:Isotopes of hassium

{{Anchor|Hassium-263m|Hassium-274|Hassium-276|Hassium-278|Hassium-279|Hassium-280}}

{{Isotopes table

|symbol=Hs

|refs=AME2020 II

|notes=m, unc(), mass#, spin#, SF

}}

|-id=Hassium-263

| ²⁶³Hs

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 155

| 263.12848(21)#

| 760(40) μs

| α

| ²⁵⁹Sg

| 3/2+#

|-id=Hassium-264

| rowspan=2|²⁶⁴Hs{{cite journal |last1=Kondev |first1=F. G. |last2=Wang |first2=M. |last3=Huang |first3=W. J. |last4=Naimi |first4=S. |last5=Audi |first5=G. |title=The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties * |journal=Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics |date=1 March 2021 |volume=45 |issue=3 |page=030001 |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/abddae |bibcode=2021ChPhC..45c0001K |osti=1774641 |language=English |issn=1674-1137|doi-access=free }}

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 156

| rowspan=2|264.12836(3)

| rowspan=2|0.7(3) ms

| α (70%)

| ²⁶⁰Sg

| rowspan=2|0+

|-

| SF (30%)

| (various)

|-id=Hassium-265

| ²⁶⁵Hs{{cite journal |last1=Kondev |first1=F. G. |last2=Wang |first2=M. |last3=Huang |first3=W. J. |last4=Naimi |first4=S. |last5=Audi |first5=G. |title=The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear physics properties * |journal=Chinese Physics C, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics |date=1 March 2021 |volume=45 |issue=3 |page=030001 |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/abddae |bibcode=2021ChPhC..45c0001K |osti=1774641 |language=English |issn=1674-1137|doi-access=free }}

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 157

| 265.129792(26)

| 1.96(16) ms

| α

| ²⁶¹Sg

| 9/2+#

|-id=Hassium-265m

| style="text-indent:.3em" | ^265mHs

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 229(22) keV

| 360(150) μs

| α

| ²⁶¹Sg

| 3/2+#

|-id=Hassium-266

| rowspan=2|²⁶⁶HsNot directly synthesized, occurs as decay product of ²⁷⁰Ds{{cite book |last1=Ackermann |first1=Dieter |title=Proceedings of 50th International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics — PoS(Bormio2012) |chapter=270Ds and its decay products – K-isomers, α-sf competition and masses |date=23–27 January 2012 |page=030 |doi=10.22323/1.160.0030 |chapter-url=https://pos.sissa.it/160/030/pdf |access-date=1 July 2023 |doi-access=free }}

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 158

| rowspan=2| 266.130049(29)

| rowspan=2|{{val|2.97|0.78|0.51|u=ms}}

| α (76%)

| ²⁶²Sg

| rowspan=2|0+

|-

| SF (24%)

| (various)

|-id=Hassium-266m

| style="text-indent:.3em" | ^266mHs

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1100(70) keV

| 280(220) ms
[{{val|74|354|34|u=ms}}]

| α

| ²⁶²Sg

| 9-#

|-id=Hassium-267

| ²⁶⁷Hs

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 159

| 267.13168(10)#

| 55(11) ms

| α

| ²⁶³Sg

| 5/2+#

|-id=Hassium-267m

| style="text-indent:.3em" | ^267mHsExistence of this isomer is unconfirmed

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 39(24) keV

| 990(90) μs

| α

| ²⁶³Sg

|

|-id=Hassium-268

| ²⁶⁸Hs

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 160

| 268.13201(32)#

| 1.42(1.13) s
[{{val|0.38|1.8|0.17|u=s}}]

| α

| ²⁶⁴Sg

| 0+

|-id=Hassium-269

| ²⁶⁹Hs

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 161

| 269.13365(14)#

| {{val|13|10|4|u=s}}

| α

| ²⁶⁵Sg

| 9/2+#

|-id=Hassium-269m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^269mHs

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20 keV#

| rowspan=2|{{val|2.8|13.6|1.3|u=s}}

| α

| ^265mSg

| rowspan=2|1/2#

|-

| IT

| ²⁶⁹Hs

|-id=Hassium-270

| rowspan=2|²⁷⁰Hs{{cite journal |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. K. |last3=Abdullin |first3=F. Sh. |last4=Dmitriev |first4=S. N. |last5=Graeger |first5=R. |last6=Henderson |first6=R. A. |last7=Itkis |first7=M. G. |last8=Lobanov |first8=Yu. V. |last9=Mezentsev |first9=A. N. |last10=Moody |first10=K. J. |last11=Nelson |first11=S. L. |last12=Polyakov |first12=A. N. |last13=Ryabinin |first13=M. A. |last14=Sagaidak |first14=R. N. |last15=Shaughnessy |first15=D. A. |last16=Shirokovsky |first16=I. V. |last17=Stoyer |first17=M. A. |last18=Stoyer |first18=N. J. |last19=Subbotin |first19=V. G. |last20=Subotic |first20=K. |last21=Sukhov |first21=A. M. |last22=Tsyganov |first22=Yu. S. |last23=Türler |first23=A. |last24=Voinov |first24=A. A. |last25=Vostokin |first25=G. K. |last26=Wilk |first26=P. A. |last27=Yakushev |first27=A. |title=Synthesis and study of decay properties of the doubly magic nucleus 270Hs in the 226Ra + 48Ca reaction |journal=Physical Review C |date=5 March 2013 |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=034605 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.87.034605 |bibcode=2013PhRvC..87c4605O |doi-access=free }}

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 162

| rowspan=2|270.13431(27)#

| rowspan=2|{{val|7.6|4.9|2.2|u=s}}

| α

| ²⁶⁶Sg

| rowspan=2|0+

|-

| SF (<50%)

| (various)

|-id=Hassium-271

| ²⁷¹Hs

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 163

| 271.13708(30)#

| {{val|46|56|16|u=s}}{{cite journal |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. K. |last3=Shumeiko |first3=M. V. |last4=Abdullin |first4=F. Sh. |last5=Adamian |first5=G. G. |last6=Dmitriev |first6=S. N. |last7=Ibadullayev |first7=D. |last8=Itkis |first8=M. G. |last9=Kovrizhnykh |first9=N. D. |last10=Kuznetsov |first10=D. A. |last11=Petrushkin |first11=O. V. |last12=Podshibiakin |first12=A. V. |last13=Polyakov |first13=A. N. |last14=Popeko |first14=A. G. |last15=Rogov |first15=I. S. |last16=Sagaidak |first16=R. N. |last17=Schlattauer |first17=L. |last18=Shubin |first18=V. D. |last19=Solovyev |first19=D. I. |last20=Tsyganov |first20=Yu. S. |last21=Voinov |first21=A. A. |last22=Subbotin |first22=V. G. |last23=Bublikova |first23=N. S. |last24=Voronyuk |first24=M. G. |last25=Sabelnikov |first25=A. V. |last26=Bodrov |first26=A. Yu. |last27=Aksenov |first27=N. V. |last28=Khalkin |first28=A. V. |last29=Gan |first29=Z. G. |last30=Zhang |first30=Z. Y. |last31=Huang |first31=M. H. |last32=Yang |first32=H. B. |display-authors=3 |title=Synthesis and decay properties of isotopes of element 110: Ds 273 and Ds 275 |journal=Physical Review C |date=6 May 2024 |volume=109 |issue=5 |page=054307 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.109.054307 |url=https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.109.054307 |access-date=11 May 2024 |language=en |issn=2469-9985}}

| α

| ²⁶⁷Sg

| 11/2#

|-id=Hassium-271m

| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^271mHs

| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20 keV#

| rowspan=2|{{val|7.1|8.4|2.5|u=s}}

| α

| ^267mSg

| rowspan=2|3/2#

|-

| IT

| ²⁷¹Hs

|-id=Hassium-272

| ²⁷²HsNot directly synthesized, occurs in decay chain of ²⁷⁶Ds{{cite journal |title=New isotope ²⁷⁶Ds and its decay products ²⁷²Hs and ²⁶⁸Sg from the ²³²Th + ⁴⁸Ca reaction |last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu. Ts. |last2=Utyonkov |first2=V. K. |last3=Shumeiko |first3=M. V. |display-authors=et al. |date=2023 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=108 |number=24611 |page=024611 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.108.024611|bibcode=2023PhRvC.108b4611O |s2cid=261170871 }}

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 164

| 272.13849(55)#

| {{val|160|190|60|u=ms}}

| α

| ²⁶⁸Sg

| 0+

|-id=Hassium-273

| ²⁷³HsNot directly synthesized, occurs in decay chain of ²⁸⁵Fl

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 165

| 273.14146(40)#

| {{val|510|300|140|u=ms}}{{cite journal |last1=Utyonkov |first1=V. K. |last2=Brewer |first2=N. T. |first3=Yu. Ts. |last3=Oganessian |first4=K. P. |last4=Rykaczewski |first5=F. Sh. |last5=Abdullin |first6=S. N. |last6=Dimitriev |first7=R. K. |last7=Grzywacz |first8=M. G. |last8=Itkis |first9=K. |last9=Miernik |first10=A. N. |last10=Polyakov |first11=J. B. |last11=Roberto |first12=R. N. |last12=Sagaidak |first13=I. V. |last13=Shirokovsky |first14=M. V. |last14=Shumeiko |first15=Yu. S. |last15=Tsyganov |first16=A. A. |last16=Voinov |first17=V. G. |last17=Subbotin |first18=A. M. |last18=Sukhov |first19=A. V. |last19=Karpov |first20=A. G. |last20=Popeko |first21=A. V. |last21=Sabel'nikov |first22=A. I. |last22=Svirikhin |first23=G. K. |last23=Vostokin |first24=J. H. |last24=Hamilton |first25=N. D. |last25=Kovrinzhykh |first26=L. |last26=Schlattauer |first27=M. A. |last27=Stoyer |first28=Z. |last28=Gan |first29=W. X. |last29=Huang |first30=L. |last30=Ma |date=30 January 2018 |title=Neutron-deficient superheavy nuclei obtained in the ²⁴⁰Pu+⁴⁸Ca reaction |journal=Physical Review C |volume=97 |issue=14320 |pages=014320 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.97.014320|bibcode=2018PhRvC..97a4320U |doi-access=free }}

| α

| ²⁶⁹Sg

| 3/2+#

|-id=Hassium-275

| rowspan=2|²⁷⁵HsNot directly synthesized, occurs in decay chain of ²⁸⁷Fl{{cite journal |title=Investigation of ⁴⁸Ca-induced reactions with ²⁴²Pu and ²³⁸U targets at the JINR Superheavy Element Factory |journal=Physical Review C |volume=106 |number=24612 |year=2022 |first1=Yu. Ts. |last1=Oganessian |first2=V. K. |last2=Utyonkov |first3=D. |last3=Ibadullayev |page=024612 |display-authors=et al. |doi= 10.1103/PhysRevC.106.024612|bibcode=2022PhRvC.106b4612O |osti=1883808 |s2cid=251759318 }}

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 108

| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 167

| rowspan=2|275.14653(64)#

| rowspan=2|{{val|600|230|130|u=ms}}

| α

| ²⁷¹Sg

| rowspan=2|

|-

| SF (<11%)

| (various)

|-id=Hassium-277

| ²⁷⁷HsNot directly synthesized, occurs in decay chain of ²⁸⁹Fl

| style="text-align:right" | 108

| style="text-align:right" | 169

| 277.15177(48)#

| {{val|18|25|7|u=ms}}{{cite journal |last1=Cox |first1=D. M. |last2=Såmark-Roth |first2=A. |last3=Rudolph |first3=D. |last4=Sarmiento |first4=L. G. |last5=Clark |first5=R. M. |last6=Egido |first6=J. L. |last7=Golubev |first7=P. |last8=Heery |first8=J. |last9=Yakushev |first9=A. |last10=Åberg |first10=S. |last11=Albers |first11=H. M. |last12=Albertsson |first12=M. |last13=Block |first13=M. |last14=Brand |first14=H. |last15=Calverley |first15=T. |last16=Cantemir |first16=R. |last17=Carlsson |first17=B. G. |last18=Düllmann |first18=Ch. E. |last19=Eberth |first19=J. |last20=Fahlander |first20=C. |last21=Forsberg |first21=U. |last22=Gates |first22=J. M. |last23=Giacoppo |first23=F. |last24=Götz |first24=M. |last25=Götz |first25=S. |last26=Herzberg |first26=R.-D. |last27=Hrabar |first27=Y. |last28=Jäger |first28=E. |last29=Judson |first29=D. |last30=Khuyagbaatar |first30=J. |last31=Kindler |first31=B. |last32=Kojouharov |first32=I. |last33=Kratz |first33=J. V. |last34=Krier |first34=J. |last35=Kurz |first35=N. |last36=Lens |first36=L. |last37=Ljungberg |first37=J. |last38=Lommel |first38=B. |last39=Louko |first39=J. |last40=Meyer |first40=C.-C. |last41=Mistry |first41=A. |last42=Mokry |first42=C. |last43=Papadakis |first43=P. |last44=Parr |first44=E. |last45=Pore |first45=J. L. |last46=Ragnarsson |first46=I. |last47=Runke |first47=J. |last48=Schädel |first48=M. |last49=Schaffner |first49=H. |last50=Schausten |first50=B. |last51=Shaughnessy |first51=D. A. |last52=Thörle-Pospiech |first52=P. |last53=Trautmann |first53=N. |last54=Uusitalo |first54=J. |title=Spectroscopy along flerovium decay chains. II. Fine structure in odd-A 289Fl |journal=Physical Review C |date=6 February 2023 |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=L021301 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.107.L021301 |bibcode=2023PhRvC.107b1301C |doi-access=free }}

| SF

| (various)

| 3/2+#

|-id=Hassium-277m

| style="text-indent:.3em" | ^277mHs{{NUBASE2020|ref}}

| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100) keV#

| 130(100) s

| SF

| (various)

|

{{Isotopes table/footer}}

Superheavy elements such as hassium are produced by bombarding lighter elements in particle accelerators that induce fusion reactions. Whereas most of the isotopes of hassium can be synthesized directly this way, some heavier ones have only been observed as decay products of elements with higher atomic numbers.{{Cite journal |first1=Peter |last1=Armbruster |name-list-style=amp|first2=Gottfried|last2=Münzenberg |title=Creating superheavy elements |journal=Scientific American |volume=34 |pages=36–42 |year=1989}}

Depending on the energies involved, the former are separated into "hot" and "cold". In hot fusion reactions, very light, high-energy projectiles are accelerated toward very heavy targets (actinides), giving rise to compound nuclei at high excitation energy (~40–50 MeV) that may either fission or evaporate several (3 to 5) neutrons.{{cite journal |last1=Barber |first1=Robert C. |last2=Gäggeler |first2=Heinz W. |last3=Karol |first3=Paul J. |last4=Nakahara |first4=Hiromichi |last5=Vardaci |first5=Emanuele |last6=Vogt |first6=Erich |title=Discovery of the element with atomic number 112 (IUPAC Technical Report) |journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry |volume=81 |issue=7 |page=1331 |year=2009 |doi=10.1351/PAC-REP-08-03-05|doi-access=free }} In cold fusion reactions, the produced fused nuclei have a relatively low excitation energy (~10–20 MeV), which decreases the probability that these products will undergo fission reactions. As the fused nuclei cool to the ground state, they require emission of only one or two neutrons, and thus, allows for the generation of more neutron-rich products. The latter is a distinct concept from that of where nuclear fusion claimed to be achieved at room temperature conditions (see cold fusion).{{cite journal |last1=Fleischmann |first1=Martin |last2=Pons |first2=Stanley |year=1989 |title=Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium |journal=Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry |volume=261 |issue=2 |pages=301–308 |doi=10.1016/0022-0728(89)80006-3}}

Before the first successful synthesis of hassium in 1984 by the GSI team, scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia also tried to synthesize hassium by bombarding lead-208 with iron-58 in 1978. No hassium atoms were identified. They repeated the experiment in 1984 and were able to detect a spontaneous fission activity assigned to ²⁶⁰Sg, the daughter of ²⁶⁴Hs.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01415635|title=On the stability of the nuclei of element 108 with A=263–265|year=1984|last1=Oganessian |first1=Yu Ts|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik A|volume=319|pages=215–217|last2=Demin|first2=A. G.|last3=Hussonnois|first3=M.|last4=Tretyakova|first4=S. P.|last5=Kharitonov|first5=Yu P.|last6=Utyonkov|first6=V. K.|last7=Shirokovsky|first7=I. V.|last8=Constantinescu|first8=O.|last9=Bruchertseifer|first9=H.|last10=Korotkin|first10=Yu S.|bibcode = 1984ZPhyA.319..215O|issue=2 |s2cid = 123170572|display-authors=8}} Later that year, they tried the experiment again, and tried to chemically identify the decay products of hassium to provide support to their synthesis of element 108. They were able to detect several alpha decays of ²⁵³Es and ²⁵³Fm, decay products of ²⁶⁵Hs.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1351/pac199365081757|title=Discovery of the transfermium elements. Part II: Introduction to discovery profiles. Part III: Discovery profiles of the transfermium elements (Note: for Part I see Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 879–886, 1991)|year=1993|last1=Barber |first1=R. C.|journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry|volume=65|pages=1757|last2=Greenwood|first2=N. N.|last3=Hrynkiewicz|first3=A. Z.|last4=Jeannin|first4=Y. P.|last5=Lefort|first5=M.|last6=Sakai|first6=M.|last7=Ulehla|first7=I.|last8=Wapstra|first8=A. P.|last9=Wilkinson|first9=D. H.|issue=8|s2cid=195819585|doi-access=free}}

In the official discovery of the element in 1984, the team at GSI studied the same reaction using the alpha decay genetic correlation method and were able to positively identify 3 atoms of ²⁶⁵Hs.{{cite journal |last1=Münzenberg |first1=G. |last2=Armbruster |first2=P. |last3=Folger |first3=H. |last4=Heßberger |first4=F. P. |last5=Hofmann |first5=S. |last6=Keller |first6=J. |last7=Poppensieker |first7=K. |last8=Reisdorf |first8=W. |last9=Schmidt |first9=K.-H. |last10=Schött |first10=H. -J. |last11=Leino |first11=M. E. |last12=Hingmann |first12=R. |year=1984 |title=The identification of element 108 |journal=Zeitschrift für Physik A |volume=317 |issue=2 |pages=235–236 |doi=10.1007/BF01421260 |bibcode = 1984ZPhyA.317..235M |s2cid=123288075 |display-authors=8 }} After an upgrade of their facilities in 1993, the team repeated the experiment in 1994 and detected 75 atoms of ²⁶⁵Hs and 2 atoms of ²⁶⁴Hs, during the measurement of a partial excitation function for the 1n neutron evaporation channel.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1088/0034-4885/61/6/002|year=1998|last=Hofmann |first=S. |journal=Reports on Progress in Physics|volume=61|pages=639–689|bibcode = 1998RPPh...61..639H|title=New elements – approaching|issue=6 |s2cid=250756383 }} A further run of the reaction was conducted in late 1997 in which a further 20 atoms were detected.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/s002180050343|title=Excitation function for the production of 265 108 and 266 109|year=1997|last1=Hofmann |first1=S.| journal=Zeitschrift für Physik A|volume=358|pages=377–378|last2=Heßberger|first2=F.P.|last3=Ninov|first3=V.|last4=Armbruster|first4=P.|last5=Münzenberg|first5=G.|last6=Stodel|first6=C.|last7=Popeko|first7=A.G.|last8=Yeremin|first8=A.V.|last9=Saro|first9=S.|last10=Leino|first10=M.|bibcode = 1997ZPhyA.358..377H|issue=4 |s2cid=124304673|display-authors=8}} This discovery experiment was successfully repeated in 2002 at RIKEN (10 atoms) and in 2003 at GANIL (7 atoms). The team at RIKEN further studied the reaction in 2008 in order to conduct the first spectroscopic studies of the even-even nucleus ²⁶⁴Hs. They were also able to detect a further 29 atoms of ²⁶⁵Hs.

The team at Dubna also conducted the analogous reaction with a lead-207 target instead of a lead-208 target in 1984:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|lead|207}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|iron|58}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|hassium|264}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|neutron}}

They were able to detect the same spontaneous fission activity as observed in the reaction with a lead-208 target and once again assigned it to ²⁶⁰Sg, daughter of ²⁶⁴Hs. The team at GSI first studied the reaction in 1986 using the method of genetic correlation of alpha decays and identified a single atom of ²⁶⁴Hs with a cross section of 3.2 pb.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01290935|title=Evidence for264108, the heaviest known even-even isotope|year=1986|last1=Münzenberg |first1=G.|journal=Zeitschrift für Physik A|volume=324|pages=489–490|last2=Armbruster|first2=P.|last3=Berthes|first3=G.|last4=Folger|first4=H.|last5=Heßberger|first5=F. P.|last6=Hofmann|first6=S.|last7=Poppensieker|first7=K.|last8=Reisdorf|first8=W.|last9=Quint|first9=B.|last10=Schmidt|first10=K. -H.|last11=Schött |first11=H. -J. |last12=Sümmerer |first12=K.|last13=Zychor|first13=I.|last14=Leino|first14=M. E.|last15=Gollerthan|first15=U.|last16=Hanelt|first16=E.|bibcode = 1986ZPhyA.324..489M|issue=4 |s2cid=121616566|display-authors=8}} The reaction was repeated in 1994 and the team were able to measure both alpha decay and spontaneous fission for ²⁶⁴Hs. This reaction was also studied in 2008 at RIKEN in order to conduct the first spectroscopic studies of the even-even nucleus ²⁶⁴Hs. The team detected 11 atoms of ²⁶⁴Hs.

In 2008, the team at RIKEN conducted the analogous reaction with a lead-206 target for the first time:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|lead|206}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|iron|58}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|hassium|263}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|neutron}}

They were able to identify 8 atoms of the new isotope ²⁶³Hs.[http://159.93.28.88/linkc/flnr_presentations/Mendeleev%20simposium/Morita.ppt Mendeleev Symposium. Morita] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927212405/http://159.93.28.88/linkc/flnr_presentations/Mendeleev%20simposium/Morita.ppt |date=September 27, 2011 }}

In 2008, the team at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) studied the analogous reaction with iron-56 projectiles for the first time:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|lead|208}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|iron|56}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|hassium|263}} + {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|neutron}}

They were able to produce and identify six atoms of the new isotope ²⁶³Hs.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.79.011602|title=New Isotope ²⁶³108|year=2009 |last1=Dragojević |first1=I. |journal=Physical Review C|volume=79|issue=1|pages=011602|last2=Gregorich|first2=K.|last3=Düllmann|first3=Ch.|last4=Dvorak|first4=J.|last5=Ellison|first5=P.|last6=Gates|first6=J.|last7=Nelson|first7=S.|last8=Stavsetra|first8=L.|last9=Nitsche|first9=H.|bibcode = 2009PhRvC..79a1602D }} A few months later, the RIKEN team also published their results on the same reaction.{{Cite journal|doi=10.1143/JPSJ.78.035003|title=Production and Decay Properties of ²⁶³108|year=2009 |last1=Kaji |first1=Daiya |journal=Journal of the Physical Society of Japan |volume=78 |pages=035003 |last2=Morimoto |first2=Kouji |last3=Sato |first3=Nozomi |last4=Ichikawa |first4=Takatoshi |last5=Ideguchi |first5=Eiji |last6=Ozeki |first6=Kazutaka |last7=Haba |first7=Hiromitsu |last8=Koura |first8=Hiroyuki |last9=Kudou |first9=Yuki |last10=Ozawa |first10=Akira |last11=Sumita |first11=Takayuki |last12=Yamaguchi |first12=Takayuki |last13=Yoneda |first13=Akira |last14=Yoshida |first14=Atsushi |last15=Morita |first15=Kosuke |bibcode = 2009JPSJ...78c5003K |issue=3 |display-authors=8}}

Further attempts to synthesise nuclei of hassium were performed the team at Dubna in 1983 using the cold fusion reaction between a bismuth-209 target and manganese-55 projectiles:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|bismuth|209}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|manganese|55}} → {{nuclide|hassium|264−x}} + x {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}} (x = 1 or 2)

They were able to detect a spontaneous fission activity assigned to ²⁵⁵Rf, a product of the ²⁶³Hs decay chain. Identical results were measured in a repeat run in 1984. In a subsequent experiment in 1983, they applied the method of chemical identification of a descendant to provide support to the synthesis of hassium. They were able to detect alpha decays from fermium isotopes, assigned as descendants of the decay of ²⁶²Hs. This reaction has not been tried since and ²⁶²Hs is currently unconfirmed.

Under the leadership of Yuri Oganessian, the team at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research studied the hot fusion reaction between calcium-48 projectiles and radium-226 targets in 1978:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|radium|226}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|calcium|48}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|hassium|270}} + 4 {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}}

However, results are not available in the literature. The reaction was repeated at the JINR in June 2008 and 4 atoms of the isotope ²⁷⁰Hs were detected.{{cite web |url=http://www1.jinr.ru/Reports/2008/english/06_flnr_e.pdf |title=Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions}}{{page needed|date=October 2015}} In January 2009, the team repeated the experiment and a further 2 atoms of ²⁷⁰Hs were detected.{{cite web |url=http://www.np.ph.bham.ac.uk/iop09/iop_talks/07_04_09_Parallel_2/Y%20Tsyganov.ppt |title=Results of ²²⁶Ra+⁴⁸Ca Experiment |last1=Tsyganov |first1=Yu. |last2=Oganessian |first2=Yu. |last3=Utyonkov |first3=V. |last4=Lobanov |first4=Yu. |last5=Abdullin |first5=F. |last6=Shirokovsky |first6=I. |last7=Polyakov |first7=A. |last8=Subbotin |first8=V. |last9=Sukhov |first9=A. |date=2009-04-07 |access-date=2012-12-25 }}{{dead link|date=July 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [http://www.powershow.com/view1/1ac3df-ODU4Z/Results_of_226Ra_48Ca_Experiment_YuTsyganov_YuOganessian_VUtyonkov_YuLobanov_FAbdullin_IS_powerpoint_ppt_presentation Alt URL]

The team at Dubna studied the reaction between californium-249 targets and neon-22 projectiles in 1983 by detecting spontaneous fission activities:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|californium|249}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|neon|22}} → {{nuclide|hassium|271−x}} + x {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}}

Several short spontaneous fission activities were found, indicating the formation of nuclei of hassium.

The hot fusion reaction between uranium-238 targets and projectiles of the rare and expensive isotope sulfur-36 was conducted at the GSI in April–May 2008:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|uranium|238}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|sulfur|36}} → {{nuclide|link=yes|hassium|270}} + 4 {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}}

Preliminary results show that a single atom of ²⁷⁰Hs was detected. This experiment confirmed the decay properties of the isotopes ²⁷⁰Hs and ²⁶⁶Sg.[http://www.gsi.de/informationen/wti/library/scientificreport2008/PAPERS/NUSTAR-SHE-02.pdf Observation of ²⁷⁰Hs in the complete fusion reaction ³⁶S+²³⁸U*] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303012421/http://www.gsi.de/informationen/wti/library/scientificreport2008/PAPERS/NUSTAR-SHE-02.pdf |date=2012-03-03 }} R. Graeger et al., GSI Report 2008

In March 1994, the team at Dubna led by the late Yuri Lazarev attempted the analogous reaction with sulfur-34 projectiles:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|uranium|238}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|sulfur|34}} → {{nuclide|hassium|272−x}} + x {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}} (x = 4 or 5)

They announced the detection of 3 atoms of ²⁶⁷Hs from the 5n neutron evaporation channel.{{Cite journal|title=New Nuclide ²⁶⁷108 Produced by the ²³⁸U + ³⁴S Reaction|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1903|year=1995|last1=Lazarev |first1=Yu. A. |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=75 |pages=1903–1906 |pmid=10059158 |last2=Lobanov |first2=YV |last3=Oganessian |first3=YT |last4=Tsyganov |first4=YS |last5=Utyonkov |first5=VK |last6=Abdullin |first6=FS |last7=Iliev |first7=S |last8=Polyakov |first8=AN |last9=Rigol |first9=J |last10=Shirokovsky |first10=I. |last11=Subbotin |first11=V. |last12=Sukhov |first12=A. |last13=Buklanov |first13=G. |last14=Gikal |first14=B. |last15=Kutner |first15=V. |last16=Mezentsev |first16=A. |last17=Sedykh |first17=I. |last18=Vakatov |first18=D. |last19=Lougheed |first19=R. |last20=Wild |first20=J. |last21=Moody |first21=K. |last22=Hulet |first22=E. |issue=10 |bibcode=1995PhRvL..75.1903L |display-authors=8|url=https://cds.cern.ch/record/284096/files/SCAN-9507002.pdf }} The decay properties were confirmed by the team at GSI in their simultaneous study of darmstadtium. The reaction was repeated at the GSI in January–February 2009 in order to search for the new isotope ²⁶⁸Hs. The team, led by Prof. Nishio, detected a single atom each of both ²⁶⁸Hs and ²⁶⁷Hs. The new isotope ²⁶⁸Hs underwent alpha decay to the previously known isotope ²⁶⁴Sg.

Between May 2001 and August 2005, a GSI–PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) collaboration studied the nuclear reaction between curium-248 targets and magnesium-26 projectiles:

:{{nuclide|link=yes|curium|248}} + {{nuclide|link=yes|magnesium|26}} → {{nuclide|hassium|274−x}} + x {{SubatomicParticle|link=yes|Neutron}} (x = 3, 4, or 5)

The team studied the excitation function of the 3n, 4n, and 5n evaporation channels leading to the isotopes ²⁶⁹Hs, ²⁷⁰Hs, and ²⁷¹Hs.[http://lch.web.psi.ch/files/anrep01/B-01heavies.pdf "Decay properties of ²⁶⁹Hs and evidence for the new nuclide ²⁷⁰Hs"] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6CGIR6Ekz?url=http://lch.web.psi.ch/files/anrep01/B-01heavies.pdf |date=2012-11-18 }}, Turler et al., GSI Annual Report 2001. Retrieved 2008-03-01.{{cite web |url=http://www2.ha.physik.uni-muenchen.de/heaviest_atoms/talks/Dvorak.pdf |title=On the production and chemical separation of Hs (element 108) |last1=Dvorak |first1=Jan |date=2006-09-25 |publisher=Technical University of Munich |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225155329/http://www2.ha.physik.uni-muenchen.de/heaviest_atoms/talks/Dvorak.pdf |archive-date=2009-02-25 |access-date=2012-12-23}} The synthesis of the doubly magic isotope ²⁷⁰Hs was published in December 2006 by the team of scientists from the Technical University of Munich.[http://www.gsi.de/informationen/wti/library/scientificreport2006/PAPERS/NUSTAR-SHE-06.pdf "Doubly magic ²⁷⁰Hs"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303012501/http://www.gsi.de/informationen/wti/library/scientificreport2006/PAPERS/NUSTAR-SHE-06.pdf |date=2012-03-03 }}, Turler et al., GSI report, 2006. Retrieved 2008-03-01. It was reported that this isotope decayed by emission of an alpha particle with an energy of 8.83 MeV and a half-life of ~22 s. This figure has since been revised to 3.6 s.

Hassium isotopes have been observed as decay products of darmstadtium. Darmstadtium currently has ten known isotopes, all but one of which have been shown to undergo alpha decays to become hassium nuclei with mass numbers between 263 and 277. Hassium isotopes with mass numbers 266, 272, 273, 275, and 277 to date have only been produced by decay of darmstadtium nuclei. Parent darmstadtium nuclei can be themselves decay products of copernicium, flerovium, or livermorium.{{cite web |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=108&n=161 |title=Interactive Chart of Nuclides |publisher=Brookhaven National Laboratory |last=Sonzogni |first=Alejandro |location=National Nuclear Data Center |access-date=2008-06-06 |archive-date=2016-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112161051/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=108&n=161 |url-status=dead }} For example, in 2004, the Dubna team identified hassium-277 as a final product in the decay of livermorium-293 via an alpha decay sequence:

:{{nuclide|livermorium|293}} → {{nuclide|flerovium|289}} + {{nuclide|helium|4}}

:{{nuclide|flerovium|289}} → {{nuclide|copernicium|285}} + {{nuclide|helium|4}}

:{{nuclide|copernicium|285}} → {{nuclide|darmstadtium|281}} + {{nuclide|helium|4}}

:{{nuclide|darmstadtium|281}} → {{nuclide|hassium|277}} + {{nuclide|helium|4}}

{{clear}}

;^277mHs

An isotope assigned to ²⁷⁷Hs has been observed on one occasion decaying by SF with a long half-life of ~11 minutes.{{cite journal |title=Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in ⁴⁸Ca+²⁴⁴Pu interactions |author1=Yu. Ts. Oganessian |author2=V. K. Utyonkov |author3=Yu. V. Lobanov |author4=F. Sh. Abdullin |author5=A. N. Polyakov |author6=I. V. Shirokovsky |author7=Yu. S. Tsyganov |author8=G. G. Gulbekian |author9=S. L. Bogomolov |display-authors=etal |journal=Nuclei Experiment: Physics of Atomic Nuclei |date=October 2000 |volume=63 |issue=10 |pages=1679–1687 |doi=10.1134/1.1320137 |bibcode=2000PAN....63.1679O|s2cid=118044323 }} The isotope is not observed in the decay of the ground state of ²⁸¹Ds but is observed in the decay from a rare, as yet unconfirmed isomeric level, namely ^281mDs. The half-life is very long for the ground state and it is possible that it belongs to an isomeric level in ²⁷⁷Hs. It has also been suggested that this activity actually comes from ²⁷⁸Bh, formed as the great-great-granddaughter of ²⁹⁰Fl through one electron capture to ²⁹⁰Nh and three further alpha decays. Furthermore, in 2009, the team at the GSI observed a small alpha decay branch for ²⁸¹Ds producing the nuclide ²⁷⁷Hs decaying by SF in a short lifetime. The measured half-life is close to the expected value for ground state isomer, ²⁷⁷Hs. Further research is required to confirm the production of the isomer.

;²⁷³Hs

In 1999, American scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, announced that they had succeeded in synthesizing three atoms of ²⁹³118.{{cite journal |last1=Ninov |first1=V. |year=1999 |title=Observation of Superheavy Nuclei Produced in the Reaction of {{SimpleNuclide|Krypton|86}} with {{SimpleNuclide|Lead|208}} |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=1104–1107 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.1104 |bibcode=1999PhRvL..83.1104N|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233919 |display-authors=etal}} These parent nuclei were reported to have successively emitted three alpha particles to form hassium-273 nuclei, which were claimed to have undergone an alpha decay, emitting alpha particles with decay energies of 9.78 and 9.47 MeV and half-life 1.2 s, but their claim was retracted in 2001.{{Cite news |author=Public Affairs Department |date=21 July 2001 |title=Results of element 118 experiment retracted |url=http://enews.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/118-retraction.html |publisher=Berkeley Lab |access-date=2008-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080129191344/http://enews.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/118-retraction.html |archive-date=29 January 2008 |url-status=dead }} The isotope, however, was produced in 2010 by the same team. The new data matched the previous (fabricated){{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/15/science/at-lawrence-berkeley-physicists-say-a-colleague-took-them-for-a-ride.html?scp=2&sq=victor%20ninov&st=cse&pagewanted=1 |title=At Lawrence Berkeley, Physicists Say a Colleague Took Them for a Ride |author=George Johnson |newspaper=The New York Times |date=15 October 2002}} data.

According to macroscopic-microscopic (MM) theory, Z = 108 is a deformed proton magic number, in combination with the neutron shell at N = 162. This means that such nuclei are permanently deformed in their ground state but have high, narrow fission barriers to further deformation and hence relatively long SF partial half-lives. The SF half-lives in this region are typically reduced by a factor of 10⁹ in comparison with those in the vicinity of the spherical doubly magic nucleus ²⁹⁸Fl, caused by an increase in the probability of barrier penetration by quantum tunnelling, due to the narrower fission barrier.

In addition, N = 162 has been calculated as a deformed neutron magic number and hence the nucleus ²⁷⁰Hs has promise as a deformed doubly magic nucleus. Experimental data from the decay of Z = 110 isotopes ²⁷¹Ds and ²⁷³Ds, provides strong evidence for the magic nature of the N = 162 sub-shell. The recent synthesis of ²⁶⁹Hs, ²⁷⁰Hs, and ²⁷¹Hs also fully support the assignment of N = 162 as a magic closed shell. In particular, the low decay energy for ²⁷⁰Hs is in complete agreement with calculations.{{Cite journal|title = Properties of the hypothetical spherical superheavy nuclei|author = Robert Smolanczuk|year = 1997 |journal=Physical Review C |volume=56|issue=2 |pages = 812–824 |doi= 10.1103/PhysRevC.56.812|bibcode = 1997PhRvC..56..812S }}

Evidence for the magicity of the Z = 108 proton shell can be deemed from two sources:

1. the variation in the partial spontaneous fission half-lives for isotones
2. the large gap in Q_α for isotonic pairs between Z = 108 and Z = 110.

For SF, it is necessary to measure the half-lives for the isotonic nuclei ²⁶⁸Sg, ²⁷⁰Hs and ²⁷²Ds. Since fission of ²⁷⁰Hs has not been measured, detailed data of ²⁶⁸Sg fission is not yet available, and ²⁷²Ds is still unknown, this method cannot be used to date to confirm the stabilizing nature of the Z = 108 shell.

However, good evidence for the magicity of Z = 108 can be deemed from the large differences in the alpha decay energies measured for ²⁷⁰Hs, ²⁷¹Ds and ²⁷³Ds. More conclusive evidence would come from the determination of the decay energy of the yet-unknown nuclide ²⁷²Ds.

;²⁷⁷Hs

An isotope assigned to ²⁷⁷Hs has been observed on one occasion decaying by spontaneous fission with a long half-life of ~11 minutes.{{cite journal|doi=10.1134/1.1320137|title=Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in 48Ca+244Pu interactions|year=2000|last1=Oganessian|first1=Yu. Ts.|last2=Utyonkov|first2=V. K.|last3=Lobanov|first3=Yu. V.|last4=Abdullin|first4=F. Sh.|last5=Polyakov|first5=A. N.|last6=Shirokovsky|first6=I. V.|last7=Tsyganov|first7=Yu. S.|last8=Gulbekian|first8=G. G.|last9=Bogomolov|first9=S. L.|last10=Gikal|first10=B. N.|last11=Mezentsev|first11=A. N.|last12=Iliev|first12=S.|last13=Subbotin|first13=V. G.|last14=Sukhov|first14=A. M.|last15=Ivanov|first15=O. V.|last16=Buklanov|first16=G. V.|last17=Subotic|first17=K.|last18=Itkis|first18=M. G.|last19=Moody|first19=K. J.|last20=Wild|first20=J. F.|last21=Stoyer|first21=N. J.|last22=Stoyer|first22=M. A.|last23=Lougheed|first23=R. W.|journal=Physics of Atomic Nuclei|volume=63|issue=10|pages=1679–1687|bibcode = 2000PAN....63.1679O |s2cid=118044323|display-authors=8}} The isotope is not observed in the decay of the most common isomer of ²⁸¹Ds but is observed in the decay from a rare, as yet unconfirmed isomeric level, namely ^281mDs. The half-life is very long for the ground state and it is possible that it belongs to an isomeric level in ²⁷⁷Hs. Furthermore, in 2009, the team at the GSI observed a small alpha decay branch for ²⁸¹Ds producing an isotope of ²⁷⁷Hs decaying by spontaneous fission with a short lifetime. The measured half-life is close to the expected value for ground state isomer, ²⁷⁷Hs. Further research is required to confirm the production of the isomer. A more recent study suggests that this observed activity may actually be from ²⁷⁸Bh.{{cite journal |last1=Hofmann |first1=S. |last2=Heinz |first2=S. |first3=R. |last3=Mann |first4=J. |last4=Maurer |first5=G. |last5=Münzenberg |first6=S. |last6=Antalic |first7=W. |last7=Barth |first8=H. G. |last8=Burkhard |first9=L. |last9=Dahl |first10=K. |last10=Eberhardt |first11=R. |last11=Grzywacz |first12=J. H. |last12=Hamilton |first13=R. A. |last13=Henderson |first14=J. M. |last14=Kenneally |first15=B. |last15=Kindler |first16=I. |last16=Kojouharov |first17=R. |last17=Lang |first18=B. |last18=Lommel |first19=K. |last19=Miernik |first20=D. |last20=Miller |first21=K. J. |last21=Moody |first22=K. |last22=Morita |first23=K. |last23=Nishio |first24=A. G. |last24=Popeko |first25=J. B. |last25=Roberto |first26=J. |last26=Runke |first27=K. P. |last27=Rykaczewski |first28=S. |last28=Saro |first29=C. |last29=Scheidenberger |first30=H. J. |last30=Schött |first31=D. A. |last31=Shaughnessy |first32=M. A. |last32=Stoyer |first33=P. |last33=Thörle-Popiesch |first34=K. |last34=Tinschert |first35=N. |last35=Trautmann |first36=J. |last36=Uusitalo |first37=A. V. |last37=Yeremin |date=2016 |title=Review of even element super-heavy nuclei and search for element 120 |journal=The European Physical Journal A |volume=2016 |issue=52 |pages=180 |doi=10.1140/epja/i2016-16180-4|bibcode=2016EPJA...52..180H |s2cid=124362890 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/897926 }}

;²⁶⁹Hs

The direct synthesis of ²⁶⁹Hs has resulted in the observation of three alpha particles with energies 9.21, 9.10, and 8.94 MeV emitted from ²⁶⁹Hs atoms. However, when this isotope is indirectly synthesized from the decay of ²⁷⁷Cn, only alpha particles with energy 9.21 MeV have been observed, indicating that this decay occurs from an isomeric level. Further research is required to confirm this.

;²⁶⁷Hs

²⁶⁷Hs is known to decay by alpha decay, emitting alpha particles with energies of 9.88, 9.83, and 9.75 MeV. It has a half-life of 52 ms. In the recent syntheses of ²⁷¹Ds and ^271mDs, additional activities have been observed. A 0.94 ms activity emitting alpha particles with energy 9.83 MeV has been observed in addition to longer lived ~0.8 s and ~6.0 s activities. Currently, none of these are assigned and confirmed and further research is required to positively identify them.

;²⁶⁵Hs

The synthesis of ²⁶⁵Hs has also provided evidence for two isomeric levels. The ground state decays by emission of an alpha particle with energy 10.30 MeV and has a half-life of 2.0 ms. The isomeric state has 300 keV of excess energy and decays by the emission of an alpha particle with energy 10.57 MeV and has a half-life of 0.75 ms.

;Future experiments

Scientists at the GSI are planning to search for isomers of ²⁷⁰Hs using the reaction ²²⁶Ra(⁴⁸Ca,4n) in 2010 using the new TASCA facility at the GSI.{{Cite web|url=http://www-win.gsi.de/tasca08/contributions/TASCA08_Cont_Andersson.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305104908/http://www-win.gsi.de/tasca08/contributions/TASCA08_Cont_Andersson.pdf|url-status=dead|title=TASCA in Small Image Mode Spectroscopy|archive-date=March 5, 2012}} In addition, they also hope to study the spectroscopy of ²⁶⁹Hs, ²⁶⁵Sg and ²⁶¹Rf, using the reaction ²⁴⁸Cm(²⁶Mg,5n) or ²²⁶Ra(⁴⁸Ca,5n). This will allow them to determine the level structure in ²⁶⁵Sg and ²⁶¹Rf and attempt to give spin and parity assignments to the various proposed isomers.[http://www-win.gsi.de/tasca08/contributions/TASCA08_Cont_Yakushev2.pdf Hassium spectroscopy experiments at TASCA], A. Yakushev {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305105000/http://www-win.gsi.de/tasca08/contributions/TASCA08_Cont_Yakushev2.pdf |date=March 5, 2012 }}

The tables below provides cross-sections and excitation energies for nuclear reactions that produce isotopes of hassium directly. Data in bold represent maxima derived from excitation function measurements. + represents an observed exit channel.

The below table contains various targets-projectile combinations for which calculations have provided estimates for cross section yields from various neutron evaporation channels. The channel with the highest expected yield is given.

DNS = Di-nuclear system ; σ = cross section

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=108&n=162 National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112161051/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/reCenter.jsp?z=108&n=162 |date=2016-01-12 }}

Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from:

• {{cite journal |title=The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties |doi=10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001 |last1=Audi |first1=G. |last2=Kondev |first2=F. G. |last3=Wang |first3=M. |last4=Huang |first4=W. J. |last5=Naimi |first5=S. |display-authors=3 |journal=Chinese Physics C |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=030001 |year=2017|bibcode=2017ChPhC..41c0001A |s2cid=126750783 |ref={{harvid|Audi et al.|2017}} |url=http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7c02/89532fe80c913edd952e8caffd555013f596.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801004253/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7c02/89532fe80c913edd952e8caffd555013f596.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-08-01 }}
• {{NUBASE 2012}}
• {{NUBASE 2003}}
• {{NNDC}}
• {{CRC85|chapter=11}}
• {{cite web |author=GSI |year=2011 |title=Superheavy Element Research at GSI |url=http://tan11.jinr.ru/pdf/08_Sep/S_1/01_Duellmann.pdf |publisher=GSI |access-date=20 August 2012}}

{{Navbox element isotopes}}

Category:Hassium

Hassium