=Ed}}{{Cite magazine |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=July 13, 2011 |title=Manning Lamo Logs |work=Wired |access-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |url-status=live}} Manning's interest in computers continued, and in 2003, she and a friend, James Kirkpatrick, set up an online message board, angeldyne.com,{{cite web |url= http://www.angeldyne.com/ |work=angeldyne.com |title=Online message board created by Manning and James Kirkpatrick |access-date=December 7, 2003 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20031207022141/http://www.angeldyne.com/ |archive-date=December 7, 2003}} that offered games and music downloads.{{cite news |url= http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 |last=Caesar |first=Ed |date=December 19, 2010 |work=The Sunday Times |title=Manning article |access-date=April 5, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130514070751/http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 |archive-date=May 14, 2013}}{{Cite news |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=July 13, 2011 |title=Manning Lamo Logs |access-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |url-status=live}}

The only American at her school, and viewed as effeminate, Manning was bullied. In Oklahoma, she had come out to a few friends as gay, but was not open about it at school in Wales.Leigh and Harding 2011, p. 24{{cite web |url= http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ |author=Nicks |date=September 23, 2010 |title=Private Manning and the Making of Wikileaks |work=ThisLandPress.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ |archive-date=April 29, 2011}} The students frequently mocked her accent. Once, they abandoned her during a camping trip. Her aunt told The Washington Post that Manning had awoken to an empty campsite after the other campers had left without her.

After completing high school in 2005 at age 17{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_story.html |title=Who is WikiLeaks suspect Bradley Manning? |last=Nakashima |first=Ellen |work=The Washington Post |date=May 8, 2011 |access-date=January 31, 2018 |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230212031257/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_story.html |url-status=live}} and fearing her mother was becoming too ill to cope, Manning returned to the U.S.{{Cite magazine |work=Wired |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |last=Hansen |first=Evan |date=July 13, 2011 |title=Manning Lamo Logs |access-date=March 6, 2017 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |url-status=live}}Nicks 2012, pp. 23–24. She moved in with her father, then living in Oklahoma City with his second wife and her child. Manning landed employment as a developer for the software company Zoto. She was apparently happy there, but was let go after four months. Her boss told The Washington Post that on a few occasions Manning had "just locked up" and would simply sit and stare, and in the end, communication became too difficult. The boss told the newspaper that "nobody's been taking care of this kid for a really long time".[http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index2.html Fishman, July 3, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221004014504/http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index2.html |date=October 4, 2022 }}, p. 3For Zoto and Campbell, see [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}.

By then, Manning was living as an openly gay man. Her relationship with her father was apparently good, but there were problems between Manning and her stepmother. In March 2006, Manning reportedly threatened her stepmother with a knife during an argument about Manning's failure to get another job; her stepmother called the police, and Manning was asked to leave the house. Manning drove to Tulsa in a pickup truck her father had given her. At first she slept in it, before moving in with a friend from school. The two got jobs at Incredible Pizza in April. Manning moved on to Chicago before running out of money and again having nowhere to stay. Her mother arranged for Brian's sister, Debra, a lawyer in Potomac, Maryland, to take Manning in. American journalist and Manning biographer Denver Nicks wrote that the 15 months Manning spent with her aunt were among the stablest of her life. Manning had a boyfriend, took several low-paid jobs, and spent a semester studying history and English at Montgomery College but left after failing an exam.Nicks 2012, pp. 24–25, 51–56.[http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index2.html Fishman, July 3, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221004014504/http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index2.html |date=October 4, 2022 }}, p. 3.For the jobs, see [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230207072013/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ |date=February 7, 2023 }}, PBS Frontline, March 2011.

File:Bradley Manning US Army.jpg

Manning's father spent weeks in 2007 asking her to consider joining the Army. Hoping to gain a college education through the G.I. Bill, and perhaps to study for a PhD in physics, she enlisted in September that year.Nicks 2012, p. 57For the PhD in physics, see [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}.Also see [http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index3.html Fishman, July 3, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200303222637/https://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index3.html |date=March 3, 2020 }}, p. 4. She told her Army supervisor later that she had also hoped joining such a masculine environment would resolve her gender dysphoria.

Manning began basic training at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, on October 2, 2007. She wrote that she soon realized she was neither physically nor mentally prepared for it.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 2. Six weeks after enlisting, she was sent to the discharge unit. She was allegedly being bullied, and according to another soldier, was having a breakdown. The soldier told The Guardian: "The kid was barely five foot ... [She] was a runt, so pick on [her]. [She's] crazy, pick on [her]. [She's] a faggot, pick on [her]. The [girl] took it from every side. [She] couldn't please anyone." Nicks writes that Manning, who was used to being bullied, fought back—if the drill sergeants screamed at her, she would scream at them—to the point where they started calling her "General Manning".For concerns about her stability, see [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}.For basic training and the video interview with the soldier, see Smith, Teresa et al. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-wikileaks-iraq-video "The madness of Bradley Manning?"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230210103807/https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-wikileaks-iraq-video |date=February 10, 2023 }}, The Guardian, May 27, 2011; soldier's interview begins 07:10 mins.For a transcript of the interview, see [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/28/bradley-manning-video-transcript-wikileaks "Bradley Manning: fellow soldier recalls 'scared, bullied kid'"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221206153715/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/28/bradley-manning-video-transcript-wikileaks |date=December 6, 2022 }}, The Guardian, May 28, 2011.For the drill sergeants and "General Manning", see Nicks 2012, p. 62.

The decision to discharge her was revoked, and she started basic training again in January 2008. After graduating in April, she moved to Fort Huachuca, Arizona, to attend Advanced Individual Training (AIT) for Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) 35F, intelligence analyst, receiving a TS/SCI security clearance (Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information). According to Nicks, this security clearance, combined with the digitization of classified information and the government's policy of sharing it widely, gave Manning access to an unprecedented amount of material. Nicks writes that Manning was reprimanded while at Fort Huachuca for posting three video messages to friends on YouTube in which she described the inside of the Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility (SCIF) where she worked.For restarting basic training in January 2008, see Nicks 2012, p. 73.For the top-security clearance, see [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}For the "TS/SCI security clearance", see Nicks 2012, p. 116.For "unprecedented access to state secrets", see Nicks 2012, p. 117; also see [http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index1.html Fishman, July 3, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181204124704/http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index1.html |date=December 4, 2018 }}, p. 2.For the reprimand regarding YouTube, see [https://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ Nicks, September 23, 2010]; also see Nicks 2012, p. 75. Upon completion of her initial MOS course, Manning received the Army Service Ribbon and the National Defense Service Medal.[http://topics.wsj.com/person/M/bradley-manning/6200 "Bradley Manning"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170301224452/http://topics.wsj.com/person/M/bradley-manning/6200 |date=March 1, 2017 }}, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 31, 2014.

File:Bradley Manning 2 (cropped).jpg

In August 2008, Manning was sent to Fort Drum in Jefferson County, New York, where she joined the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, and trained for deployment to Iraq.Nicks 2012, p. 82.

Back at Fort Drum, she continued to display emotional problems and by August 2009 had been referred to an Army mental-health counselor.For the introduction to lobbyists and others, see Nicks 2012, p. 85.For the emotional problems and referral to a counselor, see [http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/ Fishman, July 3, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110706033751/http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/ |date=July 6, 2011 }}, p. 1, and Nicks 2012, p. 114.

After four weeks at the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) in Fort Polk, Louisiana, Manning was deployed to Forward Operating Base Hammer, near Baghdad, arriving in October 2009. From her workstation there, she had access to SIPRNet (the Secret Internet Protocol Router Network) and JWICS (the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System). Two of her superiors had discussed not taking her to Iraq; it was felt she was a risk to herself and possibly others, according to a statement the Army later issued—but the shortage of intelligence analysts dictated their decision to take her.For her time in Fort Polk, and for "risk to himself and possibly others", see Nicks 2012, pp. 114–115; for Forward Operating Base Hammer, see pp. 123–124.For "risk to himself", also see [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}, and [http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/04/29/accused-wikileaker-bradley-manning-s-dream-of-becoming-president.html "Accused WikiLeaker Bradley Manning's Dream of Becoming President"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130809103358/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/04/29/accused-wikileaker-bradley-manning-s-dream-of-becoming-president.html |date=August 9, 2013 }}, Newsweek, April 12, 2012 (excerpt from Nicks 2012). In November 2009, she was promoted from Private First Class to Specialist.[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230207072013/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ |date=February 7, 2023 }}, PBS Frontline, March 2011.

Manning was by all accounts unhappy and isolated. Because of the military's "Don't ask, don't tell" (DADT) policy (in effect until September 20, 2011), she was unable to live as an openly gay man without risk of being discharged. Manning's working conditions in the military included 14- to 15-hour night shifts in a tightly packed, dimly lit room.[http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index3.html Fishman, July 3, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200303222637/https://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index3.html |date=March 3, 2020 }}, p. 4.

On December 20, 2009, during a counseling session with two colleagues to discuss her poor time-keeping, Manning was told she would lose her one day off a week for persistent lateness. She responded by overturning a table, damaging a computer that was sitting on it. A sergeant moved Manning away from the weapons rack, and other soldiers pinned her arms behind her back and dragged her out of the room. Several witnesses to the incident believed her access to sensitive material ought to have been withdrawn at that point.Nicks 2012, pp. 133–134.Radia, Kirit and Martinez, Luis. [https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/12/bradley-manning-defense-reveals-alter-ego-named-brianna-manning/ "Bradley Manning Defense Reveals Alter Ego Named 'Breanna Manning'"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200727220605/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/12/bradley-manning-defense-reveals-alter-ego-named-brianna-manning/ |date=July 27, 2020 }}, ABC News, December 17, 2011.{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Matt |last2=Pilkington |first2=Ed |date=December 18, 2011 |title=Bradley Manning hearing told of lax security at military intelligence unit |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/18/bradley-manning-wikileaks-hearing |work=The Guardian |access-date=December 11, 2016 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529135836/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/18/bradley-manning-wikileaks-hearing |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Lewis |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Lewis (journalist) |date=August 12, 2013 |title=Bradley Manning flipped a table during counseling, defence tells hearing |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/bradley-manning-court-martial-sentencing |work=The Guardian |access-date=December 11, 2016 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529135831/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/12/bradley-manning-court-martial-sentencing |url-status=live}} The next month, January 2010, she began posting on Facebook that she felt hopeless and alone.[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230207072013/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ |date=February 7, 2023 }}, PBS Frontline, March 2011, and Blake, Heidi; Bingham, John; and Rayner, Gordon. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7918632/Bradley-Manning-suspected-source-of-Wikileaks-documents-raged-on-his-Facebook-page.html "Bradley Manning, suspected source of WikiLeaks documents, raged on his Facebook page"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180112043917/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/afghanistan/7918632/Bradley-Manning-suspected-source-of-Wikileaks-documents-raged-on-his-Facebook-page.html |date=January 12, 2018 }}, The Daily Telegraph, July 30, 2010.

Manning said her first contact with WikiLeaks was in January 2010, when she began to interact with them on IRC and Jabber. She had first noticed them toward the end of November 2009, when they posted 570,000 pager messages from the September 11 attacks.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 11.

{{quote box

|quote=

Items of historic significance of two wars Iraq and Afghanistan Significant Activity, Sigacts, between 0001 January 2004 and 2359 31 December 2009 extracts from CSV documents from the Department of Defense and CDNE database.

These items have already been sanitized of any source identifying information.

You might need to sit on this information for 90 to 180 days to best send and distribute such a large amount of data to a large audience and protect the source.

This is one of the most significant documents of our time removing the fog of war and revealing the true nature of 21st century asymmetric warfare.

Have a good day.

|fontsize=95%

|bgcolor=

|width=40%

|align=right

|quoted=true

|salign=right

|source=Manning, January 9, 2010

}}

On January 5, 2010, Manning downloaded the 400,000 documents that became known as the Iraq War logs. On January 8, she downloaded 91,000 documents from the Afghanistan database, later known as part of the Afghan War logs. She saved the material on a CD-RW and smuggled it through security by labeling the CD-RW media "Lady Gaga" and storing it in a Gaga CD case. She lip-synced to Lady Gaga music to make it appear that she was using the classified computer's CD player to listen to music.{{Cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/09/world/09breach.html?_r=0 |title=Loophole May Have Aided Theft of Classified Data |last=Shanker |first=Tom |date=July 8, 2010 |access-date=November 15, 2014 |work=The New York Times |archive-date=March 6, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023449/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/09/world/09breach.html?_r=0 |url-status=live}} She then copied it onto her personal computer.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 13. The next day, she wrote a message in a readme.txt file, which she told the court was initially intended for The Washington Post.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 16.

Manning copied the files from her laptop to an SD card for her camera so that she could take it with her to the U.S. while on R&R leave. Army investigators later found the card in Manning's room in her aunt's home in Potomac, Maryland. On January 23, Manning flew to the U.S. via Germany for two weeks of leave. It was during this visit that she first went out dressed as a woman, wearing a wig and makeup.Nicks 2012, pp. 131–135, 137–138.For her living as a woman, see Nicks 2012, p. 146.For the details of her leave, see [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230207072013/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ |date=February 7, 2023 }}, PBS Frontline, March 2011. After her arrest, Manning's friend Tyler Watkins told Wired that Manning had said during the visit that she had found some sensitive information and was considering leaking it.{{sfnp|Poulsen|Zetter|2010a}} In 2021, Manning said that while home on leave in 2010, she had reached out to her then-Congressman, Chris Van Hollen, but got no response.{{cite news |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/chelsea-manning-hearing-lawyers-object-to-video-of-u-s-soldiers-killing-civilians-and-laughing |title=Public importance of leaked military secrets crucial to U.S. whistleblower Manning's bid to enter Canada |work=National Post |date=October 7, 2021 |access-date=October 7, 2021 |last=Humphreys |first=Adrian |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529135831/https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/chelsea-manning-hearing-lawyers-object-to-video-of-u-s-soldiers-killing-civilians-and-laughing |url-status=live}}

Manning contacted The Washington Post and The New York Times to ask whether they were interested in the material; the Post reporter did not sound interested, and the Times did not return the call. Manning decided to give it to WikiLeaks, and on February 3 sent them the Iraq and Afghan War logs via Tor. She returned to Iraq on February 11, with no acknowledgment from WikiLeaks that they had received the files.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], pp. 15–16.

On or around February 18, she passed WikiLeaks a diplomatic cable, dated January 13, 2010, from the U.S. Embassy in Reykjavík, Iceland. They published it within hours, which suggested to Manning that they had received the other material, too.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 18. She found the Baghdad helicopter attack ("Collateral murder") video in a Judge Advocate's directory and passed it to WikiLeaks on or around February 21.[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], pp. 18–22. In late March, she sent them a video of the May 2009 Granai airstrike in Afghanistan; this was the video later removed and apparently destroyed by Daniel Domscheit-Berg when he left the organization.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 33.For Domscheit-Berg's destroying the video, see Dorling, Philip. "[http://www.theage.com.au/national/wikileaks-has-more-us-secrets-assange-says-20130305-2fihd.html WikiLeaks has more US secrets, Assange says] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130511072055/http://www.theage.com.au/national/wikileaks-has-more-us-secrets-assange-says-20130305-2fihd.html |date=May 11, 2013 }}". The Age. March 5, 2013.{{efn|WikiLeaks tweeted on January 8, 2010, that they had obtained "encrypted videos of U.S. bomb strikes on civilians", and linked to a story about the airstrike; see [https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/7530875613 "Have encrypted videos ..."], Twitter, January 8, 2010 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20100419143712/https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/7530875613 archived] from the original, May 8, 2012). The tweet said: "Have encrypted videos of US bomb strikes on civilians http://bit.ly/wlafghan2 we need super computer time http://ljsf.org/". Bit.ly is on Wikipedia's spam blacklist, which is why the first link is not live. It leads to Shachtman, Noah. [https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/06/afghan-airstrike-video-goes-down-the-memory-hole/ "Afghan Airstrike Video Goes Down the Memory Hole"], Wired, June 23, 2009.}} Between March 28 and April 9, she downloaded the 250,000 diplomatic cables and on April 10, uploaded them to a WikiLeaks dropbox.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 31.

Manning told the court that, during her interaction with WikiLeaks on IRC and Jabber, she developed a friendship with someone there, believed to be Julian Assange (although neither knew the other's name), which she said made her feel she could be herself. Army investigators found 14 to 15 pages of encrypted chats, in unallocated space on her MacBook's hard drive, between Manning and someone believed to be Assange. She wrote in a statement that the more she had tried to fit in at work, the more alienated she became from everyone around her. The relationship with WikiLeaks had given her a brief respite from the isolation and anxiety.[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk Manning, January 29, 2013], p. 23.

On April 24, 2010, Manning sent an email to her supervisor, Master Sergeant Paul Adkins—with the subject line "My Problem"—saying she was suffering from gender identity disorder. She attached a photograph of herself dressed as a woman and with the filename breanna.jpg.Nicks 2012, pp. 162–163.

• [https://www.rmda.army.mil/foia/FOIA_ReadingRoom/%28a%29%282%29%28D%29%20-%20Records%20released%20to%20the%20public%20under%20t/PFC%20Bradley%20E.%20Manning%20Court-Martial%20Trial%20Documents/DE%20QQQ-From%20Lim%20to%20Kerns.pdf Email from Manning to Lim] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130814203404/https://www.rmda.army.mil/foia/FOIA_ReadingRoom/(a)(2)(D)%20-%20Records%20released%20to%20the%20public%20under%20t/PFC%20Bradley%20E.%20Manning%20Court-Martial%20Trial%20Documents/DE%20QQQ-From%20Lim%20to%20Kerns.pdf|date=August 14, 2013}}, US Army Records Management and Declassification Agency, April 24, 2010. She wrote:Reeve, Elspeth. [http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/08/portrait-mind-bradley-manning/68341 "A Portrait of the Mind of Bradley Manning"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060626/http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/08/portrait-mind-bradley-manning/68341/ |date=October 23, 2013 }}, The Atlantic Wire, August 14, 2013.

{{blockquote|This is my problem. I've had signs of it for a very long time. It's caused problems within my family. I thought a career in the military would get rid of it. It's not something I seek out for attention, and I've been trying very, very hard to get rid of it by placing myself in situations where it would be impossible. But, it's not going away; it's haunting me more and more as I get older. Now, the consequences of it are dire, at a time when it's causing me great pain in itself.}}

Adkins discussed the situation with Manning's therapists, but did not pass the email to anybody above him in his chain of command; he told Manning's court-martial that he was concerned the photograph would be disseminated among other staff.Lewis, Paul. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/13/bradley-manning-email-drag-photo-sentencing "Bradley Manning supervisor 'ignored photo of soldier dressed as woman {{'"}}] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529135837/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/13/bradley-manning-email-drag-photo-sentencing |date=May 29, 2024 }}, The Guardian, August 13, 2013. Captain Steven Lim, Manning's company commander, said he first saw the email after Manning's arrest, when information about hormone replacement therapy was found in Manning's room on base; at that point Lim learned that Manning had been calling herself Breanna.

Manning told former "grey hat" hacker Adrian Lamo that she had set up Twitter and YouTube accounts as Breanna to give her female identity a digital presence, writing to Lamo: "I wouldn't mind going to prison for the rest of my life [for leaking information], or being executed so much, if it wasn't for the possibility of having pictures of me ... plastered all over the world press ... as [a] boy ... the CPU is not made for this motherboard". On April 30, she posted on Facebook that she was utterly lost, and over the next few days wrote that she was "not a piece of equipment", and was "beyond frustrated" and "livid" after being "lectured by ex-boyfriend despite months of relationship ambiguity".Nicks 2012, p. 164, and [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230207072013/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ |date=February 7, 2023 }}, PBS Frontline, March 2011.

On May 7, according to Army witnesses, Manning was found curled in a fetal position in a storage cupboard; she had a knife at her feet and had cut the words "I want" into a vinyl chair. A few hours later she had an altercation with an intelligence analyst, Specialist Jihrleah Showman, during which she punched Showman in the face. The brigade psychiatrist recommended a discharge, referring to an "occupational problem and adjustment disorder". Manning's supervisor removed the bolt from her weapon, making it unable to fire, and she was sent to work in the supply office, although her security clearance remained in place. As punishment for the altercation with Showman, she was demoted from Specialist (E-4) to Private First Class (E-3) three days before her arrest on May 27.For the storage cupboard, the psychiatrist, and the recommended discharge, see [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}.For the same incident, see Nicks 2012, pp. 161–163.For the altercation with the intelligence analyst, see Sanchez, Raf. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8964543/Bradley-Manning-attacked-female-soldier-and-sent-picture-of-himself-as-a-woman.html "Bradley Manning 'attacked female soldier and sent picture of himself as a woman'"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180202151603/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8964543/Bradley-Manning-attacked-female-soldier-and-sent-picture-of-himself-as-a-woman.html |date=February 2, 2018 }}, The Daily Telegraph, December 18, 2011.O'Kane, Maggie et al. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-us-military-outsider "Bradley Manning: the bullied outsider who knew US military's inner secrets"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529135838/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-us-military-outsider |date=May 29, 2024 }}[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-wikileaks-mentally-fragile "WikiLeaks accused Bradley Manning 'should never have been sent to Iraq{{'"}}] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529135833/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/27/bradley-manning-wikileaks-mentally-fragile |date=May 29, 2024 }}, The Guardian, May 27, 2011.

Ellen Nakashima writes that, on May 9, Manning contacted Jonathan Odell, a gay American novelist in Minneapolis, via Facebook, leaving a message that she wanted to speak to him in confidence; she said she had been involved in some "very high-profile events, albeit as a nameless individual thus far".[https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html Nakashima, May 4, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |date=August 30, 2017 }}. On May 19, according to Army investigators, she emailed Eric Schmiedl, a mathematician she had met in Boston, and told him she had been the source of the Baghdad airstrike video. Two days later, she began the series of chats with Adrian Lamo that led to her arrest.Dishneau, David and Jelinek, Pauline. [http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2011/12/19/letter_suggests_manning_wanted_to_make_history/ "Witness: Manning said leak would lift 'fog of war{{'"}}] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120725123426/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2011/12/19/letter_suggests_manning_wanted_to_make_history/ |date=July 25, 2012 }}, Associated Press, December 19, 2011.

• Also see Nicks 2012, p. 164.

{{Further|Information published by WikiLeaks}}

File:26C3 Assange DomscheitBerg.jpg and Daniel Domscheit-Berg at the Chaos Communication Congress, Berlin, December 2009]]

WikiLeaks was set up in late 2006 as a disclosure portal, initially using the Wikipedia model, where volunteers would write up restricted or legally threatened material submitted by whistleblowers. Julian Assange—an Australian Internet activist and journalist, and the {{lang|la|de facto}} editor-in-chief of WikiLeaks—had the idea of creating what Ben Laurie called an "open-source, democratic intelligence agency". The open-editing aspect was soon abandoned, but the site remained open for anonymous submissions.Leigh and Harding 2011, pp. 52–56.

According to Daniel Domscheit-Berg, a former WikiLeaks spokesperson, part of the site's security concept was that they did not know who their sources were. The New York Times wrote in December 2010 that the U.S. government was trying to discover whether Assange had been a passive recipient of material from Manning or had encouraged or helped her to extract the files, in which case he could be charged with conspiracy. Manning told Lamo in May 2010 that she had developed a working relationship with Assange, communicating directly with him using an encrypted Internet conferencing service, but knew little about him. WikiLeaks did not identify Manning as their source.For WikiLeaks security, see Domscheit-Berg 2011, p. 165.For the US government trying to determine whether Assange encouraged Manning, see: {{cite news |last=Savage |first=CharlieTries to Build Case for Conspiracy |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/world/16wiki.html |title=U.S. Tries to Build Case for Conspiracy by WikiLeaks |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170422132318/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/world/16wiki.html |archive-date=April 22, 2017 |work=The New York Times |date=December 15, 2010}}For Manning's chats with Lamo, see [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}. Army investigators found pages of chats on Manning's computer between Manning and someone believed to be Assange. Nicks writes that, despite this, no decisive evidence was found of Assange's offering Manning any direction.Nicks 2012, p. 155.

On February 18, 2010, WikiLeaks posted the first of the material from Manning, the diplomatic cable from the U.S. Embassy in Reykjavík, a document now known as "Reykjavik13".{{Cite news |last=Myers |first=Steven Lee |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/world/middleeast/07wikileaks.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100709173529/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/world/middleeast/07wikileaks.html |archive-date=July 9, 2010 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Charges for Soldier Accused of Leak |work=The New York Times |date=July 6, 2010}}For Manning calling Reykjavik13 a "test document", see [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}[https://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ Nicks, September 23, 2010]. On March 15, WikiLeaks posted a 32-page report written in 2008 by the U.S. Department of Defense about WikiLeaks itself, and on March 29 it posted U.S. State Department profiles of politicians in Iceland.For the publishing sequence, see Leigh and Harding 2011, p. 70.For the leak of the Defense Dept report on WikiLeaks, see Kravets, David. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/03/wikileaks-army/ "Secret Document Calls Wikileaks 'Threat' to U.S. Army"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140208195610/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/03/wikileaks-army/ |date=February 8, 2014 }}, Wired, March 15, 2010.For the Defense Dept report itself, see Assange, Julian. [https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/03/wikithreat.pdf "U.S. intelligence planned to destroy WikiLeaks"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170608080316/https://www.wired.com/images_blogs/threatlevel/2010/03/wikithreat.pdf |date=June 8, 2017 }}, WikiLeaks release on March 15, 2010, of Horvath, Michael D. "Wikileaks.org – An Online Reference to Foreign Intelligence Services, Insurgents, or Terrorist Groups?", United States Army Counterintelligence Center, Department of Defense Counterintelligence Analysis Program, March 18, 2008.

File:CollateralMurder.ogv video in early 2010.{{Cite news |title=Open Secrets: WikiLeaks, War and American Diplomacy |type=Unedited version |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/projects/2011/video/opensecrets/index.html |date=January 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180418082625/https://www.nytimes.com/projects/2011/video/opensecrets/index.html |archive-date=April 18, 2018}}{{Cite news |title=Open Secrets: WikiLeaks, War and American Diplomacy |type=Edited version |work=The New York Times |date=January 2011 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/projects/2011/video/opensecrets/edited.html |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110127140640/https://www.nytimes.com/projects/2011/video/opensecrets/edited.html |archive-date=January 27, 2011}}]]

{{Further|July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike}}

WikiLeaks named the Baghdad airstrike video "Collateral Murder", and Assange released it on April 5, 2010, during a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. The video showed two US helicopters firing on a group of 10 men in the Amin District of Baghdad. Among the people killed in the attack were two Reuters employees, who were there to photograph an American Humvee under attack by the Mahdi Army. The U.S. pilots mistook their cameras for weapons. The helicopters also fired on a van, targeted earlier by one helicopter, that had stopped to help wounded members of the first group. Two children in the van were wounded, and their father was killed. The pilots also attacked a building where retreating insurgents were holed up. The Washington Post wrote that the video, viewed by millions, putWikiLeaks "on the map". According to Nicks, Manning emailed a superior officer after the video aired and tried to persuade her that it was the same version as the one stored on SIPRNet. Nicks writes that it seemed as though Manning wanted to be caught.Nicks 2012, pp. 157–161.{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |author=Nakashima |date=May 4, 2011 |work=The Washington Post Magazine |title=Who is WikiLeaks Suspect Bradley Manning? |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=August 30, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170320/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html |url-status=live}}

{{Further|Afghan War documents leak|Iraq War documents leak}}

On July 25, 2010, WikiLeaks and three media partners—The New York Times, The Guardian, and Der Spiegel—began publishing the 91,731 documents that, in their entirety, became known as the Afghan War Logs. (Around 77,000 of these had been published as of May 2012.) This was followed on October 22, 2010, by 391,832 classified military reports covering the period January 2004 to December 2009, which became known as the Iraq War Logs. Nicks writes that the publication of the former was a watershed moment, the "beginning of the information age exploding upon itself".For Nicks's analysis, see Nicks 2012, pp. 191–193For the number of documents in the Afghan and Iraq War logs and Cablegate, and for the publication dates, see Nicks 2012, pp. 204, 206.

{{Further|United States diplomatic cables leak|Guantanamo Bay files leak}}

Manning was also responsible for the "Cablegate" leak of 251,287 State Department cables, written by 271 American embassies and consulates in 180 countries, dated December 1966 to February 2010. Assange passed the cables to his three media partners, plus El País and others, and they were published in stages from November 28, 2010, with the names of sources removed. WikiLeaks said it was the largest set of confidential documents ever released into the public domain.Leigh and Harding, 2011, p. 70 for the publishing sequence; pp. 194ff for the material WikiLeaks published.For Manning's chat with Adrian Lamo, see [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}. WikiLeaks published the remaining cables, unredacted, on September 1, 2011, after David Leigh and Luke Harding of The Guardian inadvertently published the passphrase for a file that was still online;{{cite web |last=Greenwald |first=Glenn |author-link=Glenn Greenwald |title=Facts and myths in the WikiLeaks/Guardian saga |url= http://www.salon.com/2011/09/02/wikileaks_28/singleton/ |work=Salon |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120229014538/http://www.salon.com/2011/09/02/wikileaks_28/singleton/ |archive-date=February 29, 2012 |date=September 2, 2011}}Stöcker, Christian. [http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,783778,00.html "A Dispatch Disaster in Six Acts"], Der Spiegel, September 1, 2011; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903181457/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,783778,00.html archived] from the original on March 7, 2012.Mackey, Robert et al. [http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/all-leaked-u-s-cables-were-made-available-online-as-wikileaks-splintered/?scp=9&sq=Julian+Assange&st=nyt "All Leaked U.S. Cables Were Made Available Online as WikiLeaks Splintered"], The New York Times, September 1, 2011; [https://web.archive.org/web/20121011002500/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/01/all-leaked-u-s-cables-were-made-available-online-as-wikileaks-splintered/?scp=9&sq=Julian+Assange&st=nyt archived] from the original on March 7, 2012. Nicks writes that an Ethiopian journalist consequently had to leave his country, and the U.S. government said it had to relocate several sources.For the Ethiopian journalist and the relocation of sources, see Nicks 2012, p. 208.

Manning was accused of being the source of the Guantanamo Bay files leak obtained by WikiLeaks in 2010 and published by The New York Times and The Guardian in April 2011.{{Cite news |last=Leigh |first=David |date=April 25, 2011 |title=What are the Guantánamo Bay files? Understanding the prisoner dossiers |work=The Guardian |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/what-are-guantanamo-files-explained |access-date=July 16, 2020 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140348/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/what-are-guantanamo-files-explained |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Charlie |author1-link=Charlie Savage (author) |last2=Glaberson |first2=William |last3=Lehren |first3=Andrew W. |date=April 24, 2011 |title=Classified Files Offer New Insights Into Detainees |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/25/world/guantanamo-files-lives-in-an-american-limbo.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110426162936/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/25/world/guantanamo-files-lives-in-an-american-limbo.html |archive-date=April 26, 2011 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |access-date=July 16, 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news |last1=Leigh |first1=David |author-link1=David Leigh (journalist) |last2=Ball |first2=James |author-link2=James Ball (journalist) |last3=Cobain |first3=Ian |author-link3=Ian Cobain |last4=Burke |first4=Jason |author-link4=Jason Burke |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/25/guantanamo-files-lift-lid-prison |date=April 24, 2011 |title=Guantánamo leaks lift lid on world's most controversial prison |work=The Guardian |access-date=December 11, 2016 |archive-date=June 26, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110626230514/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/25/guantanamo-files-lift-lid-prison |url-status=live}}Nicks 2012, p. 153. Manning said she gave WikiLeaks a video in March 2010 of the Granai airstrike in Afghanistan. The airstrike occurred on May 4, 2009, in the village of Granai, Afghanistan, killing 86 to 147 Afghan civilians. The video was never published; Assange said in March 2013 that Daniel Domscheit-Berg had taken it with him when he left WikiLeaks and had apparently destroyed it.

File:Lamo-Mitnick-Poulsen.png (left) and Wired{{'s}} Kevin Poulsen (right) in 2001. The person in the middle, Kevin Mitnick, had no involvement in the Manning case.]]

On May 20, 2010, Manning contacted Adrian Lamo, a former "grey hat" hacker convicted in 2004 of having accessed The New York Times's computer network two years earlier without permission. Lamo had been profiled that day by Kevin Poulsen in Wired magazine; the story said Lamo had been involuntarily hospitalized and diagnosed with Asperger syndrome.{{sfnp|Poulsen|2010}} Poulsen, by then a reporter, was himself a former hacker who had used Lamo as a source several times since 2000.For:

• Poulsen's relationship with Lamo, see [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/11/opinion/main7233405.shtml Last, January 11, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130515171830/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/11/opinion/main7233405.shtml |date=May 15, 2013 }};
• Lamo's conviction, see: Shachtman, Noah, [https://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2004/01/61831 "Adrian Lamo Cuts Deal With Feds"], Wired, January 9, 2004;
• more on the relationship, see: {{harvp|Greenwald|2010a}};
• Wired's response to Greenwald, see: [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/#update123110 Hansen, Poulsen, December 28, 2010] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140209092525/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/#update123110 |date=February 9, 2014 }}. In 2002, Poulsen told The New York Times that Lamo had gained unauthorized access to its network; he then wrote the story up for SecurityFocus. Lamo would hack into a system, tell the organization, then offer to fix its security, often using Poulsen as a go-between.Hulme, George V. [http://www.informationweek.com/news/6502813 "With Friends Like This"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110921142723/http://www.informationweek.com/news/6502813 |date=September 21, 2011 }}, InformationWeek, July 8, 2002.

Lamo said Manning sent him several encrypted emails on May 20. He said he was unable to decrypt them but replied anyway and invited the emailer to chat on AOL IM. Lamo said he later turned the emails over to the FBI without having read them.{{harvp|Greenwald|2010a}}: "Lamo told me that Manning first emailed him on May 20 and, according to highly edited chat logs released by Wired, had his first online chat with Manning on May 21; in other words, Manning first contacted Lamo the very day that Poulsen's Wired article on Lamo's involuntary commitment appeared (the Wired article is time-stamped 5:46 p.m. on May 20). ... Lamo, however, told me that Manning found him not from the Wired article—which Manning never mentioned reading—but from searching the word 'WikiLeaks' on Twitter, which led her to a tweet Lamo had written that included the word 'WikiLeaks.' Even if Manning had really found Lamo through a Twitter search for 'WikiLeaks,' Lamo could not explain why Manning focused on him, rather than the thousands of other people who have also mentioned the word 'WikiLeaks' on Twitter, including countless people who have done so by expressing support for WikiLeaks."{{sfnp|Greenwald|2010b}}

In a series of chats between May 21 and 25, Manning—using the handle "bradass87"—told Lamo that she had leaked classified material. She introduced herself as an Army intelligence analyst, and within 17 minutes, without waiting for a reply, alluded to the leaks.[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}; also see Nicks 2012, pp. 171–184.

Lamo replied several hours later. He said: "I'm a journalist and a minister. You can pick either, and treat this as a confession or an interview (never to be published) & enjoy a modicum of legal protection." They talked about restricted material in general, then Manning made her first explicit reference to the leaks: "This is what I do for friends." She linked to a section of the May 21, 2010, version of Wikipedia's article on WikiLeaks, which described the WikiLeaks release in March that year of a Department of Defense report on WikiLeaks itself. She added "the one below that is mine too"; the section below in the same article referred to the leak of the Baghdad airstrike ("Collateral Murder") video.For the section and revision of the Wikipedia article Manning linked to, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WikiLeaks&oldid=363360017#U.S._Intelligence_report_on_Wikileaks "U.S. Intelligence report on Wikileaks"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220621232013/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WikiLeaks&oldid=363360017#U.S._Intelligence_report_on_Wikileaks |date=June 21, 2022 }}, Wikipedia, May 21, 2010. Manning said she felt isolated and fragile, and was reaching out to someone she hoped might understand.

Manning said she had started to help WikiLeaks around Thanksgiving in November 2009—which fell on November 26 that year—after WikiLeaks had released the 9/11 pager messages; the messages were released on November 25. She told Lamo she had recognized that the messages came from an NSA database and that seeing them had made her feel comfortable about stepping forward. Lamo asked what kind of material Manning was dealing with; Manning replied: "uhm ... crazy, almost criminal political backdealings ... the non-PR-versions of world events and crises ..." Although she said she dealt with Assange directly, Manning also said Assange had adopted a deliberate policy of knowing very little about her, telling Manning: "lie to me".

Lamo again assured her that she was speaking in confidence. Manning wrote: "but im not a source for you ... im talking to you as someone who needs moral and emotional fucking support", and Lamo replied: "i told you, none of this is for print."

Manning said the incident that had affected her the most was when the Iraqi Federal Police arrested 15 detainees for printing anti-Iraqi literature. The Army asked her to find out who the "bad guys" were, and she discovered that the detainees had followed what Manning said was a corruption trail within the Iraqi cabinet. She reported this to her commanding officer, but said "he didn't want to hear any of it"; she said the officer told her to help the Iraqi police find more detainees. Manning said it made her realize "i was actively involved in something that i was completely against".

She said, "I cant separate myself from others ... I feel connected to everybody ... like they were distant family", citing Carl Sagan, Richard Feynman and Elie Wiesel. She said she hoped the material would lead to "hopefully worldwide discussion, debates, and reforms. if not ... than [sic] we're doomed as a species." She said she had downloaded the material onto Lady Gaga music CD-RWs, erased the music and replaced it with a compressed split file. Part of the reason no one noticed, she said, was that staff were working 14 hours a day, seven days a week, and "people stopped caring after 3 weeks".

Shortly after the first chat with Manning, Lamo discussed the information with Chet Uber of the volunteer group Project Vigilant, which researches cybercrime, and Timothy Webster, a friend who had worked in Army counterintelligence.Nicks 2012, p. 179. Both advised Lamo to go to the authorities. His friend informed the Army's Criminal Investigation Command (CID), and Lamo was contacted by CID agents shortly thereafter. He told them he believed Manning was endangering lives.[http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 Caesar, December 19, 2010] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130514070751/http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 |date=May 14, 2013 }}.

• For more on Lamo approaching the authorities, see Zetter, Kim. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/adrian-lamo-bradley-manning/ "In WikiLeaks Case, Bradley Manning Faces the Hacker Who Turned Him In"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140329024543/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/adrian-lamo-bradley-manning |date=March 29, 2014 }}, Wired, December 2011. The hacker community largely ostracized him afterward, but Nicks argues that it was thanks to Lamo that the government had months to ameliorate any harm caused by the release of the diplomatic cables.Nicks 2012, p. 232.

On May 25, Lamo met with FBI and Army investigators in California and showed them the chat logs. On or around that date he also passed the story to Kevin Poulsen of Wired, and on May 27 gave him the chat logs and Manning's name under embargo. He met with the FBI again that day, at which point they told him Manning had been arrested in Iraq the day before. Poulsen and Kim Zetter broke the news of the arrest in Wired on June 6.For the first Wired story, see: {{harvp|Poulsen|Zetter|2010a}}.For the sequence of events, see: {{harvp|Greenwald|2010a}}. Wired published around 25% of the chat logs on June 6 and 10, and the full logs in July 2011.[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ Hansen and Poulsen, December 28, 2010] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140209092525/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ |date=February 9, 2014 }};

• the full chat log, see: [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ Hansen, July 13, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110714160225/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ |date=July 14, 2011 }}.

{{Further|List of charges in United States v. Manning{{!}}List of charges in United States v. Manning}}

The Army's Criminal Investigation Command arrested Manning{{sfnp|Poulsen|Zetter|2010a}} on May 27,{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Chelsea J. |date=July 28, 2013 |title=Bradley Manning: Whistle-blower or traitor? He awaits judge's verdict |url= https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/28/us/bradley-manning-case/index.html |access-date=July 9, 2024 |work=CNN}} 2010, and four days later transferred her to Camp Arifjan in Kuwait.{{sfnp|Poulsen|Zetter|2010c}} She was charged with several offenses in July, replaced by 22 charges in March 2011, including violations of Articles 92 and 134 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), and of the Espionage Act. The most serious charge was "aiding the enemy", a capital offense, although prosecutors said they would not seek the death penalty.Nicks 2012, p. 247.

• [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/lifestyle/magazine/2011/manning/manning_charges.pdf "Charge sheet"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170410113323/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/lifestyle/magazine/2011/manning/manning_charges.pdf |date=April 10, 2017 }} Retrieved December 26, 2010.
• For the number of documents involved, and the penalty if convicted, see [https://web.archive.org/web/20110304002951/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/03/02/national/main20038464.shtml "WikiLeaks: Bradley Manning faces 22 new charges"], CBS News, March 2, 2011.
• For date of arrest and transfer to Kuwait, see [https://www.rmda.army.mil/foia/FOIA_ReadingRoom/Detail.aspx?id=84 "AE 494 Ruling Speedy_Trial.pdf"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130812221000/https://www.rmda.army.mil/foia/FOIA_ReadingRoom/Detail.aspx?id=84 |date=August 12, 2013 }}, US Army Records Management and Declassification Agency, Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room. Retrieved June 8, 2013. Another charge, which Manning's defense called a "made-up offense"{{cite web |url= http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/680884-20120718-transcript-of-us-v-pfc-bradley-manning.html |title=see p 5 |work=DocumentCloud.org |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=October 29, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193205/http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/680884-20120718-transcript-of-us-v-pfc-bradley-manning.html |url-status=live}} but of which she was found guilty, read that Manning "wantonly [caused] to be published on the internet intelligence belonging to the U.S. government, having knowledge that intelligence published on the internet is accessible to the enemy".{{cite web |title=US v Pfc. Manning {{pipe}} Criminal Elements and Definitions for Wanton Publication and State Dept, CIA, FBI, and Classified Witnesses |last=O'Brien |first=Alexa |work=AlexaObrien.com |date=June 30, 2013 |url = http://www.alexaobrien.com/secondsight/us_v_pfc_manning_criminal_elements_and_definitions_wanton_publication_state_department_and_fbi_witnesses.html |archive-url = https://archive.today/20130910121131/http://www.alexaobrien.com/secondsight/us_v_pfc_manning_criminal_elements_and_definitions_wanton_publication_state_department_and_fbi_witnesses.html |archive-date=September 10, 2013}}

{{sidebar with collapsible lists

| style="width:24em;"| navbar = off

| title = File:Wikileaks logo.svg Manning–WikiLeaks timeline

| listtitlestyle = text-align:center; border-top:#aaa 1px solid

| liststyle = text-align:left

| listclass = plainlist

| list1title = 2009

| list1 =

• October: Manning sent to Iraq.
• November: Manning finds Baghdad airstrike video.
• November 25: WikiLeaks (WL) publishes 9/11 pager messages.
• November: Manning allegedly contacts WL.

| list2title = 2010

| list2 =

• February 18: WL releases Reykjavik 13 cable, purportedly from Manning.
• March 15: WL releases Defense Dept
  report about WL, purportedly from Manning.
• March 29: WL releases State Dept profiles, purportedly from Manning.
• April 5: WL releases Baghdad airstrike video, purportedly from Manning.
• May 21–25: Manning and Adrian Lamo chat.
• May 27: Manning arrested in Iraq.{{Citation needed|reason=see Date of Arrest at talk page|date=January 2022}}
• June 6: Wired publishes partial Manning–Lamo chat logs.
• July 5: Manning charged.
• July 25: WL releases Afghan War logs, purportedly from Manning.
• July 29: Manning transferred to the US.
• October 22: WL releases Iraq War logs, purportedly from Manning.
• November 28: Newspapers publish US diplomatic cables from WL, purportedly from Manning.

| list3title = 2011

| list3 =

• January: UN Special Rapporteur submits inquiry to US about Manning.
• March 1: Manning charged with more offenses.
• December 16: Article 32 hearing begins.

| list4title = 2012

| list4 =

• February : Manning ordered to stand trial.

| list5title = 2013

| list5 =

• February 28: Manning pleads guilty to 10 of 22 charges.
• June 3: Trial begins.
• July 30: Manning convicted on most charges; acquitted of aiding the enemy.
• August 21: Manning sentenced to 35 years.
• September 4: Manning and her lawyers started seeking a presidential pardon.

}}

While in Kuwait, Manning was placed on suicide watch after her behavior caused concern.Pilkington, Ed. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/30/bradley-manning-keeping-sane-madness "Bradley Manning: how keeping himself sane was taken as proof of madness"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140334/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/30/bradley-manning-keeping-sane-madness |date=May 29, 2024 }}, The Guardian, November 30, 2012. She was moved from Kuwait to the Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, on July 29, 2010, and classified as a maximum custody detainee with Prevention of Injury (POI) status. POI status is a less extreme form of suicide watch, entailing checks by guards every five minutes. Her lawyer, David Coombs, a former military attorney, said Manning was not allowed to sleep between 5 am (7 am on weekends) and 8 pm, and was made to stand or sit up if she tried to. She was required to remain visible at all times, including at night, which entailed no access to sheets, no pillow except one built into her mattress, and a blanket designed not to be shredded. Manning complained that she regarded it as pretrial punishment.[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG Manning, March 10, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110312110608/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG |date=March 12, 2011 }}, p. 7.

Her cell was 6 × 12 ft (1.8 x 3.6 m) with no window, containing a bed, toilet, and sink. The jail had 30 cells built in a U shape, and although detainees could talk to one another, they were unable to see each other. Her lawyer said the guards behaved professionally and had not tried to harass or embarrass Manning. She was allowed to walk for up to one hour a day, meals were taken in the cell, and she was shackled during visits. There was access to television when it was placed in the corridor, and she was allowed to keep one magazine and one book.For a description of the jail, see Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/05/AR2011030503624.html "In brig, WikiLeaks suspect Bradley Manning ordered to sleep without clothing"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171111094635/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/05/AR2011030503624.html |date=November 11, 2017 }}, The Washington Post, March 5, 2011.

• For Manning's lawyer's description, see [http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2010/12/typical-day-for-pfc-bradley-manning.html "A Typical Day for PFC Bradley Manning"], The Law Offices of David E. Coombs, December 18, 2010; from the original on April 6, 2012.
• For Manning's description, see [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG Manning, March 10, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110312110608/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG |date=March 12, 2011 }}, particularly pp. 10–11.
• For the books she requested, see Nicks, Denver. [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/12/17/bradley-manning-wikileaks-alleged-sources-life-in-prison.html "Bradley Manning's Life Behind Bars"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120513011144/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/12/17/bradley-manning-wikileaks-alleged-sources-life-in-prison.html |date=May 13, 2012 }}, The Daily Beast, December 17, 2010. The list was: Decision Points by George W. Bush; Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant; Propaganda by Edward Bernays; The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins; A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn; The Art of War by Sun Tzu; The Good Soldiers by David Finkel; and On War by Gen. Carl von Clausewitz. Because she was in pretrial detention, she received full pay.Marshall, Serena. [https://abcnews.go.com/US/final-arguments-pfc-mannings-wikileaks-case/story?id=15215559#.T4EUD9XNjZw "Court-Martial for Bradley Manning in Wikileaks Case?"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200727215314/https://abcnews.go.com/US/final-arguments-pfc-mannings-wikileaks-case/story?id=15215559#.T4EUD9XNjZw |date=July 27, 2020 }}, ABC News, December 22, 2011, p. 2.

On January 18, 2011, after Manning had an altercation with the guards, the commander of Quantico classified her as a suicide risk.{{cite web |url= http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2011/01/article-138-complaint.html |title=Manning's lawyer David Coombs suicide watch timeline |work=Armycourtmartialdefense.info |date=January 21, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233021/http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2011/01/article-138-complaint.html |archive-date=December 2, 2013 |access-date=June 2, 2014}} Manning said the guards had begun issuing conflicting commands, such as "turn left, don't turn left", and upbraiding her for responding to commands with "yes" instead of "aye". Shortly afterward, she was placed on suicide watch, had her clothing and eyeglasses removed, and was required to remain in her cell 24 hours a day. The suicide watch was lifted on January 21 after her lawyer complained, and the brig commander who ordered it was replaced.Nicks 2012, pp. 240–242.

• For Manning's letter, see [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en Manning, March 10, 2011], pp. 7–8. On March 2, she was told that her request for removal of POI status—which entailed among other things sleeping wearing only boxer shorts—had been denied. Her lawyer said Manning joked to the guards that, if she wanted to harm herself, she could do so with her underwear or her flip-flops. The comment resulted in Manning's being ordered to strip naked in her cell that night and sleep without clothing. On the following morning only, Manning stood naked for inspection. After her lawyer protested and some media attention, Manning was issued a sleeping garment on or before March 11.[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en Manning, March 10, 2011], p. 9ff.
• Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/05/AR2011030503624.html "In brig, WikiLeaks suspect Bradley Manning ordered to sleep without clothing"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171111094635/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/05/AR2011030503624.html |date=November 11, 2017 }}, The Washington Post, March 5, 2011.
• For a sleep garment having been supplied, see Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/11/AR2011031106542.html "WikiLeaks suspect's treatment 'stupid,' U.S. official says"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180129152517/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/11/AR2011031106542.html |date=January 29, 2018 }}, The Washington Post, March 12, 2011.
• Also see [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/opinion/15tue3.html?sq=%22Bradley+Manning%22&scp=2&st=nyt "Editorial; The Abuse of Private Manning"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180728010742/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/opinion/15tue3.html?sq=%22Bradley+Manning%22&scp=2&st=nyt |date=July 28, 2018 }}, The New York Times, March 15, 2011.

The detention conditions prompted national and international concern. Juan E. Méndez, United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture, told The Guardian that the U.S. government's treatment of Manning was "cruel, inhuman and degrading".Pilkington, Ed. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/12/bradley-manning-cruel-inhuman-treatment-un "Bradley Manning's treatment was cruel and inhuman, UN torture chief rules"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161211041550/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/12/bradley-manning-cruel-inhuman-treatment-un |date=December 11, 2016 }}, The Guardian, March 12, 2012. In January 2011, Amnesty International asked the British government to intervene because of Manning's status as a British citizen by descent, although Manning's lawyer said Manning did not regard herself as a British citizen.Pilkington, Ed; Chris McGreal & Steven Morris. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/01/bradley-manning-uk-citizen "Bradley Manning is UK citizen and needs protection, government told"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140354/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/01/bradley-manning-uk-citizen |date=May 29, 2024 }}, The Guardian, February 1, 2011.

• For Manning's view of her nationality, see Coombs, David E. [http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2011/02/clarification-regarding-pfc-mannings.html "Clarification Regarding PFC Manning's Citizenship"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110813220232/http://www.armycourtmartialdefense.info/2011/02/clarification-regarding-pfc-mannings.html |date=August 13, 2011 }}, Law Offices of David E. Coombs, February 2, 2011: "There has been some discussion regarding PFC Bradley Manning's citizenship. PFC Manning does not hold a British passport, nor does he consider himself a British citizen. He is an American and is proud to be serving in the United States Army. His current confinement conditions are troubling to many both here in the United States and abroad. This concern, however, is not a citizenship issue." On March 10, State Department spokesman Philip J. Crowley criticized Manning's treatment as "ridiculous, counterproductive and stupid".Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/11/AR2011031106542.html "WikiLeaks suspect's treatment 'stupid,' U.S. official says"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180129152517/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/03/11/AR2011031106542.html |date=January 29, 2018 }}, The Washington Post, March 12, 2011. The next day, President Obama responded to Crowley's comments, saying the Pentagon had assured him that Manning's treatment was "appropriate and meet[s] our basic standards". Under political pressure, Crowley resigned three days after his comments.Tapper, Jake and Radia, Kirit. [http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/03/state-department-spokesman-pj-crowley-resigned-bradley-manning.html "Comments on Prisoner Treatment Cause State Department Spokesman to Lose His Job"] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110829220059/http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/03/state-department-spokesman-pj-crowley-resigned-bradley-manning.html |date=August 29, 2011 }}, ABC News, March 13, 2011. On March 15, 295 members of the academic legal community signed a statement arguing that Manning was being subjected to "degrading and inhumane pretrial punishment" and criticizing Obama's comments.{{cite web |url= https://balkin.blogspot.com/2011/03/statement-on-private-mannings-detention.html |work=balkin.blogspot.com |date=March 15, 2011 |title=A Statement on Private Manning's Detention |access-date=July 24, 2017 |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170608210753/https://balkin.blogspot.com/2011/03/statement-on-private-mannings-detention.html |url-status=live}} On April 20, the Pentagon transferred Manning to the medium-custody Midwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where she was placed in an 80-square-foot cell with a window and a normal mattress, able to mix with other pretrial detainees and keep personal objects in her cell.Pilkington, Ed. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/04/bradley-manning-jail-conditions-improve "Bradley Manning's jail conditions improve dramatically after protest campaign"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140356/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/04/bradley-manning-jail-conditions-improve |date=May 29, 2024 }}, The Guardian, May 4, 2011.

In April 2011, a panel of experts, having completed a medical and mental evaluation of Manning, ruled that she was fit to stand trial.[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/30/us/30brfs-PANELSAYSWIK_BRF.html?ref=bradleyemanning "Panel Says WikiLeaks Suspect Is Competent to Stand Trial"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170126144644/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/30/us/30brfs-PANELSAYSWIK_BRF.html?ref=bradleyemanning |date=January 26, 2017 }}, Associated Press, April 29, 2011. An Article 32 hearing, presided over by Lieutenant Colonel Paul Almanza, was convened on December 16, 2011, at Fort Meade, Maryland; after the hearing, Almanza recommended that Manning be referred to a general court-martial. She was arraigned on February 23, 2012, and declined to enter a plea.Rizzo, Jennifer [http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/23/bradley-manning-charged/?hpt=hp_t3 "Bradley Manning charged"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120301073859/http://security.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/23/bradley-manning-charged/?hpt=hp_t3 |date=March 1, 2012 }}, CNN, February 23, 2012.

During the Article 32 hearing, the prosecution, led by Captain Ashden Fein, presented 300,000 pages of documents in evidence, including chat logs and classified material.Rath, Arun. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/wikisecrets/what-happened-at-bradley-mannings-hearing-this-week/ "What Happened at Bradley Manning's Hearing This Week?"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924161030/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/wikisecrets/what-happened-at-bradley-mannings-hearing-this-week/ |date=September 24, 2015 }}, PBS Frontline, December 22, 2011. The court heard from two Army investigators: Special Agent David Shaver, head of the digital forensics and research branch of the Army's Computer Crime Investigative Unit (CCIU); and Mark Johnson, a digital forensics contractor from ManTech International, who works for the CCIU. They testified that they had found 100,000 State Department cables on a workplace computer Manning had used between November 2009 and May 2010; 400,000 military reports from Iraq and 91,000 from Afghanistan on an SD card found in her room in her aunt's home in Potomac, Maryland; and 10,000 cables on her personal MacBook Pro and storage devices that they said had not been given to WikiLeaks because a file was corrupted. They also recovered 14 to 15 pages of encrypted chats in unallocated space on Manning's MacBook hard drive between Manning and someone believed to be Assange. Two of the chat handles, which used the Berlin Chaos Computer Club's domain (ccc.de), were associated with the names Julian Assange and Nathaniel Frank.

Johnson said he found SSH logs on the MacBook that showed an SFTP connection from an IP address that resolved to Manning's aunt's home to a Swedish IP address with links to WikiLeaks. Also found was a text file named "Readme", attached to the logs and apparently written by Manning to Assange, which called the Iraq and Afghan War logs "possibly one of the most significant documents of our time, removing the fog of war and revealing the true nature of 21st century asymmetric warfare".Nicks 2012, pp. 137–138; also see [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/manning-assange-laptop/ Zetter, December 19, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140208182918/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/manning-assange-laptop/ |date=February 8, 2014 }}. The investigators testified they had also recovered an exchange from May 2010 between Manning and Eric Schmiedl, a Boston mathematician, in which Manning said she was the source of the Baghdad helicopter attack ("Collateral Murder") video. Johnson said there had been two attempts to delete the material from the MacBook. The operating system had been reinstalled in January 2010, and on or around January 31, 2010, an attempt had been made to erase the hard drive by doing a "zero-fill", which involves overwriting material with zeroes. The material was recovered after the overwrite attempts from unallocated space.For the army investigators' testimony, see [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/manning-assange-laptop/ Zetter, December 19, 2011] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140208182918/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/manning-assange-laptop/ |date=February 8, 2014 }}.

• For more from the army investigators, including the reference to Eric Schmiedl, see Dishneau, David and Jelinek, Pauline. [http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2011/12/19/letter_suggests_manning_wanted_to_make_history/ "Witness: Manning said leak would lift 'fog of war'"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120725123426/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2011/12/19/letter_suggests_manning_wanted_to_make_history/ |date=July 25, 2012 }}, Associated Press, December 19, 2011.
• Also see [http://technology.inquirer.net/6977/investigators-link-wikileaks-suspect-to-assange "Investigators link WikiLeaks suspect to Assange"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120109234423/http://technology.inquirer.net/6977/investigators-link-wikileaks-suspect-to-assange/ |date=January 9, 2012 }}, Agence France-Presse, December 20, 2011.

Manning's lawyers argued that the government had overstated the harm the release of the documents had caused and had overcharged Manning to force her to testify against Assange. The defense also raised questions about whether Manning's confusion over her gender identity affected her behavior and decision making.For the government overcharging Manning, see Zetter, Kim. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/army-manning-hearing/ "Army Piles on Evidence in Final Arguments in WikiLeaks Hearing"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140117051347/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/army-manning-hearing/ |date=January 17, 2014 }}, Wired, December 22, 2011.

• For the gender issues, see Radia, Kirit, and Martinez, Luis. [https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/12/bradley-manning-defense-reveals-alter-ego-named-brianna-manning/ "Bradley Manning Defense Reveals Alter Ego Named 'Breanna Manning'"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200727220605/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/12/bradley-manning-defense-reveals-alter-ego-named-brianna-manning/ |date=July 27, 2020 }}, ABC News, December 17, 2011.

{{Main|United States v. Manning{{!}}United States v. Manning}}

{{Infobox court case

|name = United States v. Manning

|court = United States Army Military District of Washington

|full name = United States of America v. Manning, Bradley E., PFC

|date decided = July 30, 2013

|judges = Colonel Denise Lind

|number of judges = 1

|prior actions = Article 32 hearing, opened December 16, 2011
Formally charged, February 23, 2012
Article 39 (pretrial) hearing, opened April 24, 2012

|italic title = no

}}

The judge, Army Colonel Denise Lind, ruled in January 2013 that any sentence would be reduced by 112 days because of the treatment Manning received at Quantico.Tate, Julie and Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-refuses-to-dismiss-charges-against-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2013/01/08/2eab1f62-59cb-11e2-beee-6e38f5215402_story.html "Judge refuses to dismiss charges against WikiLeaks suspect Bradley Manning"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170608095749/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-refuses-to-dismiss-charges-against-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2013/01/08/2eab1f62-59cb-11e2-beee-6e38f5215402_story.html |date=June 8, 2017 }}, The Washington Post, January 8, 2013. On February 28, Manning pleaded guilty to 10 of the 22 charges. Reading for over an hour from a 35-page statement, she said she had leaked the cables "to show the true cost of war". Prosecutors pursued a court-martial on the remaining charges.O'Brien, Alexa. [http://www.salon.com/2013/03/01/bradley_mannings_full_statement/ "Bradley Manning's full statement"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130504171955/http://www.salon.com/2013/03/01/bradley_mannings_full_statement/ |date=May 4, 2013 }}, Salon, March 1, 2013.

The trial began on June 3, 2013. On July 30, Manning was convicted on 17 of the 22 charges in their entirety, including five counts of espionage and theft, and an amended version of four other charges; she was acquitted of aiding the enemy. The sentencing phase began the next day.

Captain Michael Worsley, a military psychologist who had treated Manning before her arrest, testified that Manning had been left isolated in the Army, trying to deal with gender identity issues in a "hyper-masculine environment". David Moulton, a Navy forensic psychiatrist who saw Manning after the arrest, said Manning had narcissistic traits, and showed signs of both fetal alcohol syndrome and Asperger syndrome. He said that, in leaking the material, Manning had been "acting out [a] grandiose ideation".Hartmann, Margaret. [http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/08/bradley-manning-im-sorry-i-hurt-the-us.html "Ahead of His Sentencing, Bradley Manning Says, 'I'm Sorry I Hurt the United States'"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130826185808/http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/08/bradley-manning-im-sorry-i-hurt-the-us.html |date=August 26, 2013 }}, New York, August 15, 2013.

A defense psychiatrist, testifying to Manning's motives, suggested a different agenda:{{Cite news |last=O'Brien |first=Alex |title=The ethical consistency of Bradley Manning's apology |work=The Guardian |date=18 August 2013 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/16/ethical-consistency-bradley-manning-apology |access-date=22 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529150339/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/16/ethical-consistency-bradley-manning-apology}}

{{blockquote|Well, Pfc Manning was under the impression that [her] leaked information was going to really change how the world views the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and future wars, actually. This was an attempt to crowdsource analysis of the war, and it was [her] opinion that if ... through crowdsourcing, enough analysis was done on these documents, which [she] felt to be very important, that it would lead to a greater good ... that society as a whole would come to the conclusion that the war wasn't worth it ... that really no wars are worth it.}}

On August 14, Manning apologized to the court: "I am sorry that my actions hurt people. I'm sorry that they hurt the United States. I am sorry for the unintended consequences of my actions. When I made these decisions I believed I was going to help people, not hurt people. ... At the time of my decisions, I was dealing with a lot of issues."Kube, Courtney; DeLuca, Matthew; McClam, Erin. [http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/08/14/20020933-im-sorry-that-i-hurt-the-united-states-bradley-manning-apologizes-in-court "I'm sorry that I hurt the United States': Bradley Manning apologizes in court"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130816220246/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/08/14/20020933-im-sorry-that-i-hurt-the-united-states-bradley-manning-apologizes-in-court |date=August 16, 2013 }}, NBC News, August 14, 2013.Courson, Paul. [https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/14/us/manning-sentencing/index.html "Bradley Manning apologizes, tells court he must pay price"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220707182204/https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/14/us/manning-sentencing/index.html |date=July 7, 2022 }}, CNN, August 14, 2013.

Manning's offenses carried a maximum sentence of 90 years.Sledge, Matt. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/21/bradley-manning-sentenced_n_3787492.html "Bradley Manning Sentenced to 35 Years in Prison for WikiLeaks Disclosures"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180718033853/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/21/bradley-manning-sentenced_n_3787492.html |date=July 18, 2018 }}, The Huffington Post, August 21, 2013. The government asked for 60 years as a deterrent to others, while Manning's lawyer asked for no more than 25 years. On August 21 she was sentenced to 35 years in prison, reduction in rank to private (private E-1 or Pvt), forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and a dishonorable discharge.{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-to-sentence-bradley-manning-today/2013/08/20/85bee184-09d0-11e3-b87c-476db8ac34cd_story.html |title=Judge sentences Bradley Manning to 35 years |date=August 21, 2013 |last=Tate |first=Julie |work=The Washington Post |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=December 13, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161213181526/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/judge-to-sentence-bradley-manning-today/2013/08/20/85bee184-09d0-11e3-b87c-476db8ac34cd_story.html |url-status=live}} She was given credit for 1,293 days of pretrial confinement, including 112 days for her treatment at Quantico, and would have been eligible for parole after serving one-third of the sentence. She was confined at the US Disciplinary Barracks (USDB) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

The sentence was criticized as "unjust and unfair"[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/21/bradley-manning-sentence-unjust Bradley Manning: A sentence both unjust and unfair] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140841/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/21/bradley-manning-sentence-unjust |date=May 29, 2024 }}, The Guardian, August 21, 2013. by The Guardian and as "excessive"[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/22/opinion/bradley-mannings-sentence-is-excessive.html Bradley Manning's Excessive Sentence] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155503/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/22/opinion/bradley-mannings-sentence-is-excessive.html |date=January 25, 2017 }} The New York Times, August 21, 2013. by The New York Times.

On April 14, 2014, Manning's request for clemency was denied; the case went to the United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals for further review.Cavaliere, Victoria [https://news.yahoo.com/army-general-upholds-mannings-prison-sentence-wikileaks-case-194630292--sector.html?bcmt=comments-postbox "Army General upholds Manning's prison sentence in WikiLeaks case"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033643/http://news.yahoo.com/army-general-upholds-mannings-prison-sentence-wikileaks-case-194630292--sector.html?bcmt=comments-postbox |date=March 5, 2016 }}, yahoo.com, April 18, 2014.

On September 3, 2013, Manning's lawyer filed a Petition for Commutation of Sentence to President Obama through the pardon attorney at the Department of Justice and Secretary of the Army John M. McHugh.Coombs, David. [https://www.scribd.com/document/165450681/Private-Manning-Pardon-Request-Cover-Letter# "Re: Pardon/Commutation Request For Private Bradley E. Manning"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200727223750/https://www.scribd.com/document/165450681/Private-Manning-Pardon-Request-Cover-Letter |date=July 27, 2020 }}, September 3, 2013.Manning, Bradley. [https://www.scribd.com/doc/165451136/Private-Manning-Pardon-Request "Petition for Commutation of Sentence"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200727210606/https://www.scribd.com/doc/165451136/Private-Manning-Pardon-Request |date=July 27, 2020 }}, September 3, 2013. The petition contended that Manning's disclosures did not cause any "real damage", and that the documents in question did not merit protection, as they were not sensitive. The request included a supporting letter from Amnesty International which said that Manning's leaks had exposed violations of human rights. David Coombs's cover letter touched on Manning's role as a whistleblower, asking that Manning be granted a full pardon or that her sentence be reduced to time served.[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bradley-manning-seeks-presidential-pardon/ "Bradley Manning seeks presidential pardon"], CBS News, September 4, 2013.

• [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/manning-seeks-presidential-pardon-for-leaking-classified-information/2013/09/04/a9128442-15a6-11e3-be6e-dc6ae8a5b3a8_story.html "Manning seeks presidential pardon for leaking classified information"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161120152528/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/manning-seeks-presidential-pardon-for-leaking-classified-information/2013/09/04/a9128442-15a6-11e3-be6e-dc6ae8a5b3a8_story.html |date=November 20, 2016 }}, Associated Press, September 4, 2013.[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-wikileaks-manning/manning-seeks-presidential-pardon-in-wikileaks-case-idUSBRE9830XS20130904 "Manning seeks presidential pardon in WikiLeaks case"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043433/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-wikileaks-manning/manning-seeks-presidential-pardon-in-wikileaks-case-idUSBRE9830XS20130904 |date=December 1, 2017 }}, Reuters, September 4, 2013.

In April 2015, Amnesty International posted online a letter from Manning in which she wrote: "I am now preparing for my court-martial appeal before the first appeals court. The appeal team, with my attorneys Nancy Hollander and Vince Ward, are hoping to file our brief before the court in the next six months. We have already had success in getting the court to respect my gender identity by using feminine pronouns in the court filings (she, her, etc.)."Sunde, Kristin Hulaas. [https://www.amnesty.org/articles/blogs/2015/04/whistleblower-chelsea-manning-thanks-amnesty-activists-for-their-support/ "Whistleblower Chelsea Manning thanks Amnesty activists for their support"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150528183153/https://www.amnesty.org/articles/blogs/2015/04/whistleblower-chelsea-manning-thanks-amnesty-activists-for-their-support/ |date=May 28, 2015 }}, Amnesty International, April 8, 2015.

In November 2016, Manning made a formal petition to Obama to reduce her 35-year sentence to the six years of time she had already served.{{Cite news |last1=Savage |first1=Charlie |title=Chelsea Manning Asks Obama to Cut Sentence to Time Served |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/14/us/politics/chelsea-manning-asks-obama-to-cut-sentence-to-time-served.html |access-date=November 14, 2016 |work=The New York Times |date=November 14, 2016 |archive-date=November 14, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161114024821/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/14/us/politics/chelsea-manning-asks-obama-to-cut-sentence-to-time-served.html |url-status=live}} On December 10, 2016, a White House petition to commute her sentence reached the minimum 100,000 signatures required for an official response.{{Cite news |first=Daniella |last=Silva |title=Chelsea Manning Petition Reaches Threshold for White House Response |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/chelsea-manning-petition-sentence-reaches-threshold-white-house-response-n694586 |access-date=December 20, 2016 |work=NBC News |date=December 11, 2016 |archive-date=December 19, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161219185404/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/chelsea-manning-petition-sentence-reaches-threshold-white-house-response-n694586 |url-status=live}} Lawyers familiar with clemency applications said in December 2016 that a pardon was unlikely; the request did not fit the usual criteria.{{cite web |url= http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/obama-clemency-pardons-edward-snowden-chelsea-manning-requests-233053 |title=Snowden and Manning ask Obama for clemency |last=Gerstein |first=Josh |work=Politico |date=December 30, 2016 |access-date=December 30, 2016 |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161230132301/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/obama-clemency-pardons-edward-snowden-chelsea-manning-requests-233053 |url-status=live}}

In January 2017, a Justice Department source said that Manning was on Obama's short list for a possible commutation.{{Cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Cynthia |last2=Monahan |first2=Kevin |last3=Arkin |first3=William M. |last4=Connor |first4=Tracy |title=Army Leaker Chelsea Manning on Obama's 'Short List' for Commutation |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/army-leaker-chelsea-manning-obama-s-short-list-commutation-n705441 |access-date=January 11, 2017 |work=NBC News |date=January 11, 2017 |archive-date=January 11, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170111124832/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/army-leaker-chelsea-manning-obama-s-short-list-commutation-n705441 |url-status=live}} On January 17, Obama commuted all but four months of Manning's remaining sentence. In a press conference held on January 18, he said that Manning's original 35-year prison sentence was "very disproportionate relative to what other leakers have received" and that "it makes sense to commute—and not pardon—her sentence".{{Cite news |url= http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/obama-commutes-chelsea-manning-s-prison-sentence-1.3939966 |title=Obama commutes Chelsea Manning's prison sentence |work=CBC News |access-date=January 17, 2017 |date=January 17, 2017 |archive-date=January 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170117230538/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/obama-commutes-chelsea-manning-s-prison-sentence-1.3939966 |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |first1=Sabrina |last1=Siddiqui |first2=Ed |last2=Pilkington |title=Obama's final press conference: Chelsea Manning commutation is 'appropriate' |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/18/barack-obama-final-press-conference-chelsea-manning |access-date=January 18, 2017 |work=The Guardian |date=January 18, 2017 |archive-date=January 18, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170118212212/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/18/barack-obama-final-press-conference-chelsea-manning |url-status=live}} In 2021, Forbes reported that Obama's commutation of Manning's sentence was "unconditional".{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeldelcastillo/2021/08/25/chelsea-manning-is-back-and-hacking-again-only-this-time-for-a-bitcoin-based-privacy-startup/ |title=Chelsea Manning Is Back, And Hacking Again, Only This Time For A Bitcoin-Based Privacy Startup |work=Forbes |date=August 25, 2021 |access-date=August 25, 2021 |last=del Castillo |first=Michael |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211001201824/https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeldelcastillo/2021/08/25/chelsea-manning-is-back-and-hacking-again-only-this-time-for-a-bitcoin-based-privacy-startup/ |url-status=live}} Notwithstanding her commutation, Manning's military appeal would continue, with her attorney saying, "We fight in her appeal to clear her name."{{cite web |title=Chelsea Manning, Legal Team on Manning's Upcoming Release from Military Prison |url= https://www.luminairity.com/chelsea-release-statement/ |work=Luminairity |date=May 9, 2017 |access-date=July 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170517065107/https://www.luminairity.com/chelsea-release-statement/ |archive-date=May 17, 2017}}

On January 26, 2017, in her first column for The Guardian since the commutation, Manning lamented that Obama's political opponents consistently refused to compromise, resulting in "very few permanent accomplishments" during his time in office. As The Guardian summarized it, she saw Obama's legacy as "a warning against not being bold enough".{{Cite news |last1=Manning |first1=Chelsea |title=Compromise does not work with our political opponents. When will we learn? |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/25/compromise-doesnt-work-political-opponents-chelsea-manning |access-date=January 26, 2017 |work=The Guardian |date=January 26, 2017 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140842/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/25/compromise-doesnt-work-political-opponents-chelsea-manning |url-status=live}} In response, President Donald Trump tweeted that Manning was an "ungrateful traitor" and should "never have been released".{{Cite news |title=Trump rips 'ungrateful' Chelsea Manning after Obama criticism |url= https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-rips-ungrateful-chelsea-manning-after-obama-criticism |access-date=January 26, 2017 |work=Fox News |date=January 26, 2017 |archive-date=January 26, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170126145852/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/26/trump-rips-ungrateful-chelsea-manning-after-obama-criticism.html |url-status=live}}

File:Chelsea Manning on 18 May 2017.jpg

Manning was released from Fort Leavenworth's detention center at approximately 2 a.m. Central Time on May 17, 2017.{{cite web |url= https://abcnews.go.com/US/exclusive-chelsea-manning-tells-abc-news-past-affect/story?id=47452624 |title=Chelsea Manning released: The past 'is only my starting point, not my final destination' |work=ABC News |date=May 17, 2017 |first=Nadine |last=Shubailai |access-date=June 27, 2020 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200727215325/https://abcnews.go.com/US/exclusive-chelsea-manning-tells-abc-news-past-affect/story?id=47452624 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/17/politics/chelsea-manning-release/ |title=Chelsea Manning released from prison |work=CNN |date=May 17, 2017 |first1=Emanuella |last1=Grinberg |first2=Eliott C. |last2=McLaughlin |access-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170517180251/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/17/politics/chelsea-manning-release/ |url-status=live}} Although sentenced during her court-martial to be dishonorably discharged, Manning was reportedly returned to active unpaid "excess leave" status while her appeal was pending.{{cite news |url= http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-chelsea-manning-release-20170516-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |access-date=May 16, 2017 |date=May 16, 2017 |agency=Associated Press |title=Chelsea Manning to be released from prison Wednesday on special active duty status |archive-date=May 17, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170517033431/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-chelsea-manning-release-20170516-story.html |url-status=live}}

On May 31, 2018, the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals upheld Manning's 2013 court-martial conviction of violating the Espionage Act. The court rejected Manning's contention that the statute was too vague to provide fair notice of the criminal nature of disclosing classified documents. "The facts of this case", the three-judge panel ruled, "leave no question as to what constituted national defense information. Appellant's training and experience indicate, without any doubt, she was on notice and understood the nature of the information she was disclosing and how its disclosure could negatively affect national defense." The court also rejected Manning's assertion that her actions in disclosing classified information related to national security are protected by the First Amendment. Manning, the court found, "had no First Amendment right to make the disclosures—doing so not only violated the nondisclosure agreements she signed but also jeopardized national security".{{cite web |url= http://reason.com/volokh/2018/06/01/chelsea-manning-loses-wikileaks-first-am |title=Chelsea Manning Loses Wikileaks First Amendment Appeal |last=Volokh |first=Eugene |date=June 1, 2018 |work=Reason |access-date=June 1, 2018 |archive-date=June 4, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180604073941/http://reason.com/volokh/2018/06/01/chelsea-manning-loses-wikileaks-first-am |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Blake |first=Andrew |date=June 2, 2018 |title=Chelsea Manning loses appeal in WikiLeaks case |url= https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/2/chelsea-manning-loses-appeal-wikileaks-case/ |work=The Washington Times |access-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180602180018/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/2/chelsea-manning-loses-appeal-wikileaks-case/ |url-status=live}}

On May 30, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces denied Manning's petition for grant of review of the decision of the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals.{{cite web |url= https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov/journal/2019Jrnl/2019May.htm |title=Petition for Grant of Review of the decision of the United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals is Denied |publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces |work=Daily Journal |date=May 30, 2019 |access-date=December 20, 2020 |archive-date=December 21, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201221013730/https://www.armfor.uscourts.gov/journal/2019Jrnl/2019May.htm |url-status=live}}

File:Chelsea Manning on 21 April 2020.jpg during the coronavirus pandemic in April 2020, forty days after her release from jail{{Cite tweet |user=xychelsea |number=1252707736585998336 |title=hi all - been staying safe inside a lot 🏠 doing what i can to help collect & distribute PPE to some of those most in need 🚫🦠 thankful for all your wonderful love and support! we will get through this together 😷🌈💕 #WeGotThis}}]]In February 2019, Manning received a subpoena to testify in a U.S. government case proceeding under prosecutors in Virginia against Assange, the existence of which had been accidentally revealed in November 2018.{{cite web |url= https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/05/politics/chelsea-manning-grand-jury/index.html |title=Judge rejects effort by Chelsea Manning to avoid grand jury testimony |first=David |last=Shortell |work=CNN |date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-date=March 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190307071605/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/05/politics/chelsea-manning-grand-jury/index.html |url-status=live}} Manning objected to the secrecy of the grand jury proceedings and announced she would refuse to testify,{{cite web |url= https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-chelsea-manning-subpoenaed-julian-assange-investigation-20190301-story.html |title=Chelsea Manning subpoenaed to testify before grand jury in Julian Assange investigation |first1=Rachel |last1=Weiner |first2=Ellen |last2=Nakashima |work=Chicago Tribune |date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-date=March 7, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190307204302/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-chelsea-manning-subpoenaed-julian-assange-investigation-20190301-story.html}} saying: "We’ve seen this power abused countless times to target political speech. I have nothing to contribute to this case and I resent being forced to endanger myself by participating in this predatory practice."{{cite news |url= https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/432320-chelsea-manning-subpoenaed-for-testimony-in-julian-assange-probe-reports/ |title=Chelsea Manning subpoenaed for testimony in Julian Assange probe: reports |first=Tal |last=Axelrod |work=The Hill |date=March 2, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-date=March 3, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190303012511/https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/432320-chelsea-manning-subpoenaed-for-testimony-in-julian-assange-probe-reports |url-status=live}} She added that she had provided all the information she had in 2013 during her court martial and that she stood by her previous answers.{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (author) |title=Chelsea Manning Is Jailed for Refusing to Testify in WikiLeaks Case |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/08/us/politics/chelsea-manning-wikileaks-jail.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190308193949/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/08/us/politics/chelsea-manning-wikileaks-jail.html |archive-date=March 8, 2019 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |access-date=April 3, 2019 |work=The New York Times |date=March 8, 2019}}

On March 8, 2019, Manning was found in contempt of court and jailed in the women's wing of a detention center in Alexandria, Virginia, with the judge conditioning her release on her testifying or the grand jury concluding its work.{{cite web |url= https://www.apnews.com/569631f2b11c400cac05a29e0853624b |title=Chelsea Manning jailed for refusing to testify on WikiLeaks |first=Matthew |last=Barakat |work=APNews.com |publisher=Associated Press |date=March 8, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190308154730/https://apnews.com/569631f2b11c400cac05a29e0853624b |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Chelsea Manning: Wikileaks source jailed for refusing to testify |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-47501763 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |work=BBC News |archive-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190308161905/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-47501763 |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Dukakakis |first=Ali |url= https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/chelsea-manning-custody-refusing-testify-secret-grand-jury/story?id=61556616 |title=Chelsea Manning taken into custody for refusing to testify before secret grand jury |work=ABC News |date=March 8, 2019 |access-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-date=March 8, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190308161322/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/chelsea-manning-custody-refusing-testify-secret-grand-jury/story?id=61556616 |url-status=live}} Manning was initially held in administrative segregation for 28 days until she was placed in the general population on April 5, 2019.{{Cite web |url= https://apnews.com/d62b778e9032414aac8488ec6124863e |title=Chelsea Manning no longer held in segregated status at jail |date=April 5, 2019 |work=AP News |access-date=April 11, 2019 |archive-date=April 11, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190411163242/https://apnews.com/d62b778e9032414aac8488ec6124863e |url-status=live}} Her supporters described her period in administrative segregation as "effective solitary confinement" as it involved "up to 22 hours each day spent in isolation".{{cite news |last1=Lartey |first1=Jamiles |title=Chelsea Manning: supporters demand release from solitary confinement |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/chelsea-manning-jail-solitary-confinement-wikileaks |access-date=April 3, 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=March 24, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140842/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/23/chelsea-manning-jail-solitary-confinement-wikileaks |url-status=live}} Officials at the facility said that administrative segregation was used for safety reasons and that prisoners still had access to recreation and social visits during that time. On April 22, 2019, a federal appeals court upheld the trial court's decision holding Manning in contempt and denied Manning's request to be released on bail.{{cite news |last1=Lynch |first1=Sarah |title=U.S. appeals court denies Manning's bail request, upholds contempt finding |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-manning/us-appeals-court-denies-mannings-bail-request-upholds-contempt-finding-idUSKCN1RY14O |access-date=April 24, 2019 |work=Reuters |date=April 22, 2019 |archive-date=April 24, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190424141926/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-manning/us-appeals-court-denies-mannings-bail-request-upholds-contempt-finding-idUSKCN1RY14O |url-status=live}}

After the grand jury's term expired, Manning was released on May 9, 2019, and served with a subpoena to appear before a new grand jury on May 16.{{cite news |title=Chelsea Manning freed from jail – for now |agency=Associated Press |work=The Age |location=Melbourne |date=May 10, 2019 |url= https://www.theage.com.au/world/north-america/chelsea-manning-freed-from-jail-for-now-20190510-p51lzl.html |access-date=May 10, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190510033000/https://www.theage.com.au/world/north-america/chelsea-manning-freed-from-jail-for-now-20190510-p51lzl.html |archive-date=May 10, 2019}} She again refused to testify, saying that she "believe[d] this grand jury seeks to undermine the integrity of public discourse with the aim of punishing those who expose any serious, ongoing, and systemic abuses of power by this government". The court ordered her returned to jail and fined $500 for each day over 30 days and $1,000 for each day over 60 days.{{cite web |last1=Fortin |first1=Jacey |title=Chelsea Manning Ordered Back to Jail for Refusal to Testify in WikiLeaks Inquiry |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/16/us/chelsea-manning-jail.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190517152645/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/16/us/chelsea-manning-jail.html |archive-date=May 17, 2019 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |work=The New York Times |access-date=May 19, 2019 |date=May 16, 2019}}{{cite web |url= https://apnews.com/a8e30d0a29f14d7aa6e2ab7aea31bf49 |title=The Latest: Chelsea Manning ordered back to jail |work=APNews.com |publisher=Associated Press |date=May 16, 2019 |access-date=December 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191216200105/https://apnews.com/a8e30d0a29f14d7aa6e2ab7aea31bf49 |url-status=live}} In June 2019, she challenged the fines because of inability to pay.{{cite news |last1=Weiner |first1=Rachel |title=Chelsea Manning fights fines as she remains in jail for refusing to testify |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/chelsea-manning-fights-fines-as-she-remains-in-jail-for-refusing-to-testify/2019/06/20/7697016e-9368-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html |access-date=November 15, 2019 |work=The Washington Post |date=June 20, 2019 |archive-date=November 15, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191115001524/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/chelsea-manning-fights-fines-as-she-remains-in-jail-for-refusing-to-testify/2019/06/20/7697016e-9368-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html |url-status=live}} On December 30, 2019, United Nations special rapporteur Nils Melzer released a letter dated November 1, 2019, in which he accused the U.S. government of torturing Manning, called for her immediate release, and called for her court fines to be canceled or reimbursed.{{cite web |url= https://www.npr.org/2019/12/31/792681443/jailing-and-fining-chelsea-manning-constitutes-torture-top-u-n-official-says |title=Jailing And Fining Chelsea Manning Constitutes Torture, Top U.N. Official Says |first=Bobby |last=Allyn |work=NPR |date=December 31, 2019 |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191231203827/https://www.npr.org/2019/12/31/792681443/jailing-and-fining-chelsea-manning-constitutes-torture-top-u-n-official-says |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/dec/31/chelsea-manning-us-torture-un-official-wikileaks |title=Top UN official accuses US of torturing Chelsea Manning |first=Edward |last=Helmore |date=December 31, 2019 |work=The Guardian |access-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140844/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/dec/31/chelsea-manning-us-torture-un-official-wikileaks |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url= https://thehill.com/policy/international/human-rights/476351-un-official-says-us-is-torturing-chelsea-manning-with/ |title=UN official says US is torturing Chelsea Manning with detention |first=Justine |last=Coleman |date=December 31, 2019 |work=The Hill |access-date=April 16, 2024 |archive-date=November 29, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231129044812/https://thehill.com/policy/international/human-rights/476351-un-official-says-us-is-torturing-chelsea-manning-with/ |url-status=live}}

On March 11, 2020, Manning attempted suicide two days before she was scheduled to appear before a judge on a motion to terminate sanctions.{{cite web |url= https://gizmodo.com/chelsea-manning-attempted-suicide-in-jail-on-wednesday-1842277955 |title=Chelsea Manning Attempted Suicide in Jail on Wednesday, Lawyers Say |work=Gizmodo |date=March 11, 2020 |access-date=March 11, 2020 |last=Cameron |first=Dell |archive-date=March 11, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200311231920/https://gizmodo.com/chelsea-manning-attempted-suicide-in-jail-on-wednesday-1842277955 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url= https://www.sparrowmedia.net/2020/03/statement-from-chelsea-mannings-legal-team-ms-manning-is-recovering-in-hospital-scheduled-to-appear-in-court-friday/ |title=Statement From Chelsea Manning's Legal Team: Ms. Manning is Recovering in Hospital, Scheduled to Appear in Court Friday |work=The Sparrow Project |date=March 11, 2020 |access-date=March 11, 2020 |archive-date=March 12, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200312215738/https://www.sparrowmedia.net/2020/03/statement-from-chelsea-mannings-legal-team-ms-manning-is-recovering-in-hospital-scheduled-to-appear-in-court-friday/ |url-status=live}} Alexandria Sheriff Dana Lawhorne reported that Manning was safe and her lawyers said she was recovering in a hospital.{{cite news |url= https://apnews.com/eacc20cfdf0869c4498d57f31041ee8f |title=Lawyer: Chelsea Manning attempts suicide in Va. jail |date=March 11, 2020 |work=Associated Press |access-date=March 11, 2020 |archive-date=March 12, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200312045736/https://apnews.com/eacc20cfdf0869c4498d57f31041ee8f |url-status=live}}

On March 12, 2020, US District Judge Anthony Trenga of the Eastern District of Virginia found that the grand jury's business had concluded. Since Manning's testimony was no longer needed, the judge found that detention no longer served any coercive purpose and ordered her released.{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/chelsea-manning-ordered-released-from-jail/2020/03/12/0ee56efc-6478-11ea-845d-e35b0234b136_story.html |title=Chelsea Manning ordered released from jail |work=The Washington Post |date=March 12, 2020 |access-date=March 12, 2020 |last=Weiner |first=Rachel |archive-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200313145439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/chelsea-manning-ordered-released-from-jail/2020/03/12/0ee56efc-6478-11ea-845d-e35b0234b136_story.html |url-status=live}} He denied a request by Manning's lawyers to vacate her accrued fines of $256,000, which he ordered due and payable immediately.{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/us/politics/chelsea-manning-released-jail.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200312221104/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/us/politics/chelsea-manning-released-jail.html |archive-date=March 12, 2020 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=Chelsea Manning Is Ordered Released From Jail |work=The New York Times |date=March 12, 2020 |access-date=March 12, 2020 |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (author)}} The same day, a supporter launched an online crowdfunding campaign to defray Manning's fines. Within 48 hours, nearly 7,000 donations ranging from $5 to $10,000 were received, totaling $267,000.{{cite web |url= https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/03/16/mann-m16.html |title=Fund drive to pay Chelsea Manning's court fines raises $267,000 in two days |work=World Socialist Web Site |date=March 16, 2020 |access-date=March 16, 2020 |last=Reed |first=Kevin |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220209201009/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/03/16/mann-m16.html |url-status=live}} A separate crowdfund by the same supporter raised an additional $50,000 to help pay Manning's post-incarceration living expenses.{{cite news |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/03/17/chelsea-manning-court-fines-supporters-bailed-out-crowdfunding-prison-wikileaks/ |title=Chelsea Manning was stung with massive court fines – but her supporters bailed her out in just two days |work=PinkNews |date=March 17, 2020 |access-date=March 17, 2020 |last=Duffy |first=Nick |archive-date=March 18, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200318153021/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/03/17/chelsea-manning-court-fines-supporters-bailed-out-crowdfunding-prison-wikileaks/ |url-status=live}}

In January 2021, in refusing to extradite Assange to the U.S. for trial on federal charges, UK District Judge Vanessa Baraitser cited Manning's March 2020 suicide attempt to support finding that, if exposed to the "harsh conditions" of incarceration in America, "Assange's mental health would deteriorate, causing him to commit suicide".{{cite web |url= https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/01/uk-blocks-assange-extradition-due-to-suicide-risk-poor-us-jail-conditions/ |title=UK blocks Assange extradition due to suicide risk, poor US jail conditions |work=Ars Technica |date=January 4, 2021 |access-date=January 5, 2021 |last=Brodkin |first=Jon |archive-date=January 4, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210104221624/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/01/uk-blocks-assange-extradition-due-to-suicide-risk-poor-us-jail-conditions/ |url-status=live}}

File:Bradley-manning-pride002 (5877396909).jpg, June 2011]]

The publication of the leaked material, particularly the diplomatic cables, attracted in-depth coverage worldwide, with several governments blocking websites that contained embarrassing details. Guardian editor Alan Rusbridger said: "I can't think of a time when there was ever a story generated by a news organization where the White House, the Kremlin, Chávez, India, China, everyone in the world was talking about these things. ... I've never known a story that created such mayhem that wasn't an event like a war or a terrorist attack."Brooke 2011, p. 223.

United States Navy Admiral Michael Mullen, then Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said the leaks had placed American soldiers and Afghan informants in danger.{{Cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Greg |last2=Partlow |first2=Joshua |url= https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/2095259091.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+30%2C+2010&author=Greg+Jaffe%3BJoshua+Partlow&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=A.4 |title=Mullen says leak put troops and Afghans in danger; WikiLeaks documents include names of informants helping U.S. |work=The Washington Post |date=July 30, 2010 |access-date=July 5, 2017 |archive-date=August 9, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130809091453/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/2095259091.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jul+30%2C+2010&author=Greg+Jaffe%3BJoshua+Partlow&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=A.4}} Journalist Glenn Greenwald argued that Manning was the most important whistleblower since Daniel Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon Papers in 1971.{{Cite news |url= http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index7.html |author=Fishman |date=July 3, 2011 |page=8 |work=New York |title=Bradley Manning |access-date=April 3, 2012 |archive-date=November 4, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221104114908/https://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/index7.html |url-status=live}} In an impromptu questioning session after a fundraiser, captured on a cellphone video, President Obama said that Manning "broke the law", which was later criticized as "unlawful command influence" on Manning's upcoming trial.{{Cite news |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2011/04/22/video-of-obama-on-bradley-manning-he-broke-the-law/ |title=Video of Obama on Bradley Manning: 'He Broke the Law' |work=Forbes |date=April 22, 2011 |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=February 5, 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230205014219/https://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2011/04/22/video-of-obama-on-bradley-manning-he-broke-the-law/ |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna42770631 |title=Did Obama taint Manning's right to fair trial? |work=NBC News |date=April 26, 2011 |access-date=August 2, 2013 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200923232143/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/42770631/ns/us_news-security/t/did-obama-taint-wikileaks-suspects-right-fair-trial/ |url-status=live}}

In 2011, Manning and WikiLeaks were credited in part,{{Cite news |last=Horne |first=Nigel |url= http://www.theweek.co.uk/africa/wikileaks/8571/tunisia-wikileaks-had-part-ben-ali%E2%80%99s-downfall |title=Tunisia: WikiLeaks had a part in Ben Ali's downfall |work=The Week |date=January 15, 2011 |quote=It is clear that leaked cables ... played an important role in firing up the nation's disaffected youth. ... No one is suggesting WikiLeaks and its editor Julian Assange can take full credit for toppling the corrupt Tunisian regime. |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111205171528/http://www.theweek.co.uk/africa/wikileaks/8571/tunisia-wikileaks-had-part-ben-ali%E2%80%99s-downfall |archive-date=December 5, 2011}}{{Cite news |last=Malinowski |first=Tom |url= https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/25/whispering_at_autocrats?page=0%2C0 |title=Whispering at Autocrats |work=Foreign Policy |date=January 25, 2011 |quote=the cables did have an impact |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110127065622/https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/25/whispering_at_autocrats?page=0%2C0 |archive-date=January 27, 2011}} along with news reporters and political analysts,Walker, Peter. "[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/13/amnesty-international-wikileaks-arab-spring? Amnesty International hails WikiLeaks and Guardian as Arab spring 'catalysts'] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140845/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/13/amnesty-international-wikileaks-arab-spring? |date=May 29, 2024 }}", The Guardian, May 13, 2011. as catalysts for the Arab Spring that began in December 2010, when waves of protesters rose up against rulers across the Middle East and North Africa, after the leaked cables exposed government corruption. But in 2012, James L. Gelvin, an American scholar of Middle Eastern history, wrote: "After the outbreak [January 2011] of the Egyptian uprising ... journalists decided to abandon another term they had applied to the Tunisian uprising: the first 'WikiLeaks Revolution,' a title they had adopted that overemphasized the role played by the leaked American cables about corruption in provoking the protests."{{cite book |last=Gelvin |first=James L. |title=The Arab Uprisings: What Everyone Needs to Know |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2012 |page=50 |isbn=978-0199891771}}

A Washington Post editorial asked why an apparently unstable Army private had been able to access and transfer sensitive material in the first place.{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905985.html |title=The right response to WikiLeaks |work=The Washington Post |date=November 30, 2010 |access-date=August 25, 2017 |archive-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220417144746/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/29/AR2010112905985.html |url-status=live}} According to her biographer, the American far-right saw Manning's sexuality as evidence that gay people were unfit for military service, while the American mainstream thought of Manning as a gay soldier driven mad by bullying.Nicks 2012, p. 196: "To the far right he [Manning] was clear evidence that gays were unfit for military service. And in the American mainstream, the leaks were explained away as the actions of a disaffected homosexual who had come to hate the army after being bullied into madness."

A Defense Department report a year after the breach found that Manning's document leaks had no significant strategic impact on US war efforts. The heavily redacted final report was not published until June 2017, after a Freedom of Information request by investigative reporter Jason Leopold.{{cite news |last1=Pilkington |first1=Ed |title=Chelsea Manning leaks had no strategic impact on US war efforts, Pentagon finds |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/20/chelsea-manning-wikileaks-no-impact-us-war-pentagon |access-date=June 20, 2017 |work=The Guardian |date=June 20, 2017 |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529140846/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/20/chelsea-manning-wikileaks-no-impact-us-war-pentagon |url-status=live}}

In 2011, the German Section of the International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms and the Federation of German Scientists awarded Manning a "Whistleblowerpreis".{{cite web |url= http://www.whistleblower-net.de/whistleblowing/fall-beispiele-fur-whistleblowing/whistleblowerpreis/ |title=Whistleblowerpreis |language=de |date=April 16, 2007 |work=Whistleblower-Netzwerk |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=May 4, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140504150952/http://www.whistleblower-net.de/whistleblowing/fall-beispiele-fur-whistleblowing/whistleblowerpreis/ |url-status=live}} While still in detention in 2011, Graham Nash of Crosby, Stills and Nash released a song, "Almost Gone (The Ballad of Bradley Manning)", in reference to her deteriorated mental state.{{cite news |last1=Nash |first1=Graham |title=Bradley Manning Is "Almost Gone" |url= https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bradley-manning-almost-gone_b_1148577 |access-date=August 29, 2019 |work=Huffington Post |date=December 14, 2011 |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190501010134/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bradley-manning-almost-gone_b_1148577 |url-status=live}} In 2012, she received a "People's Choice Award" from Global Exchange.{{cite web |url= http://www.globalexchange.org/blogs/peopletopeople/2012/04/02/and-the-2012-peoples-choice-winner-is/ |work=People to People Blog |title=And the 2012 People's Choice Winner is ... |publisher=Global Exchange |date=April 2, 2012 |access-date=June 2, 2014 |archive-date=May 30, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140530204824/http://www.globalexchange.org/blogs/peopletopeople/2012/04/02/and-the-2012-peoples-choice-winner-is/}} In 2013, the U.S. Peace Memorial Foundation awarded her The US Peace Prize "for conspicuous bravery, at the risk of his own freedom, above and beyond the call of duty".{{cite web |title=Chelsea Manning Awarded 2013 US Peace Prize |url= https://www.uspeacememorial.org/PEACEPRIZE.htm |work=USPeaceMemorial.org |publisher=US Peace Memorial Foundation |access-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-date=March 9, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210309123504/https://www.uspeacememorial.org/PEACEPRIZE.htm |url-status=live}} The same year, the International Peace Bureau awarded her the Sean MacBride Peace Prize.{{cite web |title=IPB Awards MacBride Peace Prize 2013 to US Whistleblower Bradley Manning |url= http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=News&id_nom=IPB+awards+MacBride+Peace+Prize+2013+to+US+whistleblower+Bradley+Manning |work=IPB.org |publisher=International Peace Bureau |location=Geneva |date=July 13, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130724102950/http://www.ipb.org/web/index.php?mostra=news&menu=News&id_nom=IPB+awards+MacBride+Peace+Prize+2013+to+US+whistleblower+Bradley+Manning |archive-date=July 24, 2013}} In 2014, Sam Adams Associates gave her the Sam Adams Award for Integrity in Intelligence.{{cite web |url= https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/11026680.edward-snowden-oxford-union-video-link-honour-leaker/ |title=Edward Snowden in Oxford Union video-link to honour leaker |quote=Fellow intelligence documents leaker Edward Snowden made a video for the ceremony in which he also congratulated Ms Manning. |work=Oxford Mail |date=February 20, 2014 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210201212619/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/11026680.edward-snowden-oxford-union-video-link-honour-leaker/ |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url= http://samadamsaward.ch/chelsea-manning/ |title=Chelsea Manning |work=SamAdamsAward.ch |publisher=Sam Adams Associates for Integrity in Intelligence |date=February 19, 2014 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201125030207/http://samadamsaward.ch/chelsea-manning/ |url-status=live}}

Icelandic and Swedish Pirate Party MPs nominated Manning and fellow whistleblower Edward Snowden for the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize. In 2013, Roots Action launched a petition nominating Manning for the prize that received more than 100,000 supporting signatures.{{Cite news |title=Petition Passes 100K Signatures Backing Bradley Manning Nobel Prize Nomination |url= http://washington.cbslocal.com/2013/08/12/petition-passes-100k-signatures-backing-bradley-manning-nobel-prize-nomination/ |access-date=July 17, 2014 |work=CBS |date=August 12, 2013 |archive-date=July 24, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140724225625/http://washington.cbslocal.com/2013/08/12/petition-passes-100k-signatures-backing-bradley-manning-nobel-prize-nomination/ |url-status=live}}

In May 2015, Anything to Say?, an art installation made of mobile bronze statues of Manning, Snowden, and Assange, was placed at Berlin's Alexanderplatz for a weekend, as a "monument for courage".{{cite web |last1=Niederbacher |first1=Klara |last2=Kirstan |first2=Nina |title=Kunstaktion auf dem Alexanderplatz: Whistleblower-Statuen im Einsatz für die Meinungsfreiheit |language=de |date=May 2015 |url= https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/kunstaktion-auf-dem-alexanderplatz-whistleblower-statuen-im-einsatz-fuer-die-meinungsfreiheit-li.6149 |access-date=December 21, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231221202044/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/kunstaktion-auf-dem-alexanderplatz-whistleblower-statuen-im-einsatz-fuer-die-meinungsfreiheit-li.6149 |archive-date=December 21, 2023}} Germany's Green Party sponsored the sculpture, by Italian sculptor Davide Dormino.{{Cite news |last1=Mejia |first1=Paula |title=Statues of Snowden, Assange and Manning Erected in Berlin's Alexanderplatz |url= http://www.newsweek.com/statues-snowden-assange-and-manning-erected-berlins-alexanderplatz-327961 |work=Newsweek |date=May 3, 2015 |access-date=July 9, 2015 |archive-date=July 10, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150710091353/http://www.newsweek.com/statues-snowden-assange-and-manning-erected-berlins-alexanderplatz-327961 |url-status=live}} The installation was later exhibited in different European cities.{{Cite web |url= http://www.anythingtosay.com/ |title=Anything to say |work=www.anythingtosay.com |access-date=January 19, 2017 |archive-date=December 15, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161215033300/http://www.anythingtosay.com/ |url-status=live}}

In 2015, Paper magazine commissioned artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg to create 2D DNA phenotype portraits of Manning using DNA collected from cheek swabs and hair clippings Manning sent the artist while incarcerated.{{Cite news |url= http://www.papermag.com/the-stranger-could-be-you-artist-heather-dewey-hagborg-on-her-chelsea--1427637327.html |title=The Stranger Could Be You: Artist Heather Dewey-Hagborg on Her Chelsea Manning DNA Portrait |date=September 1, 2015 |work=Papermag |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170928103522/http://www.papermag.com/the-stranger-could-be-you-artist-heather-dewey-hagborg-on-her-chelsea--1427637327.html |url-status=live}} 3D printed versions of the portraits premiered at the World Economic Forum in 2016.{{Cite news |url= https://openspace.sfmoma.org/2017/03/suppressed-images-and-radical-love/ |title=Suppressed Images and Radical Love |work=Open Space |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170928103203/https://openspace.sfmoma.org/2017/03/suppressed-images-and-radical-love/ |url-status=live}} In the summer of 2017, Manning (by then released from prison) and Dewey-Hagborg presented their collaboration at an exhibition at the Fridman Gallery in New York City.{{Cite news |url= https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/chelsea-manning-1041596 |title=The Strange and Troubling Science Behind the 3-D Printed Portraits of Chelsea Manning |date=August 4, 2017 |work=artnet News |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150115/https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/chelsea-manning-1041596 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |url= https://www.fridmangallery.com/a-becoming-resemblance |title=Fridman Gallery |work=Fridman Gallery |access-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-date=September 28, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170928103312/https://www.fridmangallery.com/a-becoming-resemblance |url-status=live}}

In September 2017, Manning accepted the EFF Pioneer Award in recognition of her actions as a whistleblower and for her work as an advocate for government transparency and transgender rights.{{cite web |title=Pioneer Awards 2017 |url= https://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/2017 |work=EFF.org |publisher=Electronic Frontier Foundation |access-date=September 26, 2017 |date=May 17, 2017 |archive-date=September 27, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170927222728/https://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/2017 |url-status=live}} In November, she was named 2017 Newsmaker of the Year by Out, which noted her "whistle-in-the-wind tenacity that belies the trauma she's had to contend with".{{Cite news |url= https://www.out.com/out100-2017/2017/11/08/out100-chelsea-manning-newsmaker-year |title=OUT100: Chelsea Manning, Newsmaker of the Year |date=November 8, 2017 |work=Out |access-date=November 8, 2017 |archive-date=November 8, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171108165410/https://www.out.com/out100-2017/2017/11/08/out100-chelsea-manning-newsmaker-year |url-status=live}} Later that month, Bitch listed her among the first-ever "Bitch 50" impactful creators, artists, and activists in pop culture, recognizing her as "a leading voice for transgender and healthcare rights".{{Cite news |url= https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/bitch-50 |title=Presenting the First-Ever Bitch 50 |date=November 30, 2017 |work=Bitch |access-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171201002659/https://www.bitchmedia.org/article/bitch-50}} In December, Foreign Policy honored Manning as one of its forty-eight 2017 Global Thinkers "for forcing the United States to question who is a traitor and who is a hero".{{Cite news |url= https://gt.foreignpolicy.com/2017/profile/chelsea-manning |title=2017 Global Thinkers |date=December 4, 2017 |work=Foreign Policy |access-date=December 4, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

In October 2020, Manning shared with the German nonprofit investigative journalism organization CORRECT!V and Greece's anonymous Novartis whistleblowers the third annual European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL) prize for Journalists, Whistleblowers and Defenders of the Right to Information.{{cite web |url= https://www.guengl.eu/chelsea-manning-correctiv-novartis-whistleblowers-win-gue-ngl-award/ |title=Chelsea Manning, Correctiv & Novartis whistleblowers win GUE/NGL award |work=GUENGL.eu |publisher=European United Left–Nordic Green Left |date=October 14, 2020 |access-date=October 14, 2020 |archive-date=October 16, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201016013444/https://www.guengl.eu/chelsea-manning-correctiv-novartis-whistleblowers-win-gue-ngl-award/ |url-status=live}} The GUE/NGL posted a video of her acceptance from her home in Brooklyn, New York.{{cite AV media |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtXnFL86wgw&list=PLoZtAZ7jPBDj3pXMj9xct1rBZhz00eG52 |archive-url= https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/KtXnFL86wgw |archive-date=December 15, 2021 |url-status=live |title=Winner GUE/NGL Whistelblowers' Award 2020: Chelsea Manning, whistleblower & former US army |date=October 14, 2020 |work=The Left in the European Parliament |via=YouTube (thence GhostArchive.org}}{{cbignore}}

In an article written by Manning, she says her first public appearance as female was in February 2010 while on leave from her military duties; Manning was exhilarated to blend in as a woman.{{cite web |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |date=August 19, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/aug/19/chelsea-manning-dont-ask-dont-tell-facing-my-fear-column |title=Facing my fear: Being in public as a woman for the very first time |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529141351/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/aug/19/chelsea-manning-dont-ask-dont-tell-facing-my-fear-column |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |work=The Guardian}}

On August 22, 2013, the day after sentencing, Manning's attorney issued a press release to the Today show announcing that his client was a female, and asked that she be referred to by her new name of Chelsea and feminine pronouns. Manning's statement included the following:{{cite web |url= http://feministing.com/2013/08/22/manning-announces-she-is-transitioning/ |title=Manning announces she is transitioning |access-date=August 28, 2013 |last=Bayetti Flores |first=Verónica |date=August 22, 2013 |work=Feministing |archive-date=August 24, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130824235945/http://feministing.com/2013/08/22/manning-announces-she-is-transitioning/ |url-status=live}}

{{blockquote|As I transition into this next phase of my life, I want everyone to know the real me. I am Chelsea Manning. I am a female. Given the way that I feel, and have felt since childhood, I want to begin hormone therapy as soon as possible. I hope that you will support me in this transition. I also request that, starting today, you refer to me by my new name and use the feminine pronoun (except in official mail to the confinement facility). I look forward to receiving letters from supporters and having the opportunity to write back.}}

The news media split in its reaction to Manning's request; some organizations used the new name and pronouns, and others continued to use the former ones.{{Cite news |first=Irin |last=Carmon |title=Who is still calling Chelsea Manning 'he?' |date=August 27, 2013 |url= http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/08/27/who-is-still-calling-chelsea-manning-he/ |work=MSNBC |access-date=August 29, 2013 |archive-date=August 27, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130827214344/http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/08/27/who-is-still-calling-chelsea-manning-he/ |url-status=live}}{{Cite news |first=Maureen |last=O'Connor |title=Why Is It So Hard to Call Chelsea Manning 'She'? |date=August 22, 2013 |url= http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/08/why-is-it-so-hard-to-call-chelsea-manning-she.html |work=New York |access-date=August 28, 2013 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130825062748/http://nymag.com/thecut/2013/08/why-is-it-so-hard-to-call-chelsea-manning-she.html? |url-status=live}} Advocacy groups such as GLAAD, the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association, and the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) encouraged media outlets to refer to Manning by her self-identified name and pronoun.{{cite web |url= http://www.glaad.org/blog/reporting-private-chelsea-manning-consistent-respect-gender-identity |title=Reporting On Private Chelsea Manning With Consistent Respect For Gender Identity |access-date=August 28, 2013 |last=Heffernan |first=Dani |date=August 22, 2013 |work=GLAAD.org |publisher=GLAAD |archive-date=August 26, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130826222444/http://www.glaad.org/blog/reporting-private-chelsea-manning-consistent-respect-gender-identity}}{{cite web |url= http://www.nlgja.org/article/nlgja-encourages-journalists-fair-accurate |title=NLGJA Encourages Journalists to be Fair and Accurate About Manning's Plans to Live as a Woman |access-date=August 28, 2013 |date=August 22, 2013 |work=NJGJA.org |publisher=National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130824232312/http://www.nlgja.org/article/nlgja-encourages-journalists-fair-accurate |archive-date=August 24, 2013}}{{cite web |last=Krehely |first=Jeff |title=Pvt. Chelsea E. Manning Comes Out, Deserves Respectful Treatment by Media and Officials |url= http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/pvt.-chelsea-e.-manning-comes-out-deserves-respectful-treatment-by-media-an |work=HRC Blog |publisher=Human Rights Campaign |access-date=September 19, 2013 |date=August 22, 2013 |quote=...journalists and other officials should use her chosen name of Chelsea and refer to her with female pronouns. Using the name Bradley or male pronouns is nothing short of an insult. Media, having reported on her wishes, must respect them as is the standard followed by the AP Stylebook. |archive-date=September 28, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130928202234/http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/pvt.-chelsea-e.-manning-comes-out-deserves-respectful-treatment-by-media-an}}

File:C Manning Finish-1.jpg |archive-date=August 20, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170820085759/http://www.phillymag.com/g-philly/2014/10/14/philly-artist-paints-authorized-portrait-chelsea-manning/ |url-status=live}}]]

In April 2014, the Kansas District Court granted a petition from Manning for a legal name change.{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-27132347 |title=Chelsea Manning granted name change from Bradley |date=April 23, 2014 |access-date=December 14, 2015 |work=BBC News |archive-date=January 31, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160131063036/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-27132347 |url-status=live}} An Army spokesman stated that while the Army would update personnel records to acknowledge the name change, the military would continue to regard Manning as a male. Manning sought hormone therapy and the right to live as a woman while confined, consistent with her gender dysphoria, which had been confirmed by two Army medical specialists. Such treatment is provided in civilian federal prisons when it is found to be medically necessary, but it is not available in military prisons. The Pentagon policy at the time considered transgender individuals ineligible to serve.{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Chelsea Manning petitioning Kansas court for legal name change |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/20/chelsea-manning-petitioning-kansas-court-legal-name-change |date=March 21, 2014 |access-date=March 21, 2014 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=May 29, 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240529141355/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/20/chelsea-manning-petitioning-kansas-court-legal-name-change |url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Army Regulation 40-501, Standards of Medical Fitness, Chapters 2-27n and 3-35 |url= https://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r40_501.pdf |access-date=April 2, 2014 |archive-date=June 26, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130626070017/http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/r40_501.pdf |url-status=live}}

In July, the Federal Bureau of Prisons rejected a request by the Army to transfer Manning from the USDB to a civilian facility for treatment of her gender dysphoria. Instead, the Army kept Manning in military custody and said it would begin rudimentary gender treatment, which could include allowing her to wear female undergarments and possibly receive hormone treatments.Baldor, Lolita C. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140724055858/http://www.bigstory.ap.org/article/apnewsbreak-manning-begin-gender-treatment/ "APNewsBreak: Manning to begin Gender Treatment"], Associated Press, July 17, 2014.

On August 12, 2014, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Manning's civilian attorney David Coombs said Manning was not receiving treatment for her gender identity condition as previously approved by Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel. They notified the USDB, Hagel and other Defense Department officials that a lawsuit would be filed if they did not confirm by September 4 that treatment would be provided.{{Cite news |agency=Associated Press |title=Attorney: Manning not receiving hormone therapy |url= http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140812/NEWS/308120071 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20140813052728/http://www.militarytimes.com/article/20140812/NEWS/308120071 |archive-date=August 13, 2014 |date=August 12, 2014 |access-date=August 12, 2014 |work=Military Times}} On August 22, Army spokeswoman Lt. Col. Alayne Conway told NBC News, "The Department of Defense has approved a request by Army leadership to provide required medical treatment for an inmate diagnosed with gender dysphoria." Although Conway would not discuss "the medical needs of an individual", she did say, "In general terms, the initial stages of treatment for individuals with gender dysphoria include psychotherapy and elements of the 'real life experience' therapy. Treatment for the condition is highly individualized and generally is sequential and graduated." The Army declined to say when treatment might begin.{{Cite news |first=Tracy |last=Connor |title=Chelsea Manning Says Military Still Denying Gender Treatment |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/chelsea-manning-says-military-still-denying-gender-treatment-n185981 |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=August 24, 2014 |work=NBC News |archive-date=August 23, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140823225445/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/chelsea-manning-says-military-still-denying-gender-treatment-n185981 |url-status=live}}

In September, Manning filed a lawsuit in federal district court in Washington, D.C., against Secretary of Defense Hagel, claiming she had "been denied access to medically necessary treatment" for gender dysphoria. She sued to be allowed to grow her hair longer and use cosmetics, and to receive hormone treatments "to express her female gender".{{Cite news |last=Mears |first=Bill |title=Chelsea Manning sues to get transgender medical treatment |url= http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/23/justice/chelsea-manning-lawsuit/index.html |date=September 23, 2014 |access-date=September 23, 2014 |work=CNN |archive-date=September 24, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140924011055/http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/23/justice/chelsea-manning-lawsuit/index.html |url-status=live}}

On February 12, 2015, USA Today reported that the commandant of the USDB wrote in a February 5 memo, "After carefully considering the recommendation that (hormone treatment) is medically appropriate and necessary, and weighing all associated safety and security risks presented, I approve adding (hormone treatment) to Inmate Manning's treatment plan." According to USA Today, Manning remained a soldier, and the decision to administer hormone therapy was a first for the Army.{{Cite news |first=Tom |last=Vanden Brook |title=Military approves hormone therapy for Chelsea Manning |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/02/12/chelsea-manning-hormone-therapy/23311813/ |date=February 12, 2015 |access-date=February 12, 2015 |work=USA Today |archive-date=February 12, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150212234642/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/02/12/chelsea-manning-hormone-therapy/23311813/ |url-status=live}} Manning was not allowed to grow her hair longer. Her ACLU attorney, Chase Strangio, said that the delay in approving her hormone treatment "came with a significant cost to Chelsea and her mental health".{{Cite news |last=Mullen |first=Jethro |title=Report: U.S. Army approves hormone therapy for Chelsea Manning |url= http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/13/us/chelsea-manning-horomone-therapy/ |date=February 13, 2015 |access-date=February 13, 2015 |work=CNN |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150213183552/http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/13/us/chelsea-manning-horomone-therapy/ |url-status=live}}

On March 5, in response to Manning's request for an order compelling the military to use pronouns that conform to her chosen gender identity, the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals ruled, "Reference to appellant in all future formal papers filed before this court and all future orders and decisions issued by this court shall either be neutral, e.g., Private First Class Manning or appellant, or employ a feminine pronoun."{{Cite news |last=Leitsinger |first=Miranda |title=Army Must Refer to Chelsea Manning As a Woman, Not Man: Court |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/army-must-refer-chelsea-manning-woman-not-man-court-n318286 |date=March 5, 2015 |access-date=March 5, 2015 |work=NBC News |archive-date=March 8, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150308173511/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/army-must-refer-chelsea-manning-woman-not-man-court-n318286 |url-status=live}}

On March 14, the digital library host Cryptome posted an unsigned public copy of a court document, filed March 10, wherein the parties to Manning's September 2014 lawsuit against Secretary of Defense Hagel agreed to stay proceedings for seven months, after which time they would address how the litigation should proceed in light of Manning's status at that time. The document revealed that the Army was then providing Manning with weekly psychotherapy, including psychotherapy specific to gender dysphoria; cross-sex hormone therapy; female undergarments; the ability to wear prescribed cosmetics in her daily life at the USDB; and speech therapy.{{cite web |url= http://cryptome.org/2015/03/manning-038.pdf |title=Joint Status Report And Motion To Stay Proceedings For Seven Months |access-date=March 14, 2015 |date=March 10, 2015 |work=Cryptome |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150315021817/http://cryptome.org/2015/03/manning-038.pdf |url-status=live}}

In April 2015, Amnesty International posted online a letter from Manning in which she said:

{{blockquote|I finally began my prescribed regime of hormones to continue my overdue gender transition in February. It's been such an amazing relief for my body and brain to finally come into alignment with each other. My stress and anxiety levels have tapered off quite considerably. Overall, things are beginning to move along nicely.}}

On September 13, 2016, the ACLU announced that the army would be granting Manning's request for gender transition surgery, a first for a transgender inmate.{{cite web |title=Chelsea Manning ends hunger strike after winning battle for gender surgery |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/14/chelsea-manning-ends-hunger-strike-after-winning-battle-for-gender-transition-surgery |work=The Guardian |access-date=September 13, 2016}} In December, Manning's attorneys reported that her military doctor refused Manning's request to change the gender on her military records to female.{{Cite news |title=Military Doctor Denies Chelsea Manning's Request to Have Records Reflect Gender |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/military-doctor-denies-chelsea-manning-s-request-have-records-reflect-n693146 |access-date=December 20, 2016 |agency=Reuters |work=NBC News |date=December 8, 2016}}

In January 2017, Manning wrote to The New York Times that although months had passed, she had still not seen a surgeon.{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (author) |title=Chelsea Manning Describes Bleak Life in a Men's Prison |work=The New York Times |date=January 13, 2017 |access-date=July 2, 2017 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/chelsea-manning-sentence-obama.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170113143743/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/us/chelsea-manning-sentence-obama.html |archive-date=January 13, 2017}} At the time of Manning's release from prison in May 2017, her attorney stressed that she would be pursuing her own medical care and "building her life on her own terms, separate from the military".{{cite news |title=Chelsea Manning Free: Whistleblower's Safety from 'Enemies' Top Priority When She Leaves Prison, Attorney Says |work=Newsweek |date=May 16, 2017 |url= http://www.newsweek.com/chelsea-manning-released-free-enemies-610448 |access-date=July 3, 2017}} Manning subsequently stated via her verified Twitter account that her healthcare from the military had stopped on May 16, 2017,{{cite tweet |user=xychelsea |last=Manning |first=Chelsea E. |number=890245950933000192 |title=it stopped on May 16, 2017 |date=July 26, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170726184807/https://twitter.com/xychelsea/status/890245950933000192 |archive-date=July 26, 2017}} and that she had secured a private health plan.{{cite tweet |user=xychelsea |last=Manning |first=Chelsea E. |number=873684117774323712 |title=i have a private health plan |date=June 10, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170629153511/https://twitter.com/xychelsea/status/873684117774323712 |archive-date=June 29, 2017}} She said her gender transition while in prison had cost "only $600 over 2 years",{{cite tweet |user=xychelsea |last=Manning |first=Chelsea E. |number=884162176377921536 |title=it was only $600 over 2 years |date=July 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170723180840/https://twitter.com/xychelsea/status/884162176377921536 |archive-date=July 23, 2017}} explaining that the Department of Defense "got meds at a markdown".{{cite tweet |user=xychelsea |last=Manning |first=Chelsea E. |number=884167301607694338 |title=got meds at a markdown |date=July 9, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170724202129/https://twitter.com/xychelsea/status/884167301607694338 |archive-date=July 24, 2017}} Although the Army had agreed in September 2016 to allow her to have gender transition surgery, the operation was not performed before her release.{{Cite web |last=Maxwell |first=Lida |title=Whistleblower, Traitor, Soldier, Queer? (The Truth of Chelsea Manning) |work=The Yale Review |date=December 21, 2017 |url= https://yalereview.yale.edu/whistleblower-traitor-soldier-queer |access-date=February 5, 2018}}

On May 22, 2017, Manning's 2014 lawsuit seeking a federal court to order the Defense Department to provide hormone therapy and other treatment for her gender identity condition was dismissed because, her ACLU attorney explained, "she is free".{{cite news |title=Chelsea Manning's Conditions of Confinement Lawsuit Dismissed |work=Military.com |date=May 24, 2017 |agency=Associated Press |url= http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/05/24/manning-conditions-confinement-lawsuit-dismissed.html |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170524222042/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/05/24/manning-conditions-confinement-lawsuit-dismissed.html |archive-date=May 24, 2017}}

On October 20, 2018, Manning tweeted a photograph of herself in a hospital bed reportedly recovering from gender reassignment surgery.{{Cite news |url= https://www.foxnews.com/us/chelsea-manning-posts-photo-from-hospital-after-gender-reassignment-surgery |title=Chelsea Manning posts photo from hospital after gender reassignment surgery |access-date=December 16, 2019 |work=Fox News |date=October 22, 2018 |last=Lam |first=Katherine}} "After almost a decade of fighting," she wrote, "thru prison, the courts, a hunger strike, and thru the insurance company—I finally got surgery this week".{{Cite news |url= https://www.newsweek.com/chelsea-manning-tweets-photo-hospital-bed-after-gender-affirmation-surgery-1180486 |title=Chelsea Manning tweets photo from hospital bed after gender affirmation surgery |work=Newsweek |date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=December 16, 2019 |last=Palmer |first=Ewan}} In March 2019, in the context of medical care provided during her re-incarceration, the news media continued to report that she had undergone gender reassignment surgery.{{Cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/chelsea-manning-sent-to-jail-for-refusing-to-testify-in-wikileaks-case/2019/03/08/ecb9eda8-41b4-11e9-9361-301ffb5bd5e6_story.html |title=Chelsea Manning sent to jail for refusing to testify in WikiLeaks case |work=The Washington Post |date=March 8, 2019 |access-date=December 16, 2019 |last=Weiner |first=Rachel}}{{cite web |url= https://www.truthdig.com/articles/chelsea-manning-and-the-silencing-of-the-press/ |title=Chelsea Manning and the New Inquisition |work=Truthdig |date=March 18, 2019 |access-date=December 16, 2019 |last=Hedges |first=Chris}} In a declaration to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia filed on May 6, 2019, Manning formally attested that she underwent gender confirmation surgery in October 2018.{{cite web |url= https://cryptome.org/2019/05/manning-gj-029.pdf |title=United States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, In re: Grand Jury Subpoena, Chelsea Manning, Subpoenaed Party, Declaration 19-1287-cv, Case 1:19-dm-00003-CMH Document 29-1 Filed 05/06/19 Page 5 of 8 PageID# 457 (PDF page 17 of 33) |work=Cryptome |date=May 6, 2019 |access-date=December 16, 2019}}

In March 2015, Bloomberg News reported that Manning could be visited by only those she had named before her imprisonment, and not by journalists. She could not be photographed or give interviews on camera. Manning was not allowed to browse the web, but could consult print news and have access to new gender theory texts.{{Cite news |last=Greenhouse |first=Emily |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2015-03-10/chelsea-manning-s-next-chapter |title=What Chelsea Manning Has Won |work=Bloomberg Politics |date=March 10, 2015}}

In April 2015, Amnesty International posted online a letter from Manning in which she described her daily life. "My days here are busy and very routine", she wrote. "I am taking college correspondence courses for a bachelor's degree. I also work out a lot to stay fit, and read newspapers, magazines and books to keep up-to-date on current events around the world and learn new things."

Also that month, Cosmopolitan published the first interview with Manning in prison, conducted by mail. Cosmo reported that Manning was optimistic about recent progress but said that not being allowed to grow her hair long was "painful and awkward ... I am torn up. I get through each day okay, but at night, when I'm alone in my room, I finally burn out and crash." Manning said it was "very much a relief" to announce that she is a woman and did not fear the public response. "Honestly, I'm not terribly worried about what people out there might think of me. I just try to be myself." According to Cosmo, Manning had her own cell with "two tall vertical windows that face the sun", and could see "trees and hills and blue sky and all the things beyond the buildings and razor wire". Manning denied being harassed by other inmates and claimed some had become confidantes.{{cite news |last=Pesta |first=Abigail |url= http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/a38728/chelsea-manning-may-2015/ |title=Chelsea Manning Shares Her Transition to Living as a Woman—Behind Bars |work=Cosmopolitan |date=April 8, 2015}}

In February 2015, Katharine Viner, editor-in-chief of Guardian US, announced that Manning had joined The Guardian as a contributing opinion writer on war, gender, and freedom of information.{{Cite news |url= https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/chelsea-manning-join-guardian-opinion-writer/ |title=Chelsea Manning to join The Guardian as an opinion writer |publisher=Public Broadcasting Service |work=PBS NewsHour |date=February 10, 2015}} In 2014, The Guardian had published two op-eds by Manning: "How to make Isis fall on its own sword" (September 16){{Cite news |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/sep/16/chelsea-manning-isis-strategy |title=How to make Isis fall on its own sword |work=The Guardian |date=September 16, 2014}} and, "I am a transgender woman and the government is denying my civil rights" (December 8).{{cite news |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/dec/08/chelsea-manning-transgender-rights |title=I am a transgender woman and the government is denying my civil rights |work=The Guardian |date=December 8, 2014}} Manning's debut under the new arrangement, "The CIA's torturers and the leaders who approved their actions must face the law," appeared on March 9, 2015.{{cite news |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/mar/09/cia-torture-leaders-aprroved-must-face-the-law |title=The CIA's torturers and the leaders who approved their actions must face the law |work=The Guardian |date=March 9, 2015}}

In April 2015, Manning began communicating via Twitter, under the handle @xychelsea,{{cite web |url= https://twitter.com/xychelsea |title=Chelsea E. Manning (@xychelsea) |work=Twitter |access-date=March 11, 2018}} by using a voice phone to dictate to intermediaries, who tweeted on her behalf.{{cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/04/03/chelsea-manning-imprisoned-for-leaking-secrets-to-tweet-from-fort-leavenworth/ |title=Chelsea Manning, imprisoned for leaking secrets, to tweet from Fort Leavenworth |work=The Washington Post |date=April 3, 2015}}

On July 5, 2016, Manning was taken to a hospital after a suicide attempt.{{Cite news |last1=Lamothe |first1=Dan |title=Chelsea Manning, convicted in WikiLeaks case, hospitalized after reported suicide attempt |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/07/06/chelsea-manning-convicted-in-wikileaks-case-hospitalized-after-reported-suicide-attempt/ |work=The Washington Post |access-date=July 6, 2016 |date=July 6, 2016}}{{Cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=Chelsea Manning confirms she was hospitalized over suicide attempt |work=The Guardian |date=July 11, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/11/chelsea-manning-confirms-suicide-attempt-hospitalized |access-date=July 11, 2016}}{{cite web |last=Volz |first=Dustin |title=Jailed U.S. soldier Manning attempted suicide last week: lawyers |work=Yahoo! News |agency=Reuters |date=July 11, 2016 |url= https://www.yahoo.com/news/jailed-u-soldier-manning-attempted-suicide-last-week-233538436.html?nhp=1 |access-date=July 12, 2016}} On July 28, 2016, the ACLU announced that Manning was under investigation and facing several possible charges related to her suicide attempt.{{cite web |last1=Woolf |first1=Nicky |title=Chelsea Manning faces charges, solitary confinement after suicide attempt |work=The Guardian |date=July 28, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jul/28/chelsea-manning-suicide-attempt-military-charges-wikileaks |access-date=July 28, 2016}} She was not allowed to have legal representation at the disciplinary hearing for these charges.{{Cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=Chelsea Manning readies for disciplinary hearing over suicide attempt |work=The Guardian |date=September 21, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/21/chelsea-manning-solitary-confinement-disciplinary-hearing |access-date=September 21, 2016}} At the hearing, held on September 22, she was sentenced to 14 days in solitary confinement, with seven of those days suspended indefinitely.{{Cite news |last=Glenza |first=Jessica |title=Chelsea Manning gets 14 days in solitary confinement for suicide attempt |work=The Guardian |date=September 23, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/23/chelsea-manning-solitary-confinement-suicide-attempt |access-date=September 23, 2016}} Manning emerged from solitary confinement on October 12, after serving seven days; she said that she was not given the opportunity to appeal the ruling before being placed in solitary.{{Cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=Chelsea Manning emerges from solitary confinement after suicide attempt |work=The Guardian |date=October 12, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/12/chelsea-manning-solitary-confinement-suicide-attempt-military |access-date=October 12, 2016}}

In an article following her recovery, entitled "Moving On", Manning reflected on her change in identity, wishing people to see her no longer as "Chelsea Manning, formerly Bradley Manning, a US Army Soldier ... convicted", but as a person. She used a selfie from 2008 to accompany the article.{{Cite web |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |title=Moving On: Reflecting on my identity |date=July 18, 2016 |work=Medium |url= https://medium.com/@xychelsea/moving-on-c78c37079aa6 |access-date=August 2, 2016}}

In November 2016, Manning disclosed that she made a second suicide attempt on October 4, 2016, on the first night of her solitary confinement.{{cite news |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (author) |title=Chelsea Manning Tried Committing Suicide a Second Time in October |work=The New York Times |date=November 4, 2016 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/05/us/chelsea-manning-tried-committing-suicide-a-second-time-in-october.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |access-date=November 4, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161106003500/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/05/us/chelsea-manning-tried-committing-suicide-a-second-time-in-october.html |archive-date=November 6, 2016}}

On September 9, 2016, Manning began a hunger strike to protest what she described as her being bullied by prison authorities and the U.S. government.{{Cite news |last1=Pilkington |first1=Ed |title=Chelsea Manning starts hunger strike, saying she is bullied in prison |work=The Guardian |date=September 9, 2016 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/09/chelsea-manning-hunger-strike-bullying-wikileaks |access-date=September 10, 2016}} On September 13, the ACLU announced that Manning had ended the five-day hunger strike after the Army agreed to provide gender transition surgery. The operation, however, was not performed before her release from prison in May 2017.

File:Chelsea Manning.jpg Next Festival 2018 in Milan]]

In a June 9, 2017, appearance on Good Morning America, her first interview following her release, Manning said she "accepted responsibility" for her actions, and thanked former President Obama for giving her "another chance".{{cite news |last1=Lartey |first1=Jamiles |title=Chelsea Manning on responsibility: Owed it to public, accepts it for actions |work=The Guardian |date=June 9, 2017 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/09/chelsea-manning-interview-good-morning-america |access-date=June 9, 2017}} She now earns a living through speaking engagements.

On September 13, 2017, Manning was named a visiting fellow at Harvard University. Bill Delahunt, acting director of the Harvard Institute of Politics, said: "Broadening the range and depth of opportunity for students to hear from and engage with experts, leaders and policy-shapers is a cornerstone of the Institute of Politics. We welcome the breadth of thought-provoking viewpoints on race, gender, politics and the media."{{Cite news |title=Chelsea Manning, Sean Spicer named fellows at Harvard |work=Reuters |date=September 13, 2017|url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-harvard/chelsea-manning-sean-spicer-named-fellows-at-harvard-idUSKCN1BO20Q}} Harvard said Manning would visit for a limited number of events meant to spark campus discussion,{{cite news |title=Former CIA Leader Quits Harvard Role Over Chelsea Manning Appointment |work=Bloomberg Politics |date=September 14, 2017 |agency=Associated Press |url= https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-14/former-cia-chief-leaves-harvard-after-manning-named-fellow}} and in particular would engage students in discourse on "issues of LGBTQ identity in the military".{{cite web |title=Institute of Politics at Harvard Kennedy School Announces Additional Visiting Fellows |work=HKS.Harvard.edu |publisher=Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University |date=September 13, 2017 |url= https://www.hks.harvard.edu/announcements/institute-politics-harvard-kennedy-school-announces-additional-visiting-fellows}} According to online newspaper PinkNews, this marked "the only LGBT-related fellowship in Harvard history".{{cite news |last=Duffy |first=Nick |date=September 15, 2017 |title=Harvard University revokes Chelsea Manning's LGBT rights fellowship after pressure from CIA |work=PinkNews |url= http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/09/15/harvard-university-revokes-chelsea-mannings-visiting-fellowship-after-pressure-from-cia/}}

The next day Michael Morell, former deputy director and twice acting director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), resigned as a nonresident senior fellow at Harvard's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. "Unfortunately," Morell wrote, "I cannot be part of an organization—The Kennedy School—that honors a convicted felon and leaker of classified information ... the Kennedy School's decision will assist Ms. Manning in her long-standing effort to legitimize the criminal path that she took to prominence, an attempt that may encourage others to leak classified information as well."{{cite news |last=Beavers |first=Olivia |date=September 14, 2017 |title=Former CIA official resigns from Harvard after Chelsea Manning hiring |work=The Hill |url= https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/350684-top-former-cia-official-resigns-as-harvard-senior-fellow-in/}} Later that day, CIA director Mike Pompeo advised the university that he supported Morell's decision, and withdrew from his scheduled public appearance that evening at Harvard's Kennedy School.{{cite web |last=Brammer |first=John Paul |date=September 14, 2017 |title=Ex-CIA Director Resigns from Harvard Over Chelsea Manning Hire |work=NBC News |url= https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/ex-cia-boss-resigns-harvard-after-chelsea-manning-hire-n801341}} Calling Manning an "American traitor",{{cite news |work=The News & Observer |date=September 14, 2017 |agency=Associated Press |title=The Latest: Pompeo cancels Harvard speech over Manning |url= http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/national-politics/article173425991.html |access-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-date=September 15, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170915072601/http://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/national-politics/article173425991.html}} Pompeo wrote: "While I have served my country as a soldier in the United States Army and will continue to defend Ms. Manning's right to offer a defense of why she chose this path, I believe it is shameful for Harvard to place its stamp of approval upon her treasonous actions."

On September 15, 2017, Douglas Elmendorf, dean of the Kennedy School, announced that Manning had been invited to spend only a single day at the school and that her title of visiting fellow did not convey a special honor. "We did not intend to honor her in any way", Elmendorf wrote, "or to endorse any of her words or deeds .... However, I now think that designating Chelsea Manning as a Visiting Fellow was a mistake, for which I accept responsibility. ... Therefore, we are withdrawing the invitation to her to serve as a Visiting Fellow—and the perceived honor that it implies to some people—while maintaining the invitation for her to spend a day at the Kennedy School and speak in the Forum. I apologize to her and to the many concerned people from whom I have heard today for not recognizing upfront the full implications of our original invitation."{{cite web |last=Elmendorf |first=Douglas |author-link=Douglas Elmendorf |title=Statement from Dean Elmendorf regarding the invitation to Chelsea Manning to be a Visiting Fellow |date=September 15, 2017 |work=HKS.Harvard.edu |publisher=Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University |url= https://www.hks.harvard.edu/announcements/statement-dean-elmendorf-regarding-invitation-chelsea-manning-be-visiting-fellow}} When Elmendorf phoned Manning, a member of her support team challenged him to explain why Harvard was so concerned about the title "visiting fellow". The team was alienated by his response, which they inferred suggested she had nothing to contribute. Manning then hung up on the dean.{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title=Chelsea Manning hung up phone on Harvard dean who delivered fellowship snub |work=The Guardian |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/15/chelsea-manning-harvard-kennedy-school |date=September 15, 2017}}

On September 17, 2017, during a public appearance at The Nantucket Project in Massachusetts, Manning said: "I'm not ashamed of being disinvited. I view that just as much of an honored distinction as the fellowship itself."{{cite web |title=Chelsea Manning: 'I believe I did the best I could' |work=Associated Press |date=September 17, 2017 |url= https://apnews.com/f1d9cb69013b4472b5a84992ccb8160}} She added, "This is a military intelligence and it is a police state in which we can no longer engage in actual political discourse in our institutions."{{cite news |last=Pilkington |first=Ed |title='This is a police state': Chelsea Manning accuses Harvard of caving to CIA |work=The Guardian |date=September 18, 2017 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/18/i-did-the-best-i-could-chelsea-manning-hits-back-at-traitor-accusations}}

On September 22, 2017, Manning was denied entry to Canada from the United States because of her criminal record.{{cite news |title=Chelsea Manning says she was denied entry to Canada over criminal record |work=The Globe and Mail |date=September 25, 2017 |url= https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/chelsea-manning-says-she-was-denied-entry-to-canada-over-criminal-record/article36384332/}} According to a letter from Canadian immigration officials, posted online by Manning,{{cite tweet |user=xychelsea |last=Manning |first=Chelsea E. |number=912335895344402432 |title=so, i guess canada has permanently banned me? |date=September 25, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170925173446/https://twitter.com/xychelsea/status/912335895344402432 |archive-date=September 25, 2017}} she is inadmissible due to being convicted of offenses equivalent to treason in Canada. Manning told Reuters that she had planned to vacation in Montreal and Vancouver, but was stopped at a Quebec border crossing by the Canada Border Services Agency on the evening of September 21 and detained overnight. She said she would retain a Canadian lawyer to challenge the inadmissibility finding before a Canadian tribunal.{{Cite news |title=Chelsea Manning says she was denied entry to Canada |work=Reuters |date=September 25, 2017 |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-immigration-manning/chelsea-manning-says-she-was-denied-entry-to-canada-idUSKCN1C02OW}} In October 2021, appearing virtually at an Immigration and Refugee Board hearing to determine her admissibility, Manning called the four-year process to visit Canada "exhausting". When questioned by the adjudicator, Manning did not go into detail about what she leaked because she is bound by a non-disclosure agreement with the U.S. government.{{cite news |last=Tunney |first=Catharine |title=Controversial whistleblower Chelsea Manning fighting to be let into Canada |work=CBC News |date=October 7, 2021 |access-date=October 7, 2021 |url= https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chelsea-manning-entry-canada-1.6202902}}{{efn|During an October 8, 2017, appearance at The New Yorker Festival, Manning said she is legally unable to speak about certain details concerning her leaks,{{Cite news |title=Chelsea Manning finds a sympathetic crowd during New Yorker Festival panel |agency=Associated Press |work=New York Daily News |date=October 9, 2017 |url= http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/chelsea-manning-finds-sympathy-new-yorker-festival-article-1.3550350 |access-date=October 9, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055226/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/chelsea-manning-finds-sympathy-new-yorker-festival-article-1.3550350 |archive-date=October 10, 2017}} confirming a July 2017 post from her verified Twitter account saying "technically, {{sic|hidden=y|i cant}} read, comment on, discuss, or even look at any leaked material, even if it was after 2010".{{cite tweet |user=xychelsea |last=Manning |first=Chelsea E. |number=886048121708584960 |title=technically, i cant read, comment on, discuss, or even look at any leaked material, even if it was after 2010 |date=July 14, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170715022301/https://twitter.com/xychelsea/status/886048121708584960 |archive-date=July 15, 2017}}}} The two-day hearing concluded with the adjudicator indicating a final written decision could be expected in 2022.{{cite news |last=Tunney |first=Catharine |title=No decision yet on whether Chelsea Manning can visit Canada Social Sharing |work=CBC News |date=October 8, 2021 |url= https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chelsea-manning-entry-canada-1.6205273 |access-date=October 8, 2021}}

On April 8, 2022, Canada's Immigration and Refugee Board upheld the government's decision to bar Manning's entry.{{cite news |last=Tunney |first=Catharine |title=Chelsea Manning can't enter Canada due to prior convictions, says immigration board |work=CBC News |date=April 12, 2022 |url= https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/chelsea-manning-entry-canada-inadmissable-1.6416761 |access-date=April 12, 2022}}

On January 11, 2018, Manning filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the U.S. Senate in Maryland. On January 18, Manning filed with the Maryland State Board of Elections to challenge the state's senior senator, two-term incumbent Ben Cardin, as a Democrat in the June 26, 2018, primary election.{{Cite news |title=Chelsea Manning officially files for US Senate race |agency=Associated Press |work=The Seattle Times |date=January 18, 2018 |url= https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/chelsea-manning-officially-files-for-us-senate-race/}}

On February 1, The Washington Post raised questions about Manning's eligibility to run: "While her case is on appeal, she is on a technical form of unpaid active duty, putting her political campaign at odds with Department of Defense regulations that prohibit military personnel from seeking public office." Military law expert Eugene R. Fidell of Yale Law School considered it unlikely the Army would take action against her, saying, "Services don't like to create martyrs."{{cite news |last=Portnoy |first=Jenna |title=Is Chelsea Manning eligible to run for U.S. Senate? |work=The Washington Post |date=February 1, 2018 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/is-chelsea-manning-eligible-to-run-for-senate-in-maryland/2018/02/01/eac46be0-06cd-11e8-94e8-e8b8600ade23_story.html}} On February 2, Manning commented: "This is an issue that's cropped up mostly from the conservative blogosphere, and the campaign and we don't believe this is an issue at all. ... I've been issued a dishonorable discharge, and I'm not sure where the issue lies in this case." She also confirmed that she was still appealing her court-martial sentence.{{cite news |work=WAMU |title=The Kojo Nnamdi Show – The Politics Hour |access-date=February 5, 2018 |url= https://wamu.org/story/18/02/02/the-politics-hour-february-2-2018/}}

In mid-February, she said she had no plans to run television ads, explaining, "I can't stand watching campaign ads. We don't need to go to these old-media methods." Commenting on her opponent, 74-year-old incumbent Ben Cardin, she stated, "He's old hat. He's kept this establishment going."

In May, Manning told the Associated Press that she did not, in fact, consider herself a Democrat, but wanted to shake up establishment Democrats who were "caving in" to President Trump. The AP noted that, despite having raised $72,000 during the first quarter (compared to the incumbent's $336,000), "The candidate has barely made an effort at tapping sources of grassroots enthusiasm outside of activism circles. And it's easy to find progressive Democrats who feel her candidacy is just a vehicle to boost her profile." Manning said she would not run as an independent should her primary bid fail.{{cite web |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chelsea-manning-insurgent-bid-for-u-s-senate-is-genuine/ |title=Chelsea Manning: Insurgent bid for U.S. Senate is genuine |date=May 7, 2018 |work=CBS News |access-date=May 7, 2018}}

On June 26, 2018, Manning finished second among eight Democrats vying for their party's US Senate nomination in Maryland's primary election. Manning received 5.8% of the votes. Incumbent Ben Cardin won renomination with 80.4% of the votes cast.

Shortly after the polls closed, Manning posted a statement on her campaign website. "Over the past several months," she wrote, "it has become clear that my experiences have taken an enormous toll on my physical and emotional health. I stepped back from campaigning to prioritize my own well-being." She thanked "the more than one thousand individual donors who generously contributed to our campaign", and "our team of hundreds of volunteers". But, she added, "after spending hours and hours knocking on doors and making phone calls, I'm convinced that the change people truly need goes beyond what our corrupt two-party system is willing to offer".{{cite web |url= https://xychelsea.is/thanks |title=Thank You |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |date=June 26, 2018 |work=XYChelsea.is |publisher=Chelsea Manning for U.S. Senate |access-date=June 26, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180627090843/https://xychelsea.is/thanks |archive-date=June 27, 2018}}

File:Chelsea Manning, 20 January 2018.jpg

On January 20, 2018, Manning attended "A Night for Freedom" hosted by far-right social media personality Mike Cernovich at the nightclub FREQ in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan. The party was billed, in Cernovich's words, as a "gathering of patriots and political dissidents who are bored with mainstream political events", and included right-wing figures such as Gavin McInnes, James O'Keefe, Lucian Wintrich,{{Cite news |last=Swenson |first=Kyle |title=Chelsea Manning showed up at a far-right pro-Trump bash, infuriating the far left |work=The Washington Post |date=January 23, 2018 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/01/23/chelsea-manning-showed-up-at-a-far-right-pro-trump-bash-infuriating-the-far-left/}} and Jack Posobiec.{{Cite news |last=Nguyen |first=Tina |title=Can Mike Cernovich Be Steve Bannon's Mini-Me? |work=Vanity Fair |date=January 23, 2018 |url= https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2018/01/far-right-party-mike-cernovich}} According to The Washington Post, Manning's attendance infuriated the far-left. "What followed," The Post reported, "was an overheated Internet tug-of-war between opposite sides of the political spectrum, each accusing the other of co-opting Manning, while her intentions were relentlessly picked apart." Manning afterward stated that she was acting as a double agent, infiltrating the alt-right to gather information and insight about alt-right rally plans. It later emerged that Manning participated with Cassandra Fairbanks (an admirer and writer for the right-wing website The Gateway Pundit), Posobiec, Wintrich, and others in Escape the Room DC, and spent an evening drinking and playing Cards Against Humanity at Wintrich's apartment with him, Fairbanks, and others. Manning repeated her intentions to gain information about the alt-right, but apologised to her supporters who felt betrayed.{{Cite news |last=Burns |first=Katelyn |title=Chelsea Manning on Her Alt-Right Partying: 'I Was a Spy, Not a Racist' |work=The Daily Beast |date=January 26, 2018 |url= https://www.thedailybeast.com/chelsea-manning-i-was-a-spy-not-a-racist}}

In August 2018, the Government of Australia refused to issue Manning a visa to enter the country, where she was scheduled to make a series of public appearances. The company arranging Manning's speaking tour said it would appeal the decision,{{cite web |last1=Westcott |first1=Ben |last2=Watson |first2=Angus |title=Australia refuses to give a visa to Chelsea Manning, who wants to visit as part of a speaking tour |date=August 30, 2018 |work=CNN |url= https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/30/australia/chelsea-manning-australia-visa-intl/index.html |access-date=August 30, 2018}} taken under s501(1) of the Migration Act, which authorizes a minister to refuse a visa on character grounds.{{cite news |last1=Noyes |first1=Jenny |last2=Lallo |first2=Michael |date=August 30, 2018 |title='She poses no threat': Chelsea Manning tour promoters ask for discretion |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url= https://www.smh.com.au/national/us-leaker-chelsea-manning-barred-from-entering-australia-ahead-of-tour-20180830-p500qf.html |access-date=August 30, 2018}} The Department of Home Affairs specified that Manning did not pass the character test because of her "substantial criminal record".{{cite news |last=Kwai |first=Isabella |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Australia Plans to Deny Chelsea Manning an Entry Visa, Citing 'Criminal Record' |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/world/australia/chelsea-manning-visa-ban.html |url-access=limited |access-date=August 30, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180830070605/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/29/world/australia/chelsea-manning-visa-ban.html |archive-date=August 30, 2018}} On September 2, Manning spoke as scheduled at the Sydney Opera House except that she appeared onscreen live via satellite from Los Angeles.{{cite news |last=Truu |first=Maani |date=September 2, 2018 |title='A convicted terrorist and a convicted spy' walk into the Opera House ... and get a standing ovation |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url= https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/a-convicted-terrorist-and-a-convicted-spy-walk-into-the-opera-house-and-get-a-standing-ovation-20180902-p501ak.html |access-date=September 2, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045647/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/a-convicted-terrorist-and-a-convicted-spy-walk-into-the-opera-house-and-get-a-standing-ovation-20180902-p501ak.html |archive-date=September 3, 2018}}

On August 31, 2018, Immigration New Zealand granted Manning special direction to apply for a work visa to enter New Zealand, stating there was "no reason to believe Ms Manning would not comply with the terms and conditions of any visa issued". Due to her previous convictions for espionage and other offenses, Manning is subject to character provisions of the Immigration Act. Manning had plans to tour Auckland and Wellington on September 8 and 9.{{cite news |title=Manning allowed visa for NZ talks |work=Otago Daily Times |date=August 31, 2018 |url= https://www.odt.co.nz/news/national/manning-allowed-visa-nz-talks |access-date=August 31, 2018}}{{cite news |last1=Cooke |first1=Henry |title=Chelsea Manning granted special direction to apply for visa |work=Stuff.co.nz |date=August 31, 2018 |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/106718206/chelsea-manning-granted-special-direction-to-apply-for-visa |access-date=August 31, 2018}}{{cite magazine |last=Perry |first=Nick |title=New Zealand to Allow Chelsea Manning after she was barred by Australia |work=Time |date=August 31, 2018 |url= http://time.com/5383739/chealsea-manning-australia-new-zealand/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180831225721/http://time.com/5383739/chealsea-manning-australia-new-zealand/ |archive-date=August 31, 2018 |access-date=August 31, 2018}} Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern defended the New Zealand Government's decision to allow Manning entry, stating that "we are a nation that allows free speech".{{cite news |title='We are a nation that allows free speech' – New Zealanders should be allowed to hear Chelsea Manning, says Ardern |work=1News |publisher=TVNZ |date=August 31, 2018 |url= https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/we-nation-allows-free-speech-new-zealanders-should-allowed-hear-chelsea-manning-says-ardern |access-date=August 31, 2018}} By contrast, the center-right National Party had called for Manning to be banned from entering New Zealand on national security grounds due to her espionage and computer-fraud convictions.{{cite news |last=Cooke |first=Henry |title=National wants Chelsea Manning barred from New Zealand |work=Stuff.co.nz |date=August 31, 2018 |url= https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/106620364/national-wants-chelsea-manning-barred-from-new-zealand |access-date=August 31, 2018}}{{cite news |title=Judith Collins calls Chelsea Manning a 'traitor' who cost lives |work=Newshub |date=August 31, 2018 |url= https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2018/08/judith-collins-calls-chelsea-manning-a-traitor-who-cost-lives.html |access-date=August 31, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180831004131/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2018/08/judith-collins-calls-chelsea-manning-a-traitor-who-cost-lives.html |archive-date=August 31, 2018}}

In August 2021, Forbes reported that Manning had been contracted to conduct an information security audit with Nym Technologies, a Swiss cryptocurrency and VPN startup "to send data anonymously around the Internet using the same blockchain technology underlying Bitcoin".

In May 2019, Manning announced that Farrar, Straus & Giroux would publish her memoir. She said it would be primarily a personal narrative that would not relitigate the facts of her case.{{cite web |last=Savage |first=Charlie |author-link=Charlie Savage (author) |date=May 13, 2019 |title='I'm Really Opening Myself Up': Chelsea Manning Signs Book Deal |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/books/booksupdate/chelsea-manning-book-deal.html |url-access=limited |access-date=March 7, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190513205233/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/13/books/booksupdate/chelsea-manning-book-deal.html |archive-date=May 13, 2019}} The book, README.txt, was published in 2022.Reviews:{{bulleted list|{{cite news |last=Brockes |first=Emma |title=Chelsea Manning: 'I struggle with the so-called free world compared with life in prison' |work=The Guardian |date=October 22, 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/oct/22/chelsea-manning-leaked-military-documents-free-world-prison}}|{{cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Margaret |title=Why Chelsea Manning Went to WikiLeaks, and What It Cost Her |work=The New York Times |date=October 18, 2022 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/18/books/review/chelsea-manning-readme-txt-memoir.html |access-date=November 12, 2022}}|{{cite news |last=Rosenberg |first=Jordy |title=A memoir in which everything is classified and nothing is secret |work=The Washington Post |date=October 18, 2022 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/books/2022/10/18/chelsea-manning-readme-memoir-review/ |access-date=November 12, 2022}}|{{cite web |last=Parkin |first=Simon |title=README.txt by Chelsea Manning review – secrets and spies |work=The Guardian |date=October 27, 2022 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/oct/27/readmetxt-by-chelsea-manning-review-secrets-and-spies |access-date=November 12, 2022}}|{{cite web |title=README.txt |work=Kirkus Reviews |date=October 16, 2022 |url= https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chelsea-manning/readmetxt/ |access-date=November 12, 2022}}|{{cite web |last=Deery |first=Phillip |date=December 18, 2022 |title=Chelsea Manning's memoir is gripping, but you're barred from reading it all |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |url= https://www.smh.com.au/culture/books/chelsea-manning-s-memoir-is-gripping-but-you-re-barred-from-reading-it-all-20221215-p5c6qm.html |access-date=December 19, 2022}}}} It focuses on Manning's early adulthood, Army career, and early gender transition.{{cite book |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |date=2022 |title=README.txt: A Memoir |url= https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374279271/readmetxt |publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux}} During an interview about the book, Manning said:{{Cite interview |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |interviewer-last=Moskowiitz |interviewer-first=P. E. |date=October 21, 2022 |title=Chelsea Manning Is Done Being a Symbol |access-date=May 23, 2023 |work=Them |url= https://www.them.us/story/chelsea-manning-readmetxt-book-launch-interview}}

{{blockquote|I wanted to put down in writing the context of who I am, my whole life, my life story—from my perspective as much as possible. Obviously, it's in the context of people's interest in certain events. But I am an all-encompassing human being, and I didn't come from a vacuum. I was shaped into the person I've become. And I wanted to sketch that out, give people an idea of my own background, my own story. It's been called a memoir but I think of it more as a coming-of-age story.}}

File:Chelsea Manning at Bushwig 03 (cropped).jpg at Knockdown Center for Bushwig 2023.]]

Before her arrest in 2010, Manning was known to DJ on occasion. She has returned to DJing as of August 2022.{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Lily |title=Know Who Else Is a D.J. in Brooklyn? Chelsea Manning |date=August 23, 2022 |work=The New York Times |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/23/style/chelsea-manning-dj-brooklyn.html |access-date=August 23, 2022}}{{cite magazine |last=Heller |first=Nathan |date=September 5, 2022 |title=Manning drops bass |department="The Talk of the Town: There and Back" dept. |work=The New Yorker |volume=98 |issue=27 |pages=12–13 |url= https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2022/09/05/chelsea-mannings-wicked-beats |access-date=February 26, 2023}}

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Information security
• Information sensitivity
• LGBT people in prison
• List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States
• McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950
• Reception of WikiLeaks
• The Source (oratorio)
• Yours Truly (2019 film)

{{div col end}}

{{reflist|group=note}}

{{notelist}}

{{Self-reference|Note: Sources that are used repeatedly or are central to the article are presented in shortened form in this section; for full citations for those sources, see the Bibliography section below. Other sources are cited in full in this section.}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book |last=Brooke |first=Heather |title=The Revolution Will be Digitised: Dispatches from the Information War |date=2012 |publisher=Windmill Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-09-953808-0 |oclc=794295988 |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794295988}}
• {{Cite book |last=Domscheit-Berg |first=Daniel |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/701412231 |title=Inside Wikileaks: My time with Julian Assange at the world's most dangerous website |date=2011 |publisher=Doubleday |location=New York |isbn=978-0-307-95191-5 |oclc=701412231}}
• {{Cite book |last=Fowler |first=Andrew |title=The Most Dangerous Man in the World: How One Hacker Ended Corporate and Government Secrecy Forever |date=2011 |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |isbn=978-1-61608-489-9 |location=New York |oclc=706021712 |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/706021712}}
• {{Cite book |last1=Leigh |first1=David |last2=Harding |first2=Luke |title=Wikileaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy |date=2011 |publisher=Guardian Books |isbn=978-1-61039-062-0 |oclc=708581074 |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/708581074}}
• {{Cite book |last=Nicks |first=Denver |author-link=Denver Nicks |url= https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794491750 |title=Private: Bradley Manning, WikiLeaks, and the Biggest Exposure of Official Secrets in American History |date=2012 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-61374-069-9 |oclc=794491750}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• Caesar, Ed. [http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 "Bradley Manning: Wikileaker"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130514070751/http://www.edcaesar.co.uk/article.php?article_id=53 |date=May 14, 2013 }}, The Sunday Times, December 19, 2010; from the original on April 7, 2012.
• Fishman, Steve. [http://nymag.com/news/features/bradley-manning-2011-7/ "Bradley Manning's Army of One"], New York Magazine, July 3, 2011.
• {{cite web |last=Greenwald |first=Glenn |title=The strange and consequential case of Bradley Manning, Adrian Lamo and WikiLeaks |work=Salon |date=June 18, 2010 |url= http://www.salon.com/2010/06/18/wikileaks_3/ |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130202183045/http://www.salon.com/2010/06/18/wikileaks_3/ |archive-date=February 2, 2013 |ref={{sfnref|Greenwald|2010a}}}}
• Last, Jonathan V. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-lefts-canonization-of-st-bradley-manning/ "The Left's Canonization of St. Bradley Manning"], CBS News, January 11, 2011.
• Manning, Bradley. [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh&hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG "Memorandum"], released by David Coombs, March 10, 2011; [https://web.archive.org/web/20190703012636/https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoMzMyNWExZmUtZjEzMS00ZjM2LWE3OWMtM2I4NzY5NDNkMmFh/edit?hl=en&authkey=CMKgiogG&pli=1&pli=1 archived] from the original on April 6, 2012.
• Manning, Bradley. [https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B_zC44SBaZPoQmJUYURBUnBycUk "PFC Manning's statement redacted"], January 29, 2013.
• Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/who-is-wikileaks-suspect-bradley-manning/2011/04/16/AFMwBmrF_print.html "Bradley Manning is at the center of the WikiLeaks controversy. But who is he?"], The Washington Post, May 4, 2011; from the original on April 7, 2012.
• Nicks, Denver. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110429142813/http://thislandpress.com/09/23/2010/private-manning-and-the-making-of-wikileaks-2/ "Private Manning and the Making of Wikileaks"], This Land, September 23, 2010.
• PBS Frontline. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ "Bradley Manning's Facebook Page"], March 2011; [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525231659/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/manning-facebook-page/ archived] from the original on April 7, 2011.
• Smith, Martin. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/ "The Private Life of Bradley Manning"], PBS Frontline, March 7, 2011 (interview transcripts: [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/brian-manning.html "Brian Manning"] and [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/wikileaks/bradley-manning/interviews/jordan-davis.html "Jordan Davis"]).
• {{cite news |last=Thompson |first=Ginger |date=August 8, 2010 |work=The New York Times |page=1 |title=Early Struggles of Soldier Charged in Leak Case |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/09/us/09manning.html |access-date=February 6, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200314010120/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/09/us/09manning.html |archive-date=March 14, 2020}}
• Zetter, Kim. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/12/manning-assange-laptop/ "Jolt in WikiLeaks Case: Feds Found Manning–Assange Chat Logs on Laptop"], Wired, December 19, 2011.

{{refend}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

• {{cite magazine |last1=Poulsen |first1=Kevin |author-link=Kevin Poulsen |title=Ex-hacker Adrian Lamo Institutionalized for Asperger's |work=Wired |date=May 20, 2010 |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/05/lamo/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100523052217/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/05/lamo/ |archive-date=May 23, 2010}}
• {{cite magazine |last1=Poulsen |first1=Kevin |author1-link=Kevin Poulsen |last2=Zetter |first2=Kim |author2-link=Kim Zetter |title=U.S. Intelligence Analyst Arrested in WikiLeaks Video Probe |work=Wired |date=June 6, 2010 |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131027125007/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/leak/ |archive-date=October 27, 2013 |ref={{sfnref|Poulsen|Zetter|2010a}}}}
• {{cite magazine |last1=Poulsen |first1=Kevin |author1-link=Kevin Poulsen |last2=Zetter |first2=Kim |author2-link=Kim Zetter |title='I Can't Believe What I'm Confessing to You': The WikiLeaks Chats |work=Wired |date=June 10, 2010 |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/wikileaks-chat/ |ref={{sfnref|Poulsen|Zetter|2010b}}}}
• Nakashima, Ellen. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/09/AR2010060906170.html "Messages from alleged leaker Bradley Manning portray him as despondent soldier"], The Washington Post, June 10, 2010.
• {{cite web |last=Greenwald |first=Glenn |author-link=Glenn Greenwald |title=Email exchange between Glenn Greenwald and Kevin Poulsen |date=June 14–17, 2010 |work=UTDocuments |via=Blogspot |url= http://utdocuments.blogspot.ca/2010/06/email-exchange-with-wireds-kevin.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130512100025/http://utdocuments.blogspot.ca/2010/06/email-exchange-with-wireds-kevin.html |archive-date=May 12, 2013 |ref={{sfnref|Greenwald|2010b}}}}
• {{cite magazine |last1=Poulsen |first1=Kevin |author1-link=Kevin Poulsen |last2=Zetter |first2=Kim |author2-link=Kim Zetter |title=Three Weeks After Arrest, Still No Charges in WikiLeaks Probe |work=Wired |date=June 16, 2010 |url= https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/manning-detainment/ |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100619142045/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/manning-detainment/ |archive-date=June 19, 2010 |ref={{sfnref|Poulsen|Zetter|2010c}}}}
• {{cite web |last=Jardin |first=Xeni |author-link=Xeni Jardin |title=WikiLeaks: A somewhat less redacted version of the Lamo/Manning logs |work=Boing Boing |date=June 19, 2010 |url= http://www.boingboing.net/2010/06/19/wikileaks-a-somewhat.html}}
• Greenwald, Glenn. [http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/27/wired "The worsening journalistic disgrace at Wired"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110902072022/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/27/wired |date=September 2, 2011 }}, Salon, December 27, 2010.
• Hansen, Evan and Poulsen, Kevin. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ "Putting the Record Straight on the Lamo-Manning Chat Logs"], Wired, December 28, 2010.

[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/#update123110 Hansen, Poulsen, December 28, 2010] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140209092525/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/#update123110 |date=February 9, 2014 }}

[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ Hansen and Poulsen, December 28, 2010] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140209092525/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/greenwald/ |date=February 9, 2014 }}

• Greenwald, Glenn. [http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/29/wired_1 "Wired's refusal to release or comment on the Manning chat logs"] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110126223032/http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/glenn_greenwald/2010/12/29/wired_1 |date=January 26, 2011 }}, Salon, December 29, 2010.
• Firedoglake. [http://firedoglake.com/merged-manning-lamo-chat-logs/ "Manning/WikiLeaks timeline"], published as a complete version of the released excerpts. Retrieved March 14, 2011; from the original on March 28, 2012.
• Hansen, Evan. [https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2011/07/manning-lamo-logs/ "Manning-Lamo Chat Logs Revealed"], Wired, July 13, 2011; from the original on March 28, 2012.

{{refend}}

• Khatchadourian, Raffi. [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all "No Secrets"], The New Yorker, June 7, 2010.
• The Guardian. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/the-war-logs "Afghanistan: The War Logs"]. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
• The Guardian. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/iraq-war-logs "Iraq: The War Logs"]. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
• The New York Times. [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/world/war-logs.html "The War Logs" – WikiLeaks Documents]. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
• Wired. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100623102155/https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/category/bradley-manning/ "Bradley Manning"]. Retrieved August 26, 2017.
• {{Cite news |title=The Fog Machine of War |last=Manning |first=Chelsea |date=June 15, 2014 |work=The New York Times |page=SR4 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/15/opinion/sunday/chelsea-manning-the-us-militarys-campaign-against-media-freedom.html |access-date=June 14, 2014}}
• {{Cite news |last1=Shaer |first1=Matthew |title=The Long, Lonely Road of Chelsea Manning |work=The New York Times |date=June 12, 2017 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/12/magazine/the-long-lonely-road-of-chelsea-manning.html |issn=0362-4331}}

• Assange, Julian. Julian Assange: The Unauthorised Autobiography. Canongate Books, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0857863843}}.
• Madar, Chase. The Passion of Bradley Manning. OR Books, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1935928539}}.
• Mitchell, Greg and Gosztola, Kevin. Truth and Consequences: The U.S. vs. Bradley Manning. Sinclair Books, 2012. {{ISBN|978-0615621975}}.
• Maxwell, Lida. Insurgent Truth: Chelsea Manning and the Politics of Outsider Truth-telling. Oxford University Press, 2019. {{ISBN|0190920025}}.
• Fischer, Mia. Terrorizing Gender: Transgender Visibility and the Surveillance Practices of the U.S. Security State. University of Nebraska Press, 2019. {{ISBN|978-1496206749}}.
• Lombardi, Chris. I Ain't Marching Anymore: Dissenters, Deserters, and Objectors to America's Wars. The New Press, 2020. {{ISBN|978-1620973172}}.

{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|q=Chelsea Manning|s=Author:Chelsea Manning|commons=Category:Chelsea Manning|n=Category:Chelsea Manning|v=no|species=no|d=Q298423|voy=no|m=no|mw=no}}

• {{Bluesky}}
• {{Twitter}}
• {{Twitch|id=xychelsea87}}
• {{IMDb name|id=4808915}}
• [http://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/276/201801110200001276/201801110200001276.pdf Federal Election Commission (FEC) Form 2 Statement of Candidacy filed January 11, 2018 by Chelsea Elizabeth Manning]
• [https://www.fec.gov/data/elections/senate/MD/2018/ Federal Election Commission (FEC) Maryland – Senate Candidate Financial Totals including Chelsea Elizabeth Manning]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20180426162947/https://xychelsea.is/ Chelsea Manning for US Senate campaign website]

{{external media

|video1=[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2018/jan/14/chelsea-manning-releases-campaign-ad-for-us-senate-run-video "Chelsea Manning releases campaign ad for US Senate run"], The Guardian, January 14, 2018

|video2=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXrPMPqYi_k "'Rosa Parks was essentially a criminal': Chelsea Manning responds to being labelled a criminal]", Matter of Fact with Stan Grant, ABC News (Australia), August 28, 2018

|video3=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RtDC7FqCkE Chelsea Manning Takes Down Trump and So-called 'Moderates'], Owen Jones, November 13, 2020

}}

{{WikiLeaks|state=collapsed}}

{{Laureates of the Sam Adams Award|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{Portal bar|Biography|LGBTQ}}

{{Good article}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manning, Chelsea}}

Category:1987 births

Category:Living people

Category:21st-century American criminals

Category:21st-century American LGBTQ people

Category:21st-century American women politicians

Category:Activists from Oklahoma

Category:American atheists

Category:American freedom of information activists

Category:American female criminals

Category:American LGBTQ military personnel

Category:American people of Welsh descent

Category:American whistleblowers

Category:Articles containing video clips

Category:Criminals from Oklahoma

Category:Iraq War legal issues

Category:LGBTQ people from Oklahoma

Category:Maryland Democrats

Category:People educated at Tasker-Milward V.C. School

Category:People from Logan County, Oklahoma

Category:People convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917

Category:Political prisoners in the United States

Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States military

Category:Recipients of American presidential clemency

Category:Transgender military personnel

Category:Transgender women politicians

Category:Transgender women writers

Category:American transgender writers

Category:United States Army personnel of the Iraq War

Category:United States Army personnel who were court-martialed

Category:United States Army soldiers

Category:People associated with WikiLeaks

Category:Chelsea Manning

Category:Inmates of United States Disciplinary Barracks

Category:American transgender women