:Dover

{{Main article|History of Dover}}

File:View of Dover by Richard Wilson, 1746-47.jpg, 1746-47]]

File:George Chambers (1803-40) - A View of Dover - RCIN 405276 - Royal Collection.jpg, 1832]]

File:Sea front, Dover, England-LCCN2002696721.jpg

Archaeological finds have shown that there were Stone Age people in the area, and that some Iron Age finds also exist.{{cite web|title=Archaeology|url=http://www.doversociety.org.uk/history-scrapbook/archaeology|publisher=The Dover Society|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330080041/http://www.doversociety.org.uk/history-scrapbook/archaeology|archive-date=30 March 2018|url-status=dead}} During the Roman period, the area became part of the Roman communications network. It was connected by road to Canterbury and Watling Street and it became Portus Dubris, a fortified port. Dover has a partly preserved Roman lighthouse (the tallest surviving Roman structure in Britain) and the remains of a villa with preserved Roman wall paintings.{{cite web|title=Roman Dover|url=http://www.dover-kent.co.uk/roman_index.htm|website=Dover-kent.co.uk|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203015909/http://www.dover-kent.co.uk/roman_index.htm#|archive-date=3 February 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}} Dover later figured in Domesday Book (1086).

Forts were built above the port and lighthouses were constructed to guide passing ships. It is one of the Cinque Ports.Oldfield, Thomas Hinton Burley. (1794). An entire and complete history, political and personal, of the boroughs of Great Britain: Together with the Cinque Ports, 2d ed. corr. and improved. London: B. Crosby. and has served as a bastion against various attackers: notably the French during the Napoleonic Wars and Germany during the Second World War.

During the Cold War, a Regional Seat of Government was located within the White Cliffs beneath Dover Castle. This is omitted from the strategic objects appearing on the Soviet 1:10,000 city plan of Dover that was produced in 1974.{{Cite journal|last=Kent|first=Alexander J.|date=21 April 2021|title=The Soviet military 1:10,000 city plan of Dover, UK (1974)|journal=The Cartographic Journal|volume=7|issue=2|pages=245–251|doi=10.1080/23729333.2021.1910185|s2cid=235304780|doi-access=free}} The port would have served as an embarkation point for sending reinforcements to the British Army of the Rhine in the event of a Soviet ground invasion of Europe.

In 1974, a discovery was made at Langdon Bay off the coast near Dover. It contained bronze axes of French design and is probably the remainder of the cargo of a sunken ship. At the same time, this find also shows that trade routes across the Channel between England and France existed already in the Bronze Age, or even earlier. In 1992, the so-called Dover boat from the Bronze Age was discovered in six metres depth underwater. This is one of the oldest finds of a seaworthy boat. Using the radiocarbon method of investigation, the boat's construction was dated to approximately 1550 BC.

First recorded in its Latinised form of Portus Dubris, the name derives from the Brythonic word for water ({{lang|wlm|dwfr}} in Middle Welsh, {{lang|cy|dŵr}} in Modern Welsh apart from 'dwfrliw' (Watercolour) which has retained the old Welsh spelling, {{lang|br|dour}} in Breton). The same element is present in the town's French name {{lang|fr|Douvres}} and the name of the river, Dour, which is also evident in other English towns such as Wendover. However, the modern Modern Welsh name {{lang|cy|Dofr}} is an adaptation of the English name Dover.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=dover#:~:text=English%3A%20habitational%20name%20from%20the,Welsh%20dwfr%20'water').|title=Website|website=ancestry.co.uk|access-date=2020-09-20|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028214408/https://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=dover#:~:text=English%3A%20habitational%20name%20from%20the,Welsh%20dwfr%20'water').|url-status=live}}

The current name was in use at least by the time of Shakespeare's King Lear (between 1603 and 1606), in which the town and its cliffs play a prominent role.{{cite journal |last1=Goldberg |first1=Jonathan |title=Dover Cliff and the Conditions of Representation: King Lear 4:6 in Perspective |journal=Poetics Today |date=1984 |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=537–547|doi=10.2307/1772378 |jstor=1772378 }}

{{Main article|Battle of Sandwich (1217)}}

Louis VIII of France landed his army, seeking to depose King Henry III, on Dover's mainland beach. Henry III ambushed Louis' army with approximately 400 bowmen atop The White Cliffs of Dover and his cavalry attacking the invaders on the beach. However, the French slaughtered the English cavalry and made their way up the cliffs to disperse the bowmen. Louis' army seized Dover village, forcing the English back to Canterbury. French control of Dover lasted for three months after which English troops pushed back, forcing the French to surrender and return home.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

File:Dovermap1945.jpg

Dover is in the south-east corner of Britain. From South Foreland, the nearest point to the European mainland, Cap Gris Nez is {{convert|34|km|mi}} away across the Strait of Dover.{{cite web |url=http://www.eosnap.com/?tag=strait-of-dover |title=Eosnap.com |website=Eosnap.com |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-date=30 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530092024/http://www.eosnap.com/tag/strait-of-dover/ |url-status=dead }}

The site of its original settlement lies in the valley of the River Dour, sheltering from the prevailing south-westerly winds. This has led to the silting up of the river mouth by the action of longshore drift. The town has been forced into making artificial breakwaters to keep the port in being. These breakwaters have been extended and adapted so that the port lies almost entirely on reclaimed land.

The higher land on either side of the valley – the Western Heights and the eastern high point on which Dover Castle stands – has been adapted to perform the function of protection against invaders. The town has gradually extended up the river valley, encompassing several villages in doing so. Little growth is possible along the coast, since the cliffs are on the sea's edge. The railway, being tunnelled and embanked, skirts the foot of the cliffs.

Dover has an oceanic climate (Köppen classification Cfb) similar to the rest of the United Kingdom with mild temperatures year-round and a light amount of rainfall each month. The warmest recorded temperature was {{convert|37.4|C|F}}, recorded at Langdon Bay on 25 July 2019,{{cite web|url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03796&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2022&mes=07&day=19&hora=18|title=03796: Langdon Bay (United Kingdom)|website=Met Office|access-date=26 November 2022|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126194703/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=03796&decoded=yes&ndays=2&ano=2022&mes=07&day=19&hora=18|url-status=live}} While the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-9.5|C}}, recorded at Dover RMS on 31 January 1972.{{cite web|url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/mintemp_map.php?date=1972-01-31|title=Minimum Temperatures observed on 31st Jan 1972 at 06Z (SYNOP)/09Z (MIDAS/BUFR) UTC (552 reports)|website=Starlings Roost Weather|access-date=8 February 2023}} The temperature is usually between {{convert|3|C}} and {{convert|21.1|C}}.

{{Weather box|location = Dover Harbour (Beach), elevation: {{convert|0|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1918–present{{efn|Extreme temperature were recorded at Dover (1918–1961), Dover RMS (1959–1979), Dover No. 2 (2000–2002) and Langdon Bay (1989–present)}}

| collapsed =

| metric first = y

| single line = y

| Jan record high C = 14.5

| Feb record high C = 16.6

| Mar record high C = 20.6

| Apr record high C = 25.0

| May record high C = 26.4

| Jun record high C = 30.8

| Jul record high C = 37.4

| Aug record high C = 33.0

| Sep record high C = 28.0

| Oct record high C = 24.1

| Nov record high C = 17.8

| Dec record high C = 15.0

| Jan high C = 8.1

| Feb high C = 8.3

| Mar high C = 10.6

| Apr high C = 12.6

| May high C = 16.0

| Jun high C = 18.5

| Jul high C = 20.9

| Aug high C = 21.1

| Sep high C = 19.0

| Oct high C = 15.7

| Nov high C = 11.8

| Dec high C = 8.9

| year high C = 14.3

| Jan mean C = 5.9

| Feb mean C = 6.0

| Mar mean C = 7.7

| Apr mean C = 9.7

| May mean C = 12.7

| Jun mean C = 15.4

| Jul mean C = 17.6

| Aug mean C = 17.9

| Sep mean C = 16.0

| Oct mean C = 12.9

| Nov mean C = 9.3

| Dec mean C = 6.6

| year mean C = 11.5

| Jan low C = 3.6

| Feb low C = 3.6

| Mar low C = 4.7

| Apr low C = 6.8

| May low C = 9.5

| Jun low C = 12.4

| Jul low C = 14.4

| Aug low C = 14.8

| Sep low C = 12.9

| Oct low C = 10.0

| Nov low C = 6.7

| Dec low C = 4.3

| year low C = 8.7

| Jan record low C = -9.5

| Feb record low C = -8.4

| Mar record low C = -7.2

| Apr record low C = -3.4

| May record low C = -0.1

| Jun record low C = 2.2

| Jul record low C = 5.0

| Aug record low C = 7.2

| Sep record low C = 1.7

| Oct record low C = -1.1

| Nov record low C = -3.9

| Dec record low C = -6.1

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 79.1

| Feb precipitation mm = 64.7

| Mar precipitation mm = 45.9

| Apr precipitation mm = 56.6

| May precipitation mm = 49.3

| Jun precipitation mm = 55.1

| Jul precipitation mm = 52.5

| Aug precipitation mm = 63.7

| Sep precipitation mm = 64.3

| Oct precipitation mm = 98.7

| Nov precipitation mm = 107.6

| Dec precipitation mm = 95.0

| year precipitation mm = 832.4

| Jan sun = 64.9

| Feb sun = 82.9

| Mar sun = 125.0

| Apr sun = 192.1

| May sun = 214.6

| Jun sun = 221.8

| Jul sun = 224.2

| Aug sun = 223.7

| Sep sun = 164.5

| Oct sun = 124.2

| Nov sun = 72.5

| Dec sun = 59.2

| year sun = 1769.7

| source 1 = Met Office{{cite web | url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10fvfm1g | title=Dover Harbour (Beach) climate averages | publisher=Met Office | access-date=1 January 2022 | archive-date=27 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027221857/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/u10fvfm1g | url-status=live }}

| source 2 = Starlings Roost Weather{{cite web|url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php|title=Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature|access-date=8 February 2023|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173843/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmax_map.php|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php|title=Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature|access-date=8 February 2023|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201173844/http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/ukobs/temp_month_record_tmin_map.php|url-status=dead}}

}}

In 1800, the year before Britain's first national census, Edward Hasted (1732–1812) reported that the town had a population of almost 10,000 people.{{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63592 |title=Hasted description of Dover |website=British-history.ac.uk |date=29 January 1998 |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810173034/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63592 |archive-date=10 August 2011 |url-status=live }}

At the 2001 census, the town of Dover had 28,156 inhabitants, while the population of the whole urban area of Dover, as calculated by the Office for National Statistics, was 39,078 inhabitants.{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&More=Y |title=KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas |access-date=8 June 2007 |work=National Statistics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050311050212/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&More=Y |archive-date=11 March 2005 |df=dmy }}

With the expansion of Dover, many of the outlying ancient villages have been incorporated into the town. Originally the parishes of Dover St. Mary's and Dover St. James, since 1836 Buckland and Charlton have become part Dover, and Maxton (a hamlet to the west), River, Kearsney, Temple Ewell, and Whitfield, all to the north of the town centre, are within its conurbation.

The town's main shopping streets are the High Street, Biggin Street, Market Square, Cannon Street, Pencester Road and Castle Street. The Castleton Retail Park is to the north-west of the town centre. The new St James' Retail and Leisure Park opened in 2018 and is a southern extension of the town centre; it consists of shops, restaurants, a Travelodge Hotel and a Cineworld Cinema.{{cite web|url=https://www.stjames-dover.co.uk/|title=St James Dover – Retail & Leisure Park – Food, Fashion, Fitness, Film|website=St James Dover – Retail & Leisure Park|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042557/https://www.stjames-dover.co.uk/|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=dead}}

File:Douvres (5).JPG]]

The Dover Harbour Board{{cite web |url=http://www.doverport.co.uk |title=Dover Harbour Board |website=Doverport.co.uk |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981205234510/http://www.doverport.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 December 1998 |url-status=live }} is the responsible authority for the running of the Port of Dover. The English Channel, here at its narrowest point in the Straits of Dover, is the busiest shipping lane in the world. Ferries crossing between here and the Continent have to negotiate their way through the constant stream of shipping crossing their path. The Dover Strait Traffic Separation Scheme allots ships separate lanes when passing through the Strait. The Scheme is controlled by the Channel Navigation Information Service based at Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre Dover. MRCC Dover is also charged with co-ordination of civil maritime search and rescue within these waters.{{cite web |url=http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-hmcg_rescue/channel_navigation_information_service__cnis_/dops_-_all-sar_cnis_unorthodox_crossings.htm |title=The Dover Strait Traffic Navigation Scheme and rules relating thereto |website=Mcga.gov.uk |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829142054/http://www.mcga.gov.uk/c4mca/mcga-hmcg_rescue/channel_navigation_information_service__cnis_/dops_-_all-sar_cnis_unorthodox_crossings.htm |archive-date=29 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}

The Port of Dover is also used by cruise ships. The old Dover Marine railway station building houses one passenger terminal, together with a car park. A second, purpose-built, terminal is located further out along the pier.{{cite web|title=Cruise Port Passenger Guide|url=http://www.doverport.co.uk/_assets/client/images/collateral/13509%20PoD%20Cruise%20edited%202012.pdf|publisher=Port of Dover|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712180909/http://doverport.co.uk/_assets/client/images/collateral/13509%20PoD%20Cruise%20edited%202012.pdf|archive-date=12 July 2014|df=dmy-all}}

The ferry lines using the port are (number of daily sailings in parentheses):

• to Calais: P&O Ferries (13), DFDS Seaways (14), Irish Ferries (14).
• to Dunkirk: DFDS Seaways (11).

These services have been cut in recent years:

• P&O Ferries sailings to Boulogne (5 daily) were withdrawn in 1993 and Zeebrugge (4 daily) in 2002.
• SNCF withdrew their three train ferry sailings on the opening of the Channel Tunnel.
• Regie voor Maritiem Transport[http://users.telenet.be/ostendferry/gallery/rmt.html Ostende ferry] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523134337/http://users.telenet.be/ostendferry/gallery/rmt.html |date=23 May 2009 }}{{cite web |url=http://users.telenet.be/eddy.lannoo/intro_rmt.htm |title=Telenet.be |website=Users.telenet.be |date=19 September 1996 |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609050417/http://users.telenet.be/eddy.lannoo/intro_rmt.htm |archive-date=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} moved their Ostend service of three sailings daily to Ramsgate in 1994; this route was operated by TransEuropa Ferries until April 2013.
• Stena Line merged their 20 Calais sailings into the current P&O operation in 1998.
• Hoverspeed ceased operations in 2005 and withdrew their 8 daily sailings.
• SpeedFerries ceased operations in 2008 and withdrew their 5 daily sailings.
• LD Lines ceased the Dover-Dieppe service on 29 June 2009 and Dover-Boulogne 5 September 2010.
• SeaFrance ceased operations in 2012 of their Dover-Calais service which was their only service.

File:Dover Harbour panorama.jpg]]

File:DoverRathaus.JPG, which dates back to 1203]]

• Blériot memorial: the outline of Louis Blériot's aircraft, marked with granite setts, at the exact spot where Blériot landed after the first cross-Channel flight, 1909{{cite web |url=http://www.hows.org.uk/personal/hillfigs/dover/dover.htm |title=Dover Aeroplane |website=Hows.org.uk |access-date=18 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528121227/http://www.hows.org.uk/personal/hillfigs/dover/dover.htm |archive-date=28 May 2011 |url-status=live }}
• Dover Castle
• White Cliffs of Dover
• Dover Western Heights
• Dover Museum
• Dover Marina
• Dover Pier
• Roman Painted House Museum
• Maison Dieu, Dover
• Samphire Hoe
• South Foreland Lighthouse
• Pines Garden
• St Edmund's Chapel
• St Mary's Church
• St James' Church: preserved as a "tidy ruin"
• St Paul's Church

Dover's main communications artery, the A2 road replicates two former routes, connecting the town with Canterbury. The Roman road was followed for centuries until, in the late 18th century, it became a toll road. Stagecoaches were operating: one description stated that the journey took all day to reach London, from 4{{nbsp}}am to being "in time for supper".{{cite web |url=http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/hst/biography/TheLifeofThomasTelford/chap5.html |title=From The Life of Thomas Telford |website=Worldwideschool.org |access-date=26 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060926225511/http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/books/hst/biography/TheLifeofThomasTelford/chap5.html |archive-date=26 September 2006 |df=dmy-all }}

The other main roads, travelling west and east, are the A20 to Folkestone and thence the M20 to London, and the A258 through Deal to Sandwich.

In December 2020, a long line of freight trucks formed due to sudden border closures with France, because of new strains of COVID-19 within the United Kingdom.{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/covid-travel-ban-leaves-hundreds-of-trucks-stuck-in-uk/a-56016206 |title=COVID travel ban leaves hundreds of trucks stuck in UK | DW | 22.12.2020 |website=Deutsche Welle |access-date=23 December 2020 |archive-date=22 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222184856/https://www.dw.com/en/covid-travel-ban-leaves-hundreds-of-trucks-stuck-in-uk/a-56016206 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/traffic-jam-leaves-thousands-of-trucks-stuck-near-english-channel |title=Traffic jam leaves thousands of trucks stuck near English Channel |website=Daily Sabah |date=22 December 2020 |access-date=23 December 2020 |archive-date=22 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222214734/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/traffic-jam-leaves-thousands-of-trucks-stuck-near-english-channel |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/coronavirus-uk-france-lifts-travel-ban-after-mutant-strain-discovered/news-story/1c61371ca4693b00fe5b5e3c776eef58#bottom-share |title=Coronavirus UK: Nation 'on the brink of disaster' as new strain spreads |access-date=23 December 2020 |archive-date=23 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223222305/https://www.news.com.au/technology/coronavirus-uk-france-lifts-travel-ban-after-mutant-strain-discovered/news-story/1c61371ca4693b00fe5b5e3c776eef58#bottom-share |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-23/france-allows-british-cargo-in-after-coronavirus-blockade/13011474 |title='Nobody cares about us': Tempers flare as truck drivers wait to leave UK after French border closure |newspaper=ABC News |date=23 December 2020 |access-date=23 December 2020 |archive-date=23 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223164636/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-23/france-allows-british-cargo-in-after-coronavirus-blockade/13011474 |url-status=live }}

The railway reached Dover from two directions: the South Eastern Railway's main line connected with Folkestone in 1844, and the London, Chatham & Dover Railway opened its line from Canterbury in 1861. Southeastern trains run from Dover Priory to London Charing Cross, London Victoria or London St Pancras International stations in London, and Ramsgate or Sandwich in Kent. With the introduction of the high-speed service into St Pancras International via High Speed 1, rail journey times between London and Dover were reduced to 55 minutes non-stop.

The Chatham Main Line into Priory was electrified under British Railways in 1959 as part of Stage 1 of Kent Coast Electrification, under the BR 1955 Modernisation Plan.{{cite web|title=Electric Railways |work=Stendec Systems |year=2007 |url=http://www.electric-railways.co.uk/L2_DC_750_CR/1_general/g3_proj/prj-0d75-sr.html |access-date=2007-02-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003510/http://www.electric-railways.co.uk/L2_DC_750_CR/1_general/g3_proj/prj-0d75-sr.html |archive-date=28 September 2007 |df=dmy }} The line up to Ramsgate, via Deal, was subsequently electrified under stage two of Kent Coast electrification in January 1961. The line from Folkestone into Priory was electrified in June 1961.

A tram system operated in the town from 1897 to 1936.

File:France manche vue dover.JPG

Dover has two long distance footpaths: the Saxon Shore Way and the North Downs Way. The National Trust White Cliffs can be reached by foot from the town centre, with pathways to South Foreland Lighthouse, and St Margarets Bay along the cliff top . The walking routes from Dover pass the National Trust visitor centre on the landmark chalk cliffs overlooking the English Channel with views of France visible on a clear day.

Two National Cycle Network routes begin their journey at the town. Route one goes from Dover to Canterbury.{{cite web|url=https://www.sustrans.org.uk/find-a-route-on-the-national-cycle-network/south-coast-east/|title=South Coast East|publisher=www.sustrans.org.uk|access-date=24 September 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922014633/https://www.sustrans.org.uk/find-a-route-on-the-national-cycle-network/south-coast-east/|url-status=live}}

This route links with National Cycle Route 2 from Dover to St Austell, Regional route 16, and Regional route 17 in Dover. It passes three castles. Firstly from Dover on the steap incline past Dover Castle. ThenSouth Foreland Lighthouse is visible from the route. Mostly traffic-free along the east coast from Kingsdown to Deal, passing Walmer Castle and Deal Castle. Follows toll road (free to cyclists) through the Royal Cinque Ports Golf Club to the town of Sandwich. In Sandwich the route links with Regional route 15.

Dover town centre is cycle friendly: There are dedicated cycle lanes along the seafront and cycle routes through the town's pedestrianised High Street area.

The Port of Dover is a 20-minute walk from Dover Priory railway station.

The port offers crossings to both Calais (DFDS, P&O and Irish Ferries) and Dunkerque (DFDS). The Dover to Dunkirk ferry route was originally operated by ferry operator Norfolkline. This company was later acquired by the pan European operator DFDS Seaways in July 2010.{{cite web |url=http://www.dfdsgroup.com/news/2010/20100712-3/ |title=DFDS Seaways acquires Norfolkline |publisher=DFDS Seaways |access-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216184816/http://www.dfdsgroup.com/news/2010/20100712-3/ |archive-date=16 December 2013 |url-status=dead }} The crossing time is approximately two hours.{{cite web |url=http://www.aferry.co.uk/norfolkline-ferry-uk.htm |title=Norfolk Line Ferries | Book Norfolk Line Ferries | Timetable, Offers, Reviews & Routes |website=AFerry.co.uk |access-date=26 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414090934/http://www.aferry.co.uk/norfolkline-ferry-uk.htm |archive-date=14 April 2013 |url-status=live }} The location of Dunkirk is also more convenient for those travelling by road transport on to countries in Northern Europe including Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and further afield.

Stagecoach in East Kent provide local bus services. Dover is on the Stagecoach Diamond network providing links to Canterbury and Deal. The Western Docks at the port of Dover are served from the town centre as well as Canterbury and Deal. Dover is the start of The Wave network to New Romney via Folkestone, Hythe and Dymchurch. There are services to Lydd via Lydd Airport, and links to Sandwich.

National Express runs coaches from Dover to other towns in Kent including Canterbury, Folkestone, Ashford, Kent, Maidstone, Gillingham at Hempsted Valley shopping centre and Greenhithe at Bluewater Shopping Centre for Dartford to London including Bexleyheath, Eltham, Walworth, Canary Wharf, Elephant & Castle, the City of London and to Victoria Coach Station.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The Dover lifeboat is a Severn class lifeboat based in the Western Docks.{{cite web |url=http://www.dover-lifeboat.org.uk |title=The Dover lifeboat |publisher=The Dover lifeboat |date=7 August 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906012253/http://www.dover-lifeboat.org.uk/ |archive-date=6 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}

Dover Lifeboat station is based at crosswall quay in Dover Harbour. There is a Severn-class lifeboat, which is the biggest in the fleet. It belongs to the RNLI which covers all of Great Britain. The lifeboat number is 17–09 and has a lot of emergencies in the Channel. The Severn class is designed to lay afloat. Built from fibre reinforced composite (FRC) the boat is lightweight yet very strong and is designed to right itself in the event of a capsize.

{{Further|List of schools in Kent}}

There are seven secondary level schools serving Dover.

Public schools

• Dover College

Dover College is a mixed public school founded in 1871 by a group of local business men.{{cite web |url=http://dovercollege.org.uk |title=Dover College |publisher=Dover College |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222151738/http://www.dovercollege.org.uk/ |archive-date=22 December 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

Selective secondary schools

There are two single-sex grammar schools and a mixed military school in Dover.

• Dover Grammar School for Boys (DGSB)
• Dover Grammar School for Girls (DGGS)

Both grammar schools require the Dover Test or the Kent Test for admission to Year 7.

• Duke of York's Royal Military School

Duke of York's Royal Military School is a selective secondary school with academy status and England's only military boarding school for children of service personnel (co-education ages 11–18), located next to the former site of Connaught Barracks.

Non-selective secondary schools

There are 3 ex-secondary modern mixed schools in Dover, all with academy status.

• Astor Secondary School

Astor Secondary School federated with St Radigunds Primary School (then renamed White Cliffs Primary College for the Arts) to form the Dover Federation for the Arts (DFA). Subsequently, Barton Junior School and Shatterlocks Nursery and Infant School joined the DFA. In 2014, the DFA was warned by the Department for Education about "unacceptably low standards of performance of pupils ".{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pre-warning-notice-to-astor-college|title=Academy trusts: notices about poor performance|website=Gov.uk|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209083303/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pre-warning-notice-to-astor-college|archive-date=9 December 2015|url-status=live}}

• St Edmund's Catholic School

St Edmund's Catholic School federated with St Richards Catholic Primary School to form the Dover Federation of Catholic Schools.

• Dover Christ Church Academy

Dover Christ Church Academy is located in Whitfield, 4 miles north of Dover.

Technical College

Dover Technical College is part of the East Kent College (EKC) group.

In addition, 16 primary schools and two special schools add to the educational offering.

Dover has one hospital, Buckland Hospital.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/ServiceDirectories/Pages/Hospital.aspx?id=RXYAR |title=Hospital – Buckland Hospital General Information |access-date=12 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024223057/http://www.nhs.uk/ServiceDirectories/Pages/Hospital.aspx?id=RXYAR |archive-date=24 October 2007 |url-status=dead }} Earlier hospitals included the Royal Victoria Hospital, the Isolation Hospital and the Eye Hospital.

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV Meridian. Television signals are received from the nearby Dover TV transmitter situated south of the town{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Dover|title= Full Freeview on the Dover (Kent, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=23 February 2024}} and a local relay transmitter in the centre of Dover.{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Dover_Town|title= Freeview Light on the Dover Town (Kent, England) transmitter

|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=23 February 2024}}

Dover was the home to television studios and production offices of Southern Television Ltd, the company which operated the ITV franchise for South and South East England from 1958 to 1981. The studios were located on Russell Street and were home to programmes like 'Scene South East', 'Scene Midweek', 'Southern News', 'Farm Progress' and the nightly epilogue, 'Guideline'. The studios were operated by TVS in 1982 and home to 'Coast to Coast', however they closed a year later when the company moved their operations to the newly complete Television Centre in Maidstone.

Dover has two paid for newspapers, the Dover Express (published by Kent Regional News and Media) and the Dover Mercury (published by the KM Group). Free newspapers for the town previously included the Dover and Deal Extra, part of the KM Group; and yourdover, part of KOS Media.

Dover has one local commercial radio station, KMFM Shepway and White Cliffs Country, broadcasting to Dover on 106.8FM. The station was founded in Dover as Neptune Radio in September 1997 but moved to Folkestone in 2003 and was consequently rebranded after a takeover by the KM Group. Dover is also served by the county-wide stations Heart South, Gold and BBC Radio Kent.

The Gateway Hospital Broadcasting Service, in Buckland Hospital radio, closed at the end of 2006. It was the oldest hospital radio station in East Kent being founded in 1968.[http://blog.nhskent.net/blog/_archives/2006/12/5/2552205.html]{{Dead link|date=July 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}

DCR 104.9FM (Dover Community Radio) started broadcasting on 104.9FM in May 2022 and is Dover and White Cliffs Country's community radio station. The online station of the same name launched on 30 July 2011 offering local programmes, music and news for Dover and district. Prior to this DCR was an online podcasting service since 2010. .{{cite web |url=http://www.dovercommunityradio.co.uk |title=Dover Community Radio Website |website=Dovercommunityradio.co.uk |date=31 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823082448/http://www.dovercommunityradio.co.uk/ |archive-date=23 August 2011 |url-status=live }} Dover Community Radio was awarded a community radio licence by OFCOM on 12 May 2020.{{Cite web |url=https://radiotoday.co.uk/2020/05/six-new-community-radio-licences-awarded-by-ofcom/ |title=Radio Today – 6 New Community Radio Licences Awarded by OFCOM |date=12 May 2020 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517124703/https://radiotoday.co.uk/2020/05/six-new-community-radio-licences-awarded-by-ofcom/ |url-status=live }}

As of November 2021, BFBS Gurkha Radio has been broadcasting on 90.8FM in Dover and can be picked up within 1 mile of its transmission site at the Dover Community Centre located at Burgoyne Heights. This is part of a trial broadcast of small scale FM services by OFCOM due to end in September 2022 but it maybe extended to serve the Gurkha community living at Burgoyne Heights.

File:Dover Castle (Castle Street).JPG seen from Castle Street.]]

There are three museums: the main Dover Museum,{{cite web |url=http://www.dover.gov.uk/museum/ |title=Dover Museum website |website=Dover.gov.uk |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316101136/http://www.dover.gov.uk/museum/ |archive-date=16 March 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} the Dover Transport Museum{{cite web|title=Dover Transport Museum|url=http://www.whitecliffscountry.org.uk/See-Do/Attractions/Museums/Dover-Transport-Museum.aspx|website=White Cliffs County|publisher=Dover District Council|access-date=23 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908231127/http://www.whitecliffscountry.org.uk/See-Do/Attractions/Museums/Dover-Transport-Museum.aspx|archive-date=8 September 2015|url-status=dead}} and the Roman Painted House.{{cite web |url=http://www.theromanpaintedhouse.co.uk/ |title=The Roman Painted House, Dover- Homepage |website=Theromanpaintedhouse.co.uk |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106000037/http://www.theromanpaintedhouse.co.uk/ |archive-date=6 November 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} The town has two cinemas, the Silver Screen Cinema{{Cite web |url=https://www.silverscreendover.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227055236/http://www.silverscreendover.com/ |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }} located at the Dover Museum and the Cineworld Cinema opened in 2018 as part of the St James' Retail and Leisure complex. A former cinema King's Hall, dating from 1911 and now a bingo club, is in Biggin Street.[https://cinematreasures.org/theaters/35681 "Gaumont Dover"] Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 13 February 2025.

The Discovery Centre located off the Market Square houses Dover's library, Dover Museum, Silver Screen Cinema, the Roundhouse Community Theatre as well as adult education facilities.{{cite web|url=https://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/about-us/where-to-find-us/dover.aspx|title=Dover Centre|website=Kent Adult Education|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042705/https://www.kentadulteducation.co.uk/about-us/where-to-find-us/dover.aspx|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=dead}} The Charlton Shopping Centre{{cite web|url=https://charltoncentre.co.uk/|title=Home|website=Charlton Centre|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042716/https://charltoncentre.co.uk/|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=dead}} off the High Street has retail units, the Dover Local community hub, leisure facilities and the studios of Dover Community Radio.{{cite web|url=http://www.dcrfm.co.uk/|title=DCR Local Radio for Dover, Deal, Sandwich and the surrounding areas.|website=Dcrfm.co.uk|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042702/http://www.dcrfm.co.uk/|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=dead}}

The White Cliffs Theatre opened in 2001{{cite web|url=https://www.list.co.uk/place/90426-the-white-cliffs-theatre-dover/|title=The White Cliffs Theatre (Astor Avenue, Dover)|website=List.co.uk|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042743/https://www.list.co.uk/place/90426-the-white-cliffs-theatre-dover/|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=dead}} is based at Astor College.{{cite web|url=http://www.astor-college.co.uk/|title=Welcome to Astor College|website=Astor-college.co.uk|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427234942/http://www.astor-college.co.uk/|archive-date=27 April 2019|url-status=dead}} There is also a community theatre based at St Edmund's Catholic School{{cite web|url=http://www.st-edmunds.com/topic/about-us|title=About Us – St Edmund's Catholic School|website=St-edmunds.com|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190504165435/http://www.st-edmunds.com/topic/about-us|archive-date=4 May 2019|url-status=dead}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom}}

Dover is twinned with:

• Calais, France{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]|access-date=20 July 2013|archive-date=5 July 2013|work=Archant Community Media Ltd}}
• Huber Heights, Ohio, United States
• Split, Croatia{{cite web|url= http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|title=Gradovi prijatelji Splita|access-date=19 December 2013|work=Grad Split [Split Official City Website]|language=hr|trans-title=Split Twin Towns|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324035937/http://www.split.hr/Default.aspx?sec=526|archive-date=24 March 2012}}
• Dover, Christ Church, Barbados

Dover District Leisure Centre operated by Places Leisure{{cite web|url=https://www.placesleisure.org/centres/dover-district-leisure-centre/|title=Dover District Leisure Centre – Places Leisure|website=Placesleisure.org|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730034820/https://www.placesleisure.org/centres/dover-district-leisure-centre/|url-status=live}} located in Whitfield opened in March 2019 replacing the previous facility on Townwall Street, which was operated by Your Leisure, a not for profit charitable trust,{{cite web |url=http://www.vistaleisure.com/dover-home.aspx |title=Dover Leisure Centre |website=Vistaleisure.com |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717222111/http://www.vistaleisure.com/dover-home.aspx |archive-date=17 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} which caters for sports and includes a swimming pool.

There are sports clubs, among them Dover Athletic F.C., who play in the Isthmian League; rugby; swimming; water polo and netball (Dover and District Netball League).{{cite web |url=http://doveranddistrictnetballleague.co.uk |title=Netaball league |website=Doveranddistrictnetballleague.co.uk |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820223124/http://www.doveranddistrictnetballleague.co.uk/ |archive-date=20 August 2011 |url-status=live }}

Dover Rowing Club is the oldest coastal rowing club in Britain and has a rich history, at one time becoming the best club on the south coast. More information can be found on the history page of the club's website.{{cite web|url=https://doverrowingclub.co.uk/history/|title=Club History – Dover Rowing Club|website=Doverrowingclub.co.uk|access-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902142349/https://doverrowingclub.co.uk/history/|archive-date=2 September 2018|url-status=live}}

One event which gets media attention is that of swimming the English Channel.{{cite web |author=Whyte Studio |url=http://www.dover.uk.com/channelswimming |title=Channel Swimming |website=Dover.uk.com |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906021126/http://www.dover.uk.com/channelswimming/ |archive-date=6 September 2011 |url-status=live }}

Sea fishing, from the beach, pier or out at sea, is carried out here.{{cite web |url=http://www.doverpages.co.uk/sea_fishing_dover/sea_fishing_dover.htm |title=Sea Fishing |website=Doverpages.co.uk |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929041130/http://www.doverpages.co.uk/sea_fishing_dover/sea_fishing_dover.htm |archive-date=29 September 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} The so-called Dover sole (solea solea) is found all over European waters.

Dover is now the host of a variety of watersports; such as paddle-boarding and kayaking.

{{Further|List of people from Dover}}

• M.R. James located part of his 1911 ghost story "Casting the Runes", from More Ghost Stories, in the town's Lord Warden Hotel
• Matthew Arnold used the setting of Dover in his 19th-century poem, Dover Beach.
• Dover features several times in A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.
• Russell Hoban repurposed Dover as "Do It Over" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel Riddley Walker. Wye became "How"; Canterbury, "Cambry", and Ashford, "Bernt Arse".{{Cite web|url=http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|title=Places – Riddley Walker Annotations|website=Errorbar|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025537/http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|url-status=live}}

• "(There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover" by Vera Lynn, recorded in 1942.
• "Cliffs of Dover" is an instrumental rock composition by the American guitarist, singer and songwriter Eric Johnson, released on his 1990 studio album Ah Via Musicom.
• "Clover Over Dover" by British band Blur is track 12 on their 1994 album Parklife.
• "Calais to Dover" by American band Bright Eyes is track 13 on their 2020 album Down in the Weeds, Where the World Once Was.
• "Dover Beach" by Baby Queen is on her 2021 album The Yearbook. She wrote the song following a visit to Dover, taking inspiration from Matthew Arnold's poem of the same name. Queen filmed an accompanying music video at Samphire Hoe.

• Strait of Dover

{{notelist}}

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{Cite book |title=The history of the castle, town, and port of Dover

|last= Statham

|first = S.P.H.

|publisher = Longmans Green & Co.

|location=London

|year=1899

|pages = 462 p}}

• {{Cite book

| last = Foot

| first = William

| title = Beaches, fields, streets, and hills ...: the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940

| publisher = Council for British Archaeology

| location = York

| series = CBA research report 144

| year = 2006

| isbn = 1-902771-53-2

}}

{{Commons}}

{{Wikivoyage|Dover (England)|Dover}}

• [http://www.visitmyharbour.com/harbours/channel-east/dover-marina/charts.asp?cattype=5 UKHO nautical charts of Dover and approaches]
• [http://www.doverwarmemorialproject.org.uk/ The Dover War Memorial Project]
• {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Dover (Kent)|display=Dover. A Parliamentary and municipal borough of Kent, England|short=x}}
• {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Dover (England)|short=x}}

{{5 Ports}}{{Dover}}

{{Kent}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Towns in Kent

Category:Cinque ports

Category:Populated coastal places in Kent

Category:Dover District

Category:Market towns in Kent

Category:France–United Kingdom border crossings

Category:Beaches of Kent

Category:Civil parishes in Kent

Category:Port cities and towns in South East England