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:KRI Nanggala (402)

{{expand Indonesian|topic=hist|otherarticle=KRI Nanggala (402)|date=March 2022}}{{Short description|Indonesian submarine sunk in 2021}}

{{good article}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

| Ship image = Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala (402) underway in August 2015.JPG

| image alt = refer to caption

| Ship caption = KRI Nanggala underway in the Java Sea, August 2015

}}

{{Infobox ship career

| Hide header =

| Ship name = KRI Nanggala

| Ship namesake = Divine spear of Prabhu Baladewa

| Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Indonesia|naval}}

| Ship country = Indonesia

| Ship ordered = 2 April 1977

| Ship builder = Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft

| Ship original cost =

| Ship yard number =

| Ship way number =

| Ship laid down = 14 March 1978

| Ship launched = 10 September 1980

| Ship completed = 6 July 1981

| Ship christened =

| Ship acquired =

| Ship commissioned = 21 October 1981

| Ship maiden voyage =

| Ship in service =

| Ship out of service = 21 April 2021

| Ship stricken =

| Ship identification = Pennant number 402

| Ship fate = Imploded during torpedo drill, 21 April 2021 (with all hands)

| Ship badge = 150px

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

| Hide header =

| Header caption =

| Ship class = {{sclass|Cakra|submarine|0}} attack submarine

| Ship displacement = *1,285 tons surfaced

  • 1,390 tons submerged

| Ship length = {{convert|59.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship beam = {{convert|6.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship draft = {{convert|5.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

| Ship propulsion = *4 × MTU 12V493 AZ80 GA31L diesel engines rated at {{convert|2,400|hp|MW|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}

  • 4 × Siemens alternators rated at {{convert|1.7|MW|hp|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}
  • 1 × Siemens motor rated at {{convert|4,600|hp|MW|abbr=on|lk=on|order=flip}}
  • 1 × shaft

| Ship speed = * {{convert|11|kn}} surfaced

  • {{convert|25|kn}} submerged

| Ship range = * {{convert|8,200|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|8|kn|abbr=on}}

| Ship endurance = 50 days

| Ship test depth = {{convert|240|m|abbr=on}}

| Ship capacity =

| Ship complement = 50 including special forces unit{{r|jakartapost.refit}}

| Ship crew = 6 officers, 28 enlisted{{cite news|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesian-navy-submarine-missing-in-bali-sea|date=21 April 2021|title=Indonesian Navy submarine missing in Bali Sea|author=Ridzwan Rahmat|work=Janes|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421104224/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesian-navy-submarine-missing-in-bali-sea|url-status=live}}

| Ship sensors = *Signaal Sinbad weapons control system

  • Thomson-CSF Calypso, I-band surface search radar
  • Atlas Elektronik CSU 3-2 active/passive search and attack sonar
  • PRS-3/4 passive ranging sonar

| Ship EW = * ESM : Thomson-CSF DR2000U

  • CMS : Kongsberg MSI-90U Mk 2{{Cite book|url=https://www.datareka.co.id/images/data/257141_998870_7067871.pdf|title=MSI-90U Mk 2 Combat Management System|publisher=Kongsberg|location=Norway|pages=6|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=1 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501114051/http://datareka.co.id/images/data/257141_998870_7067871.pdf|url-status=live}}

| Ship armament = *8 × {{convert|21|in|mm|abbr=on|0|order=flip}} bow tubes

}}

KRI Nanggala (402), also known as Nanggala II, was one of two {{sclass|Cakra|submarine|0}} Type 209/1300 diesel-electric attack submarines of the Indonesian Navy. It sank following an implosion in April 2021.

Ordered in 1977, Nanggala was launched in 1980 and commissioned in 1981. It conducted intelligence gathering operations in the Indian Ocean and around East Timor and North Kalimantan. It was a participant of the international Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training naval exercise and conducted a passing exercise with {{USS|Oklahoma City|SSN-723|6}}. The vessel underwent major refits by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) in 2012 and Indonesian state-owned shipyard PT PAL in 2020.

On 21 April 2021, the ship went missing during a routine exercise in the Bali Sea. It was commanded by Colonel Harry Setyawan, and had 49 crewmembers and 3 weapon specialists on board. The Indonesian Navy, assisted by other countries, conducted a search, and three days later debris was discovered {{convert|19|km|mi}} from the point of last contact, and Nanggala was declared sunk. There were no survivors; all 53 people on board the ship died. On 26 April, the Indonesian government awarded posthumous promotions to everyone aboard the ship.

The cause of the sinking is presumed to be a power outage. Nanggala had experienced outages before but recovered successfully. Lt. Col. Heri Oktavian, who was killed in the incident, had previously voiced his frustrations about the maintenance of the ship; he claimed that the workmanship quality and maintenance services performed by state-owned naval dockyard PT PAL were unsatisfactory.

Name

The submarine was named after the Nanggala, a powerful, divine short spear wielded by Prabhu Baladewa, a Hindu god mentioned in the Mahabharata and a character in wayang puppet theatre.{{Cite web|last=Wisesa|first=Yosafat Diva Bayu|date=2021-04-22|title=Ternyata KRI Nanggala-402 mengandung petir dari kekuatan ilahi Baladewa dan bisa belah gunung|url=https://www.hops.id/ternyata-kri-nanggala-402-mengandung-petir-dari-kekuatan-ilahi-baladewa/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210422123232/https://www.hops.id/ternyata-kri-nanggala-402-mengandung-petir-dari-kekuatan-ilahi-baladewa/|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Hops|language=id}}{{Cite web|title=Shadow puppet, Prabu Baladewa|url=https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1071743|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210422033118/https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1071743|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-22|website=www.roots.gov.sg}} Legend states that the spear is capable of melting mountains and splitting oceans.{{cite news |last1=Handley |first1=Erin |last2=Renaldi |first2=Erwin |title=What we know about the sunken Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-26/explainer-what-we-know-indonesian-submarine-kri-nanggala/100095806 |access-date=27 April 2021 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=26 April 2021 |archive-date=26 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426202132/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-26/explainer-what-we-know-indonesian-submarine-kri-nanggala/100095806 |url-status=live }}

The vessel was also known as Nanggala II in order to differentiate it from RI Nanggala (S-02), an older {{sclass2|Whiskey|submarine|0}} submarine sharing the same name.

Design and construction

File:First crew members of KRI Nanggala.jpg

File:KRI Nanggala 402, undated.jpg

File:KRI Nanggala, East Kalimantan Exercise, 1992.jpg, 1992|alt=Nanggala in training in East Kalimantan, with Indonesian soldiers on her deck.]]

{{multiple image

| align = right

| direction = vertical

| image1 = KRI_Nanggala_periscope.jpg

| image2 = KRI_Nanggala_control_room.jpg

| footer = Periscope (above) and control room, in 2017 after South Korean refit

| alt1 = refer to caption

| caption1 =

| caption2 =

}}

KRI Nanggala was ordered on 2 April 1977{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1995|isbn=1-55750-132-7|editor-last1=Gardiner|editor-first1=Robert|location=Annapolis, Maryland, US|pages=179|editor-last2=Chumbley|editor-first2=Stephen}} and was financed as part of a US$625 million loan by the West German government to the Indonesian government.{{r|kompasdata.new}} About $100 million was spent on the submarine and its sister vessel, {{ship|KRI|Cakra|401|6}}.{{cite news|date=5 February 1977|title=Dua kapal-selam baru untuk TNI-AL|language=id|work=Kompas|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19242250|url-access=subscription|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111004/https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400italic,700,700italic,300,300italic|url-status=live}} Excerpt of the newspaper could be seen in [https://www.kompas.id/baca/video/2021/04/22/empat-dekade-operasi-senyap-kri-nanggala here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111018/https://www.kompas.id/baca/video/2021/04/22/empat-dekade-operasi-senyap-kri-nanggala |date=23 April 2021 }}at 00.47. (Video ) The vessel was designed by Ingenieurkontor Lübeck of Lübeck, constructed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Kiel, and sold by Ferrostaal of Essen – all acting together as a West German consortium.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsgqAQAAMAAJ&q=March+1978+Nanggala|title=Jane's Fighting Ships 2009–2010|publisher=Jane's Information Group|year=2009|isbn=9780710628886|editor-last1=Saunders|editor-first1=Stephen|pages=339|access-date=25 April 2021|archive-date=30 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430155935/https://books.google.com/books?id=qsgqAQAAMAAJ&q=March+1978+Nanggala|url-status=live}}

Nanggala was laid down on 14 March 1978 and launched on 10 September 1980. It was tested in West German waters before it was handed over to Indonesia on 6 July 1981.{{r|:11}}

Nanggala left West Germany in early August 1981 with 38 crew members under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Armand Aksyah.{{Cite news|date=12 July 1981|title="Nanggala II" diserahkan|page=2|work=Kompas|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19307535|url-access=subscription|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013340/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompasdata.id%2FSearch%2FNewsDetail%2F19307535|url-status=live}} Excerpt of the newspaper could be seen in [https://www.facebook.com/ayokeperpusnas/photos/a.380549651985428/5698651253508548 here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430032639/https://www.facebook.com/ayokeperpusnas/photos/a.380549651985428/5698651253508548 |date=30 April 2021 }}. The submarine was first presented to the public on the 36th anniversary of the Indonesian National Armed Forces on 5 October 1981.{{Cite news|date=10 October 1981|title=Jadilah ABRI yang Demikian|work=Tempo|url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/nasional/51360/jadilah-abri-yang-demikian|access-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421173700/https://majalah.tempo.co/read/nasional/51360/jadilah-abri-yang-demikian|archive-date=21 April 2021|url-status=live|url-access=limited}} Sixteen days later, it was commissioned by the Minister of Defense and Security, General M.{{nbsp}}Jusuf.{{Cite news|date=22 October 1981|title=Diresmikan Menhankam/Pangab: Tiga kapal perang baru dalam jajaran armada TNI-AL|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/19494074|work=Kompas|page=1|access-date=21 April 2021|url-access=subscription|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112510/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompasdata.id%2FSearch%2FNewsDetail%2F19494074|url-status=live}}

Historical context

During the 1960s, Indonesia was known as one of the largest Asian naval powers, with 12 Soviet-made Whiskey-class submarines in its fleet.{{Cite web |last=Saputra |first=Laksana Agung |date=22 April 2021 |title=Tenggelamnya KRI Nanggala-402, "Tabah sampai Akhir" |url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/22/tenggelamnya-kri-nanggala-402-tabah-sampai-akhir/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20210425094427/https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/22/tenggelamnya-kri-nanggala-402-tabah-sampai-akhir/ |archive-date=25 April 2021 |website=kompas.id}}{{cite web|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703132321/https://www.tnial.mil.id/assets/majalah/PDF-20200129-162724.pdf|url=https://www.tnial.mil.id/assets/majalah/PDF-20200129-162724.pdf|publisher=Dinas Perawatan Personel TNI AL|year=2020|title=Tradisi TNI Angkatan Laut|access-date=16 October 2021 |url-status=live|archive-date=3 July 2020}} However, by 1981, during the New Order, when Cakra and Nanggala arrived in Indonesia to reinforce the country's naval defenses, only one of the 12 Whiskey-class submarines had still retained the ability to dive.{{r|kompas|kompas.tabah}} The Indonesian government had planned to purchase a Type 206A submarine from Germany in the late 1990s, but was unable to do so due to funding issues.{{r|mil.tradisi}}

During the beginning of the Reform Era, an embargo on military equipment imposed by the U.S., as well as continuing financial problems experienced as a result of the Asian financial crisis, meant that the Indonesian Navy was unable to procure any additional submarines until 2017.{{r|mil.tradisi|kompas.tabah}} As a result, Cakra and Nanggala were the only active submarines in the Indonesian Navy between the decommissioning of {{KRI|Pasopati||6}} in 1994{{Cite news|last=Pandia|first=Agnes Swetta|date=30 June 1998|title=KRI Pasopati, Monumen Keperkasaan di Laut|page=9|work=Kompas|url=http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/NewsDetail/18439232|access-date=22 April 2021|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112453/http://www.kompasdata.id/Search/News?ref=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompasdata.id%2FSearch%2FNewsDetail%2F18439232|url-status=live}} and the commissioning of {{KRI|Nagapasa|403|6}} in 2017.{{Cite web|last=Erdianto|first=Kristian|date=2017-08-28|title=Ini Kehebatan Kapal Selam Baru KRI Nagapasa 403 Milik TNI AL|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/08/28/20422671/ini-kehebatan-kapal-selam-baru-kri-nagapasa-403-milik-tni-al|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Kompas|language=id|archive-date=15 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115040749/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2017/08/28/20422671/ini-kehebatan-kapal-selam-baru-kri-nagapasa-403-milik-tni-al}}{{Cite news|date=12 October 1991|title=Ramping Tapi Kekar|work=Tempo|url=https://majalah.tempo.co/read/nasional/15360/ramping-tapi-kekar|access-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421173717/https://majalah.tempo.co/read/nasional/15360/ramping-tapi-kekar|archive-date=21 April 2021|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}

By 2020, Indonesia had made plans to own and operate eight submarines by 2024.{{r|mil.tradisi}}

Service history

Nanggala participated in several naval exercises, including the Cooperation Afloat Readiness and Training exercises in 2002 and 2015.{{r|:82}}{{Cite web|date=8 August 2015|title=KRI NANGGALA, JAVA SEA|url=http://www.dvidshub.net/image/2117615/carat-indonesia|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=DVIDS|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013338/https://www.dvidshub.net/image/2117615/carat-indonesia}} In 2004, the boat participated in the Joint Marine Operations Exercise held in the Indian Ocean, during which it sank the decommissioned {{Ship|KRI|Rakata}}.{{Cite web|last=Tanjung|first=Agib|date=2014-12-10|title=Mengenal KRI Nanggala 402, kapal selam tangguh andalan TNI AL|url=https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/mengenal-kri-nanggala-402-kapal-selam-tangguh-andalan-tni-al.html|website=merdeka.com|language=en|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102211750/http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/mengenal-kri-nanggala-402-kapal-selam-tangguh-andalan-tni-al.html|url-status=live}}{{r|voi}} In August 2012, the boat conducted a passing exercise with {{USS|Oklahoma City|SSN-723|6}}, accompanied by {{ship|KRI|Diponegoro|365|6}} and a Bölkow-Blohm helicopter.{{Cite news|date=30 August 2012|title=KRI Nanggala-402 dan USS Oklahoma City latihan bersama di Laut Jawa|work=Antara|editor-last=Marboen|editor-first=Ade|url=http://www.antaranews.com/berita/330367/kri-nanggala-402-dan-uss-oklahoma-city-latihan-bersama-di-laut-jawa|url-status=dead|access-date=25 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025133951/http://www.antaranews.com/berita/330367/kri-nanggala-402-dan-uss-oklahoma-city-latihan-bersama-di-laut-jawa|archive-date=25 October 2012}}

The submarine conducted a number of intelligence-gathering operations in the waters around Indonesia, including one in the Indian Ocean from April to May 1992, and another around East Timor from August to October 1999, in which the boat tracked the movements of the International Force East Timor as it landed in the region.{{Cite book|last1=Till|first1=Geoffrey|url=http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/60512/1/216.pdf.pdf|title=Naval Modernisation in Southeast Asia: Submarine Issues for Small and Medium Navies|last2=Lean|first2=Collin Koh Swee|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2018|isbn=978-3-319-86396-2|series=2|pages=64, 138|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013338/http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/60512/1/216.pdf.pdf|url-status=live}} During May 2005, the submarine was tasked with scouting, infiltrating, and hunting down strategic targets around Ambalat, after Indonesian {{ill|KRI Tedong Naga (819)|lt=KRI Tedong Naga|id}} and Malaysian {{ship|KD|Rencong||6}} were involved in a minor collision near the area.{{Cite web|last=Pattisina|first=Edna C.|date=2021-04-21|title=KRI Nanggala-402 Dulu Jadi Ujung Tombak Sengketa Blok Ambalat|url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/21/kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402-yang-hilang-dulu-jadi-ujung-tombak-sengketa-blok-ambalat/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=kompas.id|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421131659/https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/21/kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402-yang-hilang-dulu-jadi-ujung-tombak-sengketa-blok-ambalat/}}

Nanggala underwent a refit at Howaldtswerke that was completed in 1989.{{cite book |title=Warship International: Volume 27 |date=1990 |publisher=International Naval Research Organization |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pxFHAQAAIAAJ |language=en |access-date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112450/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Warship_International/pxFHAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }} Roughly two decades later, the boat underwent a full refit for two years in South Korea by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME) that was completed in January 2012.{{Cite web|last=대우조선해양|date=2012-01-20|title=대우조선해양, 인도네시아 잠수함 성능개량사업 완료|url=http://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=598586|access-date=2021-04-22|website=대우조선해양, 인도네시아 잠수함 성능개량사업 완료 – 뉴스와이어|language=ko|archive-date=22 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522133401/http://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=598586|url-status=live}}{{r|jakartapost.refit}}{{efn|Nanggala did not return to operations until February 2012.{{Cite web|last=Pattiasina|first=Edna C.|date=2012-02-06|title=Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala Kembali Beroperasi|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/02/06/18574511/~Nasional|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-21|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421152047/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/02/06/18574511/~Nasional}}}} The refit cost US$63.7 million,{{Cite book|url=https://www.djppr.kemenkeu.go.id/uploads/files/dmodata/in/6Publikasi/8Monev_PHLN/1Lap_Perkembangan_Phln_Triwulan/Laporan_Perkembangan_PLN_TW_IV_2011-0.pdf|title=Laporan Perkembangan Pinjaman dan Hibah Triwulan IV Tahun 2011|publisher=Directorate of Evaluation, Accounting and Settlement, Ministry of Finance|year=2011|location=Jakarta|pages=L-26|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423013340/https://www.djppr.kemenkeu.go.id/uploads/files/dmodata/in/6Publikasi/8Monev_PHLN/1Lap_Perkembangan_Phln_Triwulan/Laporan_Perkembangan_PLN_TW_IV_2011-0.pdf|url-status=live}} replaced much of the submarine's upper structure, and upgraded its weaponry, sonar, radar, combat control and propulsion systems.{{cite news |title=Indonesia searches for missing submarine with 53 on board |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=Reuters |date=21 April 2021 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421093435/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/ |url-status=live }}{{r|jakartapost.refit}} After the refit, Nanggala became capable of firing four torpedoes simultaneously at four different targets and launching anti-ship missiles such as Exocet or Harpoon. Its safe diving depth was increased to {{convert|257|m|ft}}, and its top speed was increased from {{convert|21.5|knot|km/h}} to {{convert|25|knot|km/h}}.{{cite news |last1=Boediwardhana |first1=Wahyoe |title=RI submarines on par with neighbors after overhaul |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/06/ri-submarines-par-with-neighbors-after-overhaul.html |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=Jakarta Post |date=2 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511045258/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/06/ri-submarines-par-with-neighbors-after-overhaul.html |archive-date=11 May 2012 }} In November 2016, the submarine was equipped with an ASELSAN KULAÇ echosounder system.{{Cite web|date=2016-11-21|title=Indonesian Navy vessel uses ASELSAN's KULAÇ|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/defense/2016/11/21/indonesian-navy-vessel-uses-aselsans-kulac|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117223117/https://www.dailysabah.com/defense/2016/11/21/indonesian-navy-vessel-uses-aselsans-kulac|archive-date=17 January 2021|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Daily Sabah|language=en-US}}

In 2012, three crew members of the Nanggala died in a failed torpedo launch exercise. The submarine was then sent to South Korea for repair.{{Cite web|last=Indonesia|first=C. N. N.|title=DPR: 3 TNI Pernah Tewas di Insiden Kapal Selam Nanggala 2012|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210425135022-20-634486/dpr-3-tni-pernah-tewas-di-insiden-kapal-selam-nanggala-2012|access-date=2021-06-10|website=nasional|language=id-ID|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610040128/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210425135022-20-634486/dpr-3-tni-pernah-tewas-di-insiden-kapal-selam-nanggala-2012|url-status=live}}

Sinking

On 21 April 2021, Air Chief Marshal Hadi Tjahjanto, Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, reported that Nanggala was believed to have disappeared in waters about {{convert|95|km|nmi|sp=us|abbr=in}} north of Bali.{{Cite web|last1=Pattisina|first1=Edna C|last2=Puttranto|first2=Angger|date=21 April 2021|title=Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala-402 Hilang di Utara Bali|url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/21/kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402-hilang/|url-status=live|access-date=21 April 2021|website=kompas.id|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421095225/https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/21/kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402-hilang}}{{efn|The area is around {{convert|300|km|nmi|sp=us|abbr=in}} to the east of the large East Java city of Surabaya.}} Indonesian Navy spokesperson First Admiral {{ill|Julius Widjojono|id}} stated that Nanggala had been conducting a torpedo drill, but failed to report its results as expected.{{r|cnnindonesia}}{{Cite web|first1=Agustinus|last1=Beo Da Costa|first2=Kate|last2=Lamb|editor-first=Martin|editor-last=Petty|date=21 April 2021|title=Indonesian navy checking on submarine after failure to report back from exercise|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/|url-status=live|access-date=21 April 2021|website=Reuters|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421093435/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/}} Further details emerged that Nanggala had requested permission to dive to fire an SUT torpedo{{Cite web|title=KRI Nanggala-402, Submarine Purchased 1982 From Germany, Most Senior In Indonesian Navy|url=https://voi.id/en/news/46133/kri-nanggala-402-submarine-purchased-1982-from-germany-most-senior-in-indonesian-navy|access-date=2021-04-22|website=VOI – Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422025025/https://voi.id/en/news/46133/kri-nanggala-402-submarine-purchased-1982-from-germany-most-senior-in-indonesian-navy|url-status=live}} at {{nowrap|03:00 Time in Indonesia}} ({{nowrap|20:00 UTC}}, {{dts|2021.04.20|format=dm}}).{{Cite web|last=Komara|first=Indra|title=KRI Nanggala-402 Diduga Hilang Kontak 1 Jam Usai Dapat Izin Menyelam|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5541786/kri-nanggala-402-diduga-hilang-kontak-1-jam-usai-dapat-izin-menyelam|access-date=2021-04-22|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422032907/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5541786/kri-nanggala-402-diduga-hilang-kontak-1-jam-usai-dapat-izin-menyelam|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Masrur|first=Jamaluddin|date=April 21, 2021|title=Indonesian Navy searches for missing submarine with 53 people on board|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/asia/indonesia-missing-submarine-intl/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210421193545/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/asia/indonesia-missing-submarine-intl/index.html|archive-date=21 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-22|website=CNN}} At around 04:00, Nanggala should have been flooding its torpedo tubes in preparation for the firing of the torpedo. The last communication with Nanggala was at {{Nowrap|04:25}}, when the commanding officer of the training task force would have authorized the firing of torpedo number 8.{{Cite web |last=Yahya |first=Achmad Nasrudin |date=2021-04-22 |editor-last=Meiliana |editor-first=Diamanty |title=Komunikasi dengan KRI Nanggala-402 Masih Lancar hingga Tahap Penggenangan Torpedo, lalu Hilang Ketika Akan Diberi Otoritas |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/10512501/komunikasi-dengan-kri-nanggala-402-masih-lancar-hingga-tahap-penggenangan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422040350/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/10512501/komunikasi-dengan-kri-nanggala-402-masih-lancar-hingga-tahap-penggenangan |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-22 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}} Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy Yudo Margono reported that Nanggala had fired a live torpedo and a practice torpedo before contact was lost.{{r|cnn}}Achmad Nasrudin Yahya, '[https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/06165401/sebelum-hilang-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402-diduga-sempat-alami-black-out Sebelum Hilang, Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala-402 Diduga Sempat Alami Black Out'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421233138/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/06165401/sebelum-hilang-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402-diduga-sempat-alami-black-out|date=21 April 2021}} [Before Disappearing, Indonesian National Submarine Naggala-402 Believed to have had a Black Out], Kompas.com, 22 April 2021.

The navy sent a distress call to the International Submarine Escape and Rescue Liaison Office at around {{nowrap|09:37}} to report the boat as missing and presumably sunk.{{cite web |url= https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesian-navy-submarine-missing-in-bali-sea |title= Indonesian Navy submarine missing in Bali Sea |first1= Ridzwan |last1= Rahmat |work= Janes |date= 21 April 2021 |access-date= 21 April 2021 |archive-date= 21 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210421104031/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indonesian-navy-submarine-missing-in-bali-sea |url-status= live }} The navy stated that it was possible that Nanggala experienced a power outage before falling to a depth of {{cvt|600|-|700|m|ft}}.{{r|:7}} Widjojono stated that Nanggala was able to dive to a depth of {{cvt|500|m|ft}}.{{r|cnn}} The deepest areas of the Bali Sea are over {{cvt|1500|m|ft}} below sea level.{{r|reuters.hunt}} It was also reported that the underwater telephone (UWT) of the submarine was defective during the drill, hampering communications between the boat and rescue vessels in the area.{{Cite web|title=Communications malfunction hampers rescue of missing Indonesian submarine|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/communications-malfunction-hampers-rescue-of-missing-indonesian-submarine|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Janes.com|date=23 April 2021 |archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424100145/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/communications-malfunction-hampers-rescue-of-missing-indonesian-submarine|url-status=live}}

At the time it went missing, Nanggala had 53 people on board: 49 crew members, 1 commander, and 3 weapons specialists.{{cite web |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-navy-53-missing-north-bali-submarine-drill-14665862 |title=Indonesian navy searching for missing submarine with 53 on board; oil spill found near dive position |date=21 April 2021 |publisher=CNA |access-date=22 April 2021 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422064255/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-navy-53-missing-north-bali-submarine-drill-14665862 |url-status=live }} The highest-ranking naval officer in the submarine was Colonel Harry Setyawan, the commander of the submarine unit of the 2nd Fleet Command. Subordinates with him were Lieutenant Colonel Heri Oktavian, the commander of the submarine, and Lieutenant Colonel Irfan Suri, an officer from the Weapons Materials and Electronics Service.{{Cite web|last=Pratama|first=Aprilandika|date=21 April 2021|title=Daftar 53 Awak Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala yang Tenggelam di Bali|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/daftar-53-awak-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-yang-tenggelam-di-bali-1vb7h3AGJyz|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Kumparan|language=id|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421154434/https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/daftar-53-awak-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-yang-tenggelam-di-bali-1vb7h3AGJyz}}

At noon on 22 April, Yudo Margono stated that the oxygen reserves on Nanggala would be sufficient for the entire crew and passengers for three days after it had submerged, noting that the oxygen would run out on Saturday, 24 April, at 03:00 (20:00 UTC, 23 April).{{Cite web|date=April 22, 2021|title=Sailors on missing KRI Nanggala submarine have oxygen until Saturday|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/04/22/sailors-on-missing-kri-nanggala-submarine-have-oxygen-until-saturday.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=The Jakarta Post|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112431/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/04/22/sailors-on-missing-kri-nanggala-submarine-have-oxygen-until-saturday.html}} Submarine experts stated that submarines have backup systems that may provide sufficient oxygen for some time depending on the state of the equipment.{{Cite news|last1=Beech|first1=Hannah|last2=Suhartono|first2=Muktita|date=2021-04-23|title=Oxygen, and Time, Are Running Out for Indonesian Submarine|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/world/asia/indonesia-submarine-missing.html|access-date=2021-04-23|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423170108/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/23/world/asia/indonesia-submarine-missing.html|url-status=live}} A crisis center equipped with an ambulance and a mobile hyperbaric chamber was established at the {{ill|2nd Fleet Command|id|Komando Armada II}} headquarters in Surabaya.{{Cite web|last=Pranishita|first=Ayu Khania|date=22 April 2021|title=Pencarian KRI Nanggala, TNI buka posko crisis center di Surabaya dan Banyuwangi|url=https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/476786/pencarian-kri-nanggala-tni-buka-posko-crisis-center-di-surabaya-dan-banyuwangi|access-date=2021-04-24|website=ANTARA News Jawa Timur|archive-date=7 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607040817/https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/476786/pencarian-kri-nanggala-tni-buka-posko-crisis-center-di-surabaya-dan-banyuwangi|url-status=live}}{{r|medcom.center}} The center was also a source of information for the media and families of the submarine crew members.{{Cite news|last=Hukmana|first=Siti Yona|date=22 April 2021|title=Crisis Center KRI Nanggala-402 Didirikan di Surabaya dan Banyuwangi|work=Medcom|url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/9K55JE3K-crisis-center-kri-nanggala-402-didirikan-di-surabaya-dan-banyuwangi|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425035046/https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/9K55JE3K-crisis-center-kri-nanggala-402-didirikan-di-surabaya-dan-banyuwangi|url-status=live}}

Indonesian president Joko Widodo stated that the safety of the crew of Nanggala was of top priority and invited everyone to pray for the crew's safety.{{Cite web|last=Sinambela|first=Maruli|date=2011-04-22|title=Kerahkan Semua Kekuatan, Jokowi: Keselamatan 53 Awak KRI Nanggala 402 Prioritas Utama|url=https://www.vibizmedia.com/2021/04/22/kerahkan-semua-kekuatan-jokowi-keselamatan-53-awak-kapal-kri-nanggala-402-prioritas-utama/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422130740/https://www.vibizmedia.com/2021/04/22/kerahkan-semua-kekuatan-jokowi-keselamatan-53-awak-kapal-kri-nanggala-402-prioritas-utama/|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=22 April 2021|website=Vibizmedia}}

Rescue efforts

On {{dts|2021.04.21|format=dm}} around 07:00, an aerial search revealed traces of an oil spill on the surface of the water near the location where the submarine was believed to have dived.{{Cite web|date=2021-04-21|title=Search for missing Indonesian submarine reveals oil spill|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210421144445/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-navy-checking-submarine-after-failure-report-back-exercise-2021-04-21/|archive-date=21 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-21|website=Reuters}} Indonesian Navy deployed three warships—{{KRI|Diponegoro|365|6}}, {{KRI|Raden Eddy Martadinata}}, and {{KRI|I Gusti Ngurah Rai}}—to search for Nanggala.{{Cite web|last=Yahya|first=Achmad Nasrudin|date=2021-04-22|title=TNI AL Pastikan Stok Oksigen Aman Bagi 53 Personel Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala-402|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/08075081/tni-al-pastikan-stok-oksigen-aman-bagi-53-personel-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422012114/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/08075081/tni-al-pastikan-stok-oksigen-aman-bagi-53-personel-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Kompas|language=id}} Widjojono stated that a team of divers was searching for the boat.{{Cite web|date=21 April 2021|title=Kapal Selam TNI AL Hilang Kontak saat Latihan di Selat Bali|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210421170811-20-632992/kapal-selam-tni-al-hilang-kontak-saat-latihan-di-selat-bali|url-status=live|access-date=21 April 2021|website=CNN Indonesia|language=id-ID|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421102653/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210421170811-20-632992/kapal-selam-tni-al-hilang-kontak-saat-latihan-di-selat-bali}} Janes Defence News also reported that the navy had sent a number of other warships to the area.{{r|janes}} The governments of Australia, Singapore, and India had responded to Indonesian requests for assistance.{{r|reuters.oil}}

On {{dts|2021.04.22|format=dm}}, the Indonesian Navy reported that an oil slick had been observed at multiple locations.{{r|channelnewsasia.assist}} Indonesian frigate Raden Eddy Martadinata had detected movement underwater at a speed of {{convert|2.5|knot|km/h}} but was unable to obtain enough information to identify the contact before it disappeared.{{r|channelnewsasia.assist}} Admiral Yudo Margono, Chief Staff of Indonesian Navy, also reported that an Indonesian naval vessel had detected an object that was magnetic at a depth of {{convert|50|to|100|m|abbr=off}}.{{r|cnn}}{{efn|It is unclear if Achmad Riad and Yudo Margono were referring to the same object.}}

The Indonesian Navy had deployed six additional ships to the area: {{KRI|Dr. Soeharso}}, {{KRI|Hasan Basri}}, {{ship|KRI|Karel Satsuitubun|356|6}}, {{KRI|Singa}}, {{KRI|Hiu}} and {{KRI|Layang}}.{{Cite web|last=Fanani|first=Ardian|title=6 KRI Ada di Banyuwangi Cari Kapal Selam Nanggala-402 yang Hilang|url=https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5542131/6-kri-ada-di-banyuwangi-cari-kapal-selam-nanggala-402-yang-hilang|access-date=2021-04-22|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422071112/https://news.detik.com/berita-jawa-timur/d-5542131/6-kri-ada-di-banyuwangi-cari-kapal-selam-nanggala-402-yang-hilang|url-status=live}} Yudo Margono also noted on Thursday that three submarines, five airplanes, and 21 warships had been deployed in the search effort.{{r|cnn}} Submarine {{ship|KRI|Alugoro|405|6}} had also joined the search.{{Cite web|last=Tisnadibrata|first=Ismira Lutfia|date=22 April 2021|title=Indonesia in race against time to find missing submarine before air supply runs out|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1847051/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Arab News|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111021/https://www.arabnews.com/node/1847051/world}} {{KRI|Rigel|933|6}}, a warship with more powerful sonar equipment, was expected to arrive on {{dts|2021.04.23|format=dm}}.{{Cite web|last=Jamaluddin|first=Masrur|title=Indonesian navy detects object during search for missing submarine|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/23/asia/indonesia-submarine-australia-us-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-04-23|website=CNN|date=23 April 2021 |archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423100507/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/23/asia/indonesia-submarine-australia-us-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|language=fr|access-date=25 April 2021|url=https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/rigel-un-batiment-indonesien-made-france|title=Rigel : Un bâtiment indonésien made in France|date=13 March 2015|first=Vincent|last=Groizeleau|work=Mer et Marine|archive-date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111042316/https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/rigel-un-batiment-indonesien-made-france|url-status=live}} The Republic of Singapore Navy deployed its submarine rescue vessel, {{MV|Swift Rescue}} and the Royal Malaysian Navy sent its {{MV|Mega Bakti}} respectively, to the scene.{{cite news|last1=Siregar|first1=Kiki|date=22 April 2021|title=Vessels from Singapore and Malaysia to assist in search for missing Indonesian submarine|work=Channel News Asia|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-navy-bali-missing-submarine-singapore-swift-rescue-14671012|url-status=live|access-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422030219/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-navy-bali-missing-submarine-singapore-swift-rescue-14671012|archive-date=22 April 2021}} The Indian Navy announced that their deep-submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) had departed naval facilities at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, en route to the search area.{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=2021-04-22|title=Indian Navy dispatches DSRV to assist Indonesian Navy's search for missing submarine|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-navy-dispatches-dsrv-to-assist-indonesian-navys-search-for-missing-submarine/article34383263.ece|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422112455/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-navy-dispatches-dsrv-to-assist-indonesian-navys-search-for-missing-submarine/article34383263.ece|archive-date=22 April 2021|issn=0971-751X}} U.S. Department of Defense press secretary John Kirby stated that the department was sending airborne assets to assist in the search.{{Cite news|last=Anshori|first=Yuddy Cahya Budiman, Sultan|date=2021-04-23|title=Desperate hunt for missing Indonesian submarine as oxygen set to run out|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-submarine-idUSKBN2CA095|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111002/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-submarine-idUSKBN2CA095|archive-date=23 April 2021}} These included a Boeing P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft with one registered as 553.{{Cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|title=Bantuan LN Pencari KRI Nanggala-402: MV Swift-Pesawat Poseidon|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5543309/bantuan-ln-pencari-kri-nanggala-402-mv-swift-pesawat-poseidon|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111003/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5543309/bantuan-ln-pencari-kri-nanggala-402-mv-swift-pesawat-poseidon|archive-date=23 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-23|website=detiknews|language=id-ID}}{{Cite web|last=Aitken|first=Peter|date=2021-04-24|title=Indonesia submarine declared sunk, no hope of survivors|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/indonesia-submarine-declared-sunk-no-hope-of-survivors|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424114948/https://www.foxnews.com/world/indonesia-submarine-declared-sunk-no-hope-of-survivors|archive-date=2021-04-24|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Associated Press}}

On 23 April, the Indonesian National Police also sent four police ships equipped with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and sonar devices.{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-04-23|title=Polri Kerahkan 4 Kapal Bantu Cari KRI Nanggala-402|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/23/13055181/polri-kerahkan-4-kapal-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|access-date=2021-04-24|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424114600/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/23/13055181/polri-kerahkan-4-kapal-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|url-status=live}} Fleet Commander Australia, Rear Admiral Mark Hammond announced that HMAS Ballarat and HMAS Sirius would join the search operation.{{Cite web|last=Hodge|first=Amanda|date=23 April 2021|title=Australian warships join submarine search; oxygen to run out in hours|url=https://www.9news.com.au/national/indonesia-submarine-australian-warships-join-search-krinanggala402/8ce77be2-ecc9-4cc8-bb57-13acd192b618|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210423122340/https://www.9news.com.au/national/indonesia-submarine-australian-warships-join-search-krinanggala402/8ce77be2-ecc9-4cc8-bb57-13acd192b618|archive-date=23 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-23|website=www.theaustralian.com.au}} Other nations, including Germany, France, Russia, Turkey, and Thailand, offered assistance.{{Cite news|last=Renuki H.|first=Rendy|date=22 April 2021|title=10 Negara Siap Bantu Pencarian Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala 402|work=Medcom|url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/9K55JQBK-10-negara-siap-bantu-pencarian-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402|url-status=live|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423111015/https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/9K55JQBK-10-negara-siap-bantu-pencarian-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-402|archive-date=23 April 2021}}

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| image2 = Dubes Donovan Mengunjungi Kepulauan Natuna - Flickr id 45902678911 (Harry Setyawan).jpg

| footer = Lt. Col Heri Oktavian (left) and Colonel Harry Setyawan, commanders aboard Nanggala when it sank in 2021

| alt1 = Lieutenant Colonel Heri Oktavian

| alt2 = Colonel Harry Setyawan

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| type = point | coord = {{coord|7|48|56|S|114|51|20|E}} | marker-color = #000000

| text = The location where Nanggala was found

}}

On 24 April 2021, the Indonesian Navy announced the finding of debris, including a part associated with torpedo tubes, a coolant pipe insulator, a bottle of periscope grease, and prayer rugs.{{Cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|title=Kepingan Komponen KRI Nanggala-402 Ditemukan, Diduga Ada Keretakan|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5544906/kepingan-komponen-kri-nanggala-402-ditemukan-diduga-ada-keretakan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424114830/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5544906/kepingan-komponen-kri-nanggala-402-ditemukan-diduga-ada-keretakan|archive-date=2021-04-24|access-date=2021-04-24|website=detiknews|language=id-ID}}{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/world/asia/indonesia-submarine-missing.html#:~:text=The%20Nanggala%20was%20built%20to,certainly%20fracture%20from%20the%20pressure. |title=Debris From Indonesian Submarine Is Found, Ending Hopes of Rescue |first1=Hannah |last1=Beech |first2=Muktita |last2=Suhartono |work=The New York Times |date=24 April 2021 |access-date=24 April 2021 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424091915/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/24/world/asia/indonesia-submarine-missing.html#:~:text=The%20Nanggala%20was%20built%20to,certainly%20fracture%20from%20the%20pressure. |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|last2=Rompies|first1=Chris|last1=Barrett|first2=Karuni|date=24 April 2021|title=Indonesian submarine declared sunk after debris found|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/indonesian-submarine-declared-sunk-after-debris-found-20210424-p57m33.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424112904/https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/indonesian-submarine-declared-sunk-after-debris-found-20210424-p57m33.html|archive-date=2021-04-24|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}} Because the debris was found within {{cvt|10|nmi}} of the point of last contact and no other vessels were believed to be in the area, the debris was believed to have come from the submarine, and Nanggala was declared sunk.{{r|smh}}{{efn|In addition, Korean writing was found on some of the debris, and Nanggala had been refitted in South Korea in 2012.{{r|nytimes.debris}}}} Yudo Margono stated that a sonar scan had shown the submarine at a depth of {{cvt|850|m|sigfig=2}},{{Cite web|title=Indonesian Navy says missing KRI Nanggala 402 sank|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/04/24/indonesian-navy-says-missing-kri-nanggala-402-submarine-sank.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210424113102/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2021/04/24/indonesian-navy-says-missing-kri-nanggala-402-submarine-sank.html|archive-date=2021-04-24|access-date=2021-04-24|website=The Jakarta Post}} and its crush depth was presumed to be {{cvt|500|m}}. Due to the maximum operational depth limitation of {{cvt|800|m}} of Rigel{{'}}s two underwater ROVs, Rigel was unable to launch them and was assisted by the submarine rescue ship MV Swift Rescue of the Republic of Singapore Navy, which launched its {{convert|1,000|m|adj=on}} depth-capable drone and located and made visual contact with Nanggala at 09:04.{{Cite web|date=2021-04-25|title=KASAL: KRI Nanggala-402 karam terbelah tiga|url=http://bisnismetro.id/kasal-kri-nanggala-402-karam-terbelah-tiga/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Bisnis Metro|language=id-ID|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609131647/http://bisnismetro.id/kasal-kri-nanggala-402-karam-terbelah-tiga/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Mengenal MV Swift Rescue Milik Singapura dan KRI Rigel TNI yang Temukan KRI Nanggala-402|url=https://voi.id/bernas/47124/mengenal-mv-swift-rescue-milik-singapura-dan-kri-rigel-tni-yang-temukan-kri-nanggala-402|access-date=2021-06-09|website=VOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan|language=id|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506123416/https://voi.id/bernas/47124/mengenal-mv-swift-rescue-milik-singapura-dan-kri-rigel-tni-yang-temukan-kri-nanggala-402|url-status=live}}

On 25 April 2021, the Indonesian Navy confirmed that the Nanggala had imploded and that all 53 personnel on board were lost.{{Cite web|last=Persada|first=Syailendra|date=2021-04-25|title=Panglima TNI Pastikan 53 Kru KRI Nanggala Dipastikan Gugur|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1456195/panglima-tni-pastikan-53-kru-kri-nanggala-dipastikan-gugur|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Tempo|language=en|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425104812/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1456195/panglima-tni-pastikan-53-kru-kri-nanggala-dipastikan-gugur|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|title=Panglima TNI: Seluruh Awak KRI Nanggala-402 Gugur|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545944/panglima-tni-seluruh-awak-kri-nanggala-402-gugur|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425111555/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545944/panglima-tni-seluruh-awak-kri-nanggala-402-gugur|archive-date=2021-04-25|access-date=2021-04-25|website=detiknews|language=id-ID}} Underwater scans identified parts of the submarine, including the rudder, diving plane, anchor, and external parts of the pressure hull, as well as items such as an MK11 submarine escape suit.{{Cite web|last=detikcom|first=Tim|title=Bukti-bukti Otentik yang Menyatakan Awak KRI Nanggala-402 Gugur|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545949/bukti-bukti-otentik-yang-menyatakan-awak-kri-nanggala-402-gugur|access-date=2021-04-25|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425111401/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545949/bukti-bukti-otentik-yang-menyatakan-awak-kri-nanggala-402-gugur|url-status=live}}

The ROV Super Spartan{{clarify|date=April 2023}} from MV Swift Rescue of the Singapore Navy first made visual contact with the wreck and determined that the submarine had split into three parts.{{cite news |title=Sunken missing Indonesian submarine found imploded, officials say 53 crew members dead |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-authorities-say-missing-submarine-found-53-crew-dead |access-date=25 April 2021 |work=The Straits Times |date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=27 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427173820/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-authorities-say-missing-submarine-found-53-crew-dead |url-status=live }} Using a multibeam echosounder, KRI Rigel confirmed the final position of Nanggala at a depth of {{cvt|838|m}} at the coordinates {{coord|7|48|56|S|114|51|20|E|type:event_region:ID|display=inline,title}}, roughly {{cvt|1500|yd|order=flip}} from where Nanggala had dived.{{Cite web|last=JawaPos.com|date=2021-04-25|title=KRI Nanggala-402 Tenggelam dan Terbelah Jadi Tiga Bagian|url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/25/04/2021/kri-nanggala-402-tenggelam-dan-terbelah-jadi-tiga-bagian/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=JawaPos.com|language=id|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609131645/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/25/04/2021/kri-nanggala-402-tenggelam-dan-terbelah-jadi-tiga-bagian/|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|title=Tenggelam, KRI Nanggala-402 Terbelah Jadi 3 Bagian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425121938/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545952/tenggelam-kri-nanggala-402-terbelah-jadi-3-bagian|archive-date=2021-04-25|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545952/tenggelam-kri-nanggala-402-terbelah-jadi-3-bagian|access-date=2021-04-25|website=detiknews|language=id-ID}}{{Cite web|last=Romadoni|first=Ahmad|title=Panglima TNI: KRI Nanggala Ditemukan, Seluruh Awak Kapal Selam Telah Gugur|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/panglima-tni-kri-nanggala-ditemukan-seluruh-awak-kapal-selam-telah-gugur-1vcckNUm4x9|access-date=2021-04-25|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425104004/https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/panglima-tni-kri-nanggala-ditemukan-seluruh-awak-kapal-selam-telah-gugur-1vcckNUm4x9|url-status=live}}

Analysis

= Cause =

The Navy said Nanggala might have had a power outage. The boat had experienced a power outage before because of a blown electrical fuse, but the boat successfully recovered after the ship executed an emergency main ballast tank blow.{{Cite web|title=KRI Nanggala 402 Pernah Alami Black Out, Ceritanya Bikin Merinding - SINDOnews|url=https://video.sindonews.com/play/20590/kri-nanggala-402-pernah-alami-black-out-ceritanya-bikin-merinding|access-date=2021-06-09|website=SINDOnews.com|language=id-ID|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609144031/https://video.sindonews.com/play/20590/kri-nanggala-402-pernah-alami-black-out-ceritanya-bikin-merinding|url-status=live}} After the finding of debris from Nanggala, Yudo Margono said the submarine might have cracked instead of exploded, as an explosion would have been detected by sonar.{{Cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|title=KSAL: KRI Nanggala-402 Alami Keretakan, Bukan Ledakan|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5544965/ksal-kri-nanggala-402-alami-keretakan-bukan-ledakan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424114600/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/23/13055181/polri-kerahkan-4-kapal-bantu-cari-kri-nanggala-402|archive-date=2021-04-24|access-date=2021-04-24|website=detiknews|language=id-ID}}

Indonesian legislator and retired Major General Tubagus Hasanuddin suspected the refit, performed by the South Korean firm DSME in 2012, may not have been performed properly. He said that after the refit, the submarine had failed a torpedo firing test, which resulted in three deaths. Hasanuddin also said Nanggala had exceeded its design capacity of 38 with 53 people on board when it sank. Yudo Margono said the vessel was combat ready, had received a letter of acceptance, and had a history of successful firing exercises.{{Cite web|last=detikcom|first=Tim|title=TB Hasanuddin Duga Retrofit KRI Nanggala-402 di Korsel Gagal|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545678/tb-hasanuddin-duga-retrofit-kri-nanggala-402-di-korsel-gagal|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425115243/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545678/tb-hasanuddin-duga-retrofit-kri-nanggala-402-di-korsel-gagal|archive-date=2021-04-25|access-date=2021-04-25|website=detiknews|language=id-ID}} Hasanuddin also questioned why 53 people were allowed on board the Nanggala when it sunk despite the ship only being designed for 34 crew.{{Cite web|last=Newdick|first=Thomas|title=The Search Is On For A Missing Indonesian Navy Submarine|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/40270/the-search-is-on-for-an-indonesian-submarine-posted-missing-after-a-torpedo-exercise-off-bali|access-date=2021-06-10|website=The Drive|date=21 April 2021 |language=en|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610040129/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/40270/the-search-is-on-for-an-indonesian-submarine-posted-missing-after-a-torpedo-exercise-off-bali|url-status=live}}

= Alleged poor maintenance =

Nanggala commander Lt. Col. Heri Oktavian, who died in the incident, had voiced his frustration with the maintenance status of the Nanggala to Edna C. Pattisna, a close friend, who is also a reporter with local news media Kompas, for which she published an article titled Message from KRI Nanggala-402 Commander.{{cite news |last1=Pattisina |first1=Edna C |title=Pesan dari Komandan KRI Nanggala-402 |url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/di-balik-berita/2021/04/25/pesan-dari-komandan-kri-nanggala-402/ |access-date=19 July 2021 |work=KOMPAS |date=25 April 2021 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717142246/https://www.kompas.id/baca/di-balik-berita/2021/04/25/pesan-dari-komandan-kri-nanggala-402 |url-status=live }} Oktavian claimed that the workmanship quality and maintenance services performed by state-owned shipyard PT PAL Indonesia were unsatisfactory and suffered from frequent delays.

He lamented that an officer encountered criticism from his superiors for reporting the poor workmanship by PT PAL on the KRI Alugoro, a Changbogo-class submarine assembled by PT PAL's Surabaya yard and launched on 11 April 2019.{{Cite web|last=Zainuddin|first=Hasbi|date=2021-04-26|title=Overhaul, Mesin KRI Nanggala-402 Harusnya Dibongkar-Turun Mesin Sejak 2020: Komandan Kapal Pernah Curhat|url=https://makassar.terkini.id/overhaul-mesin-kri-nanggala-402-harusnya-dibongkar-turun-mesin-sejak-2020-komandan-kapal-pernah-curhat/|access-date=2021-06-09|website=Makassar Terkini|language=id-ID|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609144032/https://makassar.terkini.id/overhaul-mesin-kri-nanggala-402-harusnya-dibongkar-turun-mesin-sejak-2020-komandan-kapal-pernah-curhat/|url-status=live}} Oktavian was also quoted as saying: "This submarine (the Alugoro) by PT PAL, there's nothing good about it".{{Cite web|title=Sampai Berani Sebut 'Enggak Ada yang Benar-benar Bagus', Komandan KRI Nanggala-402 Heri Oktavian Keluhkan Kapal Selam Buatan PT PAL yang Dinilainya Hanya Bisa Lakukan Ini|url=https://intisari.grid.id/read/032669338/sampai-berani-sebut-enggak-ada-yang-benar-benar-bagus-komandan-kri-nanggala-402-heri-oktavian-keluhkan-kapal-selam-buatan-pt-pal-yang-dinilainya-hanya-bisa-laku|access-date=2021-06-09|website=intisari.grid.id|language=id|archive-date=9 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609144032/https://intisari.grid.id/read/032669338/sampai-berani-sebut-enggak-ada-yang-benar-benar-bagus-komandan-kri-nanggala-402-heri-oktavian-keluhkan-kapal-selam-buatan-pt-pal-yang-dinilainya-hanya-bisa-laku|url-status=live}} Nanggala was last serviced by PT PAL in 2020.{{Cite news|title=Tragedi kapal selam KRI Nanggala: Kecelakaan ketiga libatkan kapal tua TNI, apa dampaknya bagi keamanan laut?|language=id|work=BBC News Indonesia|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-56799975|access-date=2021-06-10|archive-date=10 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610040132/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-56799975|url-status=live}} No further refitting of Nanggala was requested to DSME after the 2012 refit despite the need for submarines to undergo maintenance at least once every six years.{{cite news|author=Jo Kwang-hyun|date=2021-04-23|title='실종 인도네시아 잠수함'...대우조선, 귀책사유 없다|work=Asia Times|url=https://www.asiatime.co.kr/article/20210423500075|language=ko|access-date=28 April 2021|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428094210/https://www.asiatime.co.kr/article/20210423500075|url-status=live}}{{cite news|date=2021-04-22|title=53명 태우고 사라진 인니 잠수함, 왜 무리한 훈련 나섰나|work=Hankook Ilbo|url=https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2021042213100000953?did=NA|language=ko|access-date=28 April 2021|archive-date=28 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428095230/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2021042213100000953?did=NA|url-status=live}}

Aftermath

File:120530-N-MB542-014 (7315405298) (Rahmat Eko Rahardjo).jpg

After the Indonesian Navy declared Nanggala lost with all hands, the People's Consultative Assembly recommended a posthumous promotion for all personnel on board.{{Cite web|last=Muhammad|first=Rivan|date=2021-04-25|title=Gugur Saat Bertugas, Seluruh Awak KRI Nanggala-402 Direkomendasikan Terima Kenaikan Pangkat Anumerta|url=https://bekasi.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-121825302/gugur-saat-bertugas-seluruh-awak-kri-nanggala-402-direkomendasikan-terima-kenaikan-pangkat-anumerta|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Pikiran Rakyat Bekasi|language=id|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425104026/https://bekasi.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/pr-121825302/gugur-saat-bertugas-seluruh-awak-kri-nanggala-402-direkomendasikan-terima-kenaikan-pangkat-anumerta|url-status=live}} Hadi Tjahjanto stated that he would propose the promotions to Indonesian President Joko Widodo.{{Cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|title=Gugur, 53 Awak KRI Nanggala-402 Akan Diberi Kenaikan Pangkat|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545970/gugur-53-awak-kri-nanggala-402-akan-diberi-kenaikan-pangkat|access-date=2021-04-25|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425114516/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545970/gugur-53-awak-kri-nanggala-402-akan-diberi-kenaikan-pangkat|url-status=live}} A day later, on 26 April, Joko Widodo announced that the government would award a posthumous promotion and confer posthumously the Bintang Jalasena (Navy Meritorious Service Star) to everyone on board Nanggala.{{Cite web|last=Nugraheny|first=Dian Erika|date=2021-04-26|title=Pemerintah Beri Penghargaan Naik Pangkat ke 53 Awak KRI Nanggala-402 yang Gugur|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/26/12471791/pemerintah-beri-penghargaan-naik-pangkat-ke-53-awak-kri-nanggala-402-yang|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Kompas|language=id|archive-date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426080238/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/26/12471791/pemerintah-beri-penghargaan-naik-pangkat-ke-53-awak-kri-nanggala-402-yang|url-status=live}} The ceremony conferring the awards and promotions was held on 29 April, attended by Joko Widodo,{{Cite web|last=Hafidha|first=Selma Intania|date=2021-04-30|title=6 Momen Kenaikan Pangkat Luar Biasa Kepada Awak KRI Nanggala 402, Penuh Haru|url=https://hot.liputan6.com/read/4546355/6-momen-kenaikan-pangkat-luar-biasa-kepada-awak-kri-nanggala-402-penuh-haru|access-date=2021-05-01|website=Liputan 6|language=id|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501140530/https://hot.liputan6.com/read/4546355/6-momen-kenaikan-pangkat-luar-biasa-kepada-awak-kri-nanggala-402-penuh-haru|url-status=live}} Minister of Defense Prabowo Subianto, Hadi Tjahjanto, and Yudo Margono.{{Cite web|last=Yahya|first=Achmad Nasrudin|date=2021-04-29|title=Prajurit KRI Nanggala yang Gugur Dapat Anugerah Tanda Kehormatan dan Kenaikan Pangkat Luar Biasa|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/29/12462211/prajurit-kri-nanggala-yang-gugur-dapat-anugerah-tanda-kehormatan-dan|access-date=2021-05-01|website=Kompas|language=id|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516102211/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/29/12462211/prajurit-kri-nanggala-yang-gugur-dapat-anugerah-tanda-kehormatan-dan|url-status=live}}{{efn|All awardees received the Bintang Jalasena Nararya 'Navy Meritorious Service Star, Third Class'.{{r|kompas.award}}}}

Tubagus Hasanuddin recommended that the Indonesian Navy's remaining Cakra-class submarine be taken out of service. Parliamentarian Utut Adianto stated that Indonesia's defences required modernization.{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Tenggelamnya KRI Nanggala Sinyal Darurat Peremajaan Alutsista|url=https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/22/tenggelamnya-kri-nanggala-sinyal-darurat-peremajaan-alutsista/|access-date=2021-04-26|website=kompas.id|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516102212/https://www.kompas.id/baca/polhuk/2021/04/22/tenggelamnya-kri-nanggala-sinyal-darurat-peremajaan-alutsista/|url-status=live}} Frans Wuwung, former head of the engine room of Nanggala, stated that despite the submarine's age, its equipment was still in good condition due to proper maintenance and did not consider such a modernization necessary.{{Cite web|last=Wibowo|first=Kukuh S.|date=2021-04-24|title=Eks KKM KRI Nanggala Minta Hilangnya Kapal Tak Dikaitkan Peremajaan Alutsista|url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1455716/eks-kkm-kri-nanggala-minta-hilangnya-kapal-tak-dikaitkan-peremajaan-alutsista|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Tempo|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426041640/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1455716/eks-kkm-kri-nanggala-minta-hilangnya-kapal-tak-dikaitkan-peremajaan-alutsista|url-status=live}}

Two days after the sub had been declared sunk, Rahmat Eko Rahardjo, the commander of the 2nd Fleet Naval Combat Squad who had given permission for Nanggala to dive,{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-04-21|title=Kronologi Hilangnya Kapal Selam Nanggala-402 di Utara Bali Halaman all|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/04110041/kronologi-hilangnya-kapal-selam-nanggala-402-di-utara-bali|access-date=2021-05-01|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516102214/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/22/04110041/kronologi-hilangnya-kapal-selam-nanggala-402-di-utara-bali|url-status=live}} and ING Sudihartawan, the commander of the 2nd Fleet, were relieved of their commands by Hadi Tjahjanto. Hadi appointed Iwan Isnurwanto, a former Nanggala crew member and chief of staff,{{Cite web|title=Profil Iwan Isnurwanto, Eks Awak KRI Nanggala Kini Jabat Panglima Koarmada II|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/profil-iwan-isnurwanto-eks-awak-kri-nanggala-kini-jabat-panglima-koarmada-ii-1vdmKQmjEq5|access-date=2021-05-03|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|archive-date=3 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503054932/https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/profil-iwan-isnurwanto-eks-awak-kri-nanggala-kini-jabat-panglima-koarmada-ii-1vdmKQmjEq5|url-status=live}} to replace the latter.{{Cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-04-28|title=Panglima TNI Mutasi Panglima Komando Armada II hingga Kapuspen Halaman all|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/28/16543621/panglima-tni-mutasi-panglima-komando-armada-ii-hingga-kapuspen?page=all|access-date=2021-05-01|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501132836/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/28/16543621/panglima-tni-mutasi-panglima-komando-armada-ii-hingga-kapuspen?page=all|url-status=live}} Iwan later appointed Wirawan Ady Prasetya — another Nanggala commander — to replace the position that Harry had left posthumously.{{Cite news|last=Arsilan|first=Rifki|date=25 May 2021|title=Kolonel Wirawan Jadi Dansatsel Ganti Posisi Komandan KRI Nanggala 402|work=Viva|url=https://www.viva.co.id/militer/militer-indonesia/1375153-kolonel-wirawan-jadi-dansatsel-ganti-posisi-komandan-kri-nanggala-402?page=all|access-date=22 August 2021|archive-date=16 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516102215/https://www.viva.co.id/militer/militer-indonesia/1375153-kolonel-wirawan-jadi-dansatsel-ganti-posisi-komandan-kri-nanggala-402?page=all|url-status=live}}

= Reactions =

[[File:USS Frank Cable (AS 40) holds a wreath laying ceremony in the Java Sea. (52247228456).jpg|thumb|US sailors aboard {{USS|

Frank Cable}} hold a wreath-laying ceremony in honor of Nanggala in 2022]]

Condolences were expressed by the King of Malaysia,{{Cite web|last=Sunday|first=25 Apr 2021 06:48 PM MYT|title=Agong, Permaisuri express condolences to Indonesian president, people over submarine tragedy {{!}} Malay Mail|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2021/04/25/agong-permaisuri-express-condolences-to-indonesian-president-people-over-su/1969362|access-date=2021-04-25|website=www.malaymail.com|date=25 April 2021 |language=en|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425150847/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2021/04/25/agong-permaisuri-express-condolences-to-indonesian-president-people-over-su/1969362|url-status=live}} Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison,{{Cite web|date=26 April 2021|title=PM sends Indonesia condolences over sub|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/pm-sends-indonesia-condolences-over-213422703.html|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Yahoo News|language=en-AU|archive-date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426080545/https://au.news.yahoo.com/pm-sends-indonesia-condolences-over-213422703.html|url-status=live}} the South Korean Ministry of Defense,{{Cite web|first=Benedikta|last=Miranti T.V|date=2021-04-22|title=Kemenhan Korea Selatan Ucapkan Belasungkawa Atas Hilangnya KRI Nanggala 402|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4539419/kemenhan-korea-selatan-ucapkan-belasungkawa-atas-hilangnya-kri-nanggala-402|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425035050/https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4539419/kemenhan-korea-selatan-ucapkan-belasungkawa-atas-hilangnya-kri-nanggala-402|archive-date=25 April 2021|access-date=2021-04-24|website=liputan6.com|language=id}} Singapore Defence Minister Ng Eng Hen and Senior Minister Teo Chee Hean,{{Cite web|title=All 53 on board sunken Indonesian submarine confirmed dead, more debris found: Military chief|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-missing-submarine-53-confirmed-dead-14690694|access-date=2021-04-25|website=CNA|language=en|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425150857/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/indonesia-missing-submarine-53-confirmed-dead-14690694|url-status=live}} the UK's Minister of State for Asia, Nigel Adams, and ambassador to Indonesia, Owen Jenkins.{{Cite web|first=Benedikta|last=Miranti T.V|date=2021-04-24|title=Menlu dan Dubes Inggris Ucapkan Bela Sungkawa atas Tragedi KRI Nanggala 402|url=https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4541176/menlu-dan-dubes-inggris-ucapkan-bela-sungkawa-atas-tragedi-kri-nanggala-402|access-date=2021-04-24|website=liputan6.com|language=id|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425035047/https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4541176/menlu-dan-dubes-inggris-ucapkan-bela-sungkawa-atas-tragedi-kri-nanggala-402|url-status=live}} United States Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed his "heartfelt concern" in a call with Prabowo Subianto.{{Cite web|title=Readout of Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin III Phone Call With Indonesian Minister of Defense, Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2583427/readout-of-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-austin-iii-phone-call-with-indonesian-min/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-24|website=U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423193104/https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Releases/Release/Article/2583427/readout-of-secretary-of-defense-lloyd-austin-iii-phone-call-with-indonesian-min/}}

During the search, use of the hashtag #PrayForKRINanggala402 and #KRINanggala402 became popular on Twitter.{{Cite web|first=Dandy Bayu|last=Bramasta|editor-first=Rendika Ferri|editor-last=Kurniawan|date=2021-04-24|title=#PrayForKRINanggala402, Doa Warganet KRI Nanggala-402 Segera Ditemukan Halaman all|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/04/24/130000265/-prayforkrinanggala402-doa-warganet-kri-nanggala-402-segera-ditemukan|access-date=2021-04-24|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425035044/https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2021/04/24/130000265/-prayforkrinanggala402-doa-warganet-kri-nanggala-402-segera-ditemukan|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last=Batubara|first=Puteranegara|date=2021-04-22|title=Trending Topic di Twitter, Warganet Berdoa KRI Nanggala 402 Segera Ditemukan : Okezone Nasional|url=https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2021/04/22/337/2398840/trending-topic-di-twitter-warganet-berdoa-kri-nanggala-402-segera-ditemukan|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Okezone|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425082228/https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2021/04/22/337/2398840/trending-topic-di-twitter-warganet-berdoa-kri-nanggala-402-segera-ditemukan|url-status=live}} After Nanggala had been declared sunk, the phrases "On Eternal Patrol" and "Rest In Peace", and the motto Wira Ananta Rudira (Sanskrit: Steadfast to the End), used by the submarine unit to which Nanggala belonged, saw increased usage.{{Cite web|last=Puteri|first=Bertilia|title='On Eternal Patrol' Trending Usai Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala-402 Dinyatakan Tenggelam|url=https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00362317.html|access-date=2021-04-24|website=WowKeren.com|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425035045/https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00362317.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Tenggelamnya Kapal Selam KRI Nanggala dan Semboyan Wira Ananta Rudira|url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/tenggelamnya-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-dan-semboyan-wira-ananta-rudira-1vcMkpMgBSE|access-date=2021-04-25|website=kumparan|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425051136/https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/tenggelamnya-kapal-selam-kri-nanggala-dan-semboyan-wira-ananta-rudira-1vcMkpMgBSE|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Berlomba Dengan Waktu, Rest In Peace KRI Nanggala 402 Trending di Twitter, Tim Optimalkan Pencarian|url=https://bangka.tribunnews.com/2021/04/24/berlomba-dengan-waktu-rest-in-peace-kri-nanggala-402-trending-di-twitter-tim-optimalkan-pencarian|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Bangka Pos|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425083307/https://bangka.tribunnews.com/2021/04/24/berlomba-dengan-waktu-rest-in-peace-kri-nanggala-402-trending-di-twitter-tim-optimalkan-pencarian|url-status=live}}

Salvage

On {{dts|2021.05.03|format=dm}}, two Chinese navy ships, ocean tug Nantuo (195) and ocean salvage and rescue ship Yongxingdao (863), arrived to assist with the recovery of the wreck.{{r|usni.plan}} Scientific research vessel Explorer 2 was scheduled to arrive the next day.{{r|usni.plan|smh.liferaft}}{{efn|Explorer 2 is also known by its Chinese name Tan Suo Er Hao.{{r|usni.plan|smh.liferaft}}}} There have also been discussions between the Indonesian Navy and state-owned oil regulator SKK Migas to raise the submarine.{{cite news|last1=Mahadzir|first1=Dzirhan|date=4 May 2021|title=Chinese Navy to Help with Recovery of Indonesian Sub Wreck|work=USNI News|url=https://news.usni.org/2021/05/04/chinese-navy-to-help-with-recovery-of-indonesian-sub-wreck|access-date=6 May 2021|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516125636/https://news.usni.org/2021/05/04/chinese-navy-to-help-with-recovery-of-indonesian-sub-wreck|url-status=live}}

By {{dts|2021.05.18|format=dm}}, the team had successfully recovered two life rafts that weighed approximately {{cvt|700|kg|lb}} each.{{r|smh.liferaft}} However, they had yet to locate the submarine's pressure hull, and gave up on lifting the bridge after a sling was broken during a failed attempt, as the bridge likely weighed over {{convert|20|t|kg lb}}.{{cite web|last1=Barrett|first1=Chris|last2=Rompies|first2=Karuni|date=18 May 2021|title=Lost submarine fragments found on bottom of ocean but no bodies|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/lost-submarine-fragments-found-on-bottom-of-ocean-but-no-bodies-20210518-p57szv.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210525204526/https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/lost-submarine-fragments-found-on-bottom-of-ocean-but-no-bodies-20210518-p57szv.html|archive-date=25 May 2021|access-date=16 October 2021|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}{{cite web|last=Suadnyana|first=Sui|date=18 May 2021|title=Liferaft KRI Nanggala Berhasil Diangkat, Anjungan Kapal Masih Tertahan|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5573261/liferaft-kri-nanggala-berhasil-diangkat-anjungan-kapal-masih-tertahan|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210525211646/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5573261/liferaft-kri-nanggala-berhasil-diangkat-anjungan-kapal-masih-tertahan|archive-date=25 May 2021|access-date=16 October 2021|work=detikcom|language=id}}

Government housing assistance for families

On 20 April 2022, Defense Minister Prabowo Subianto gave keys to housing built by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing to 53 families of the deceased crew.{{Cite web |title=JPNN |url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/lihat-prabowo-serahkan-kunci-sertifikat-perumahan-khusus-kepada-ahli-waris-pahlawan-kri-nanggala-402 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=www.jpnn.com |language=id}}{{Cite web |last=PUPR |date=19 December 2022 |title=Kementerian PUPR Selesaikan 53 unit Rumah Khusus Korban Nanggala 402 |url=http://www.perumahan.pu.go.id/news/kementerian-pupr-selesaikan-53-unit-rumah-khusus-korban-nanggala-402 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website= |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617103405/https://perumahan.pu.go.id/news/kementerian-pupr-selesaikan-53-unit-rumah-khusus-korban-nanggala-402 |url-status=dead }}

Notable former crew members

  • Rear Admiral Frans Wuwung, former head of engine room,{{Cite web|last=Gunawan|first=Deden|title=Kala Nanggala Cegah Australia Masuk Timtim Jelang Jajak Pendapat|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545862/kala-nanggala-cegah-australia-masuk-timtim-jelang-jajak-pendapat|access-date=2021-04-25|website=detiknews|language=id-ID|archive-date=25 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425135217/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5545862/kala-nanggala-cegah-australia-masuk-timtim-jelang-jajak-pendapat|url-status=live}} member of the House of Representatives (2001–2002).{{Cite web|first1=Dyah|last1=Kusuma|first2=Hario|last2=Dewanto|date=2001-04-28|title=TNI Membantah Pergantian Anggota Fraksi TNI/Polri Dadakan|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/11993/tni-membantah-pergantian-anggota-fraksi-tnipolri-dadakan|access-date=2021-04-25|website=liputan6.com|language=id|archive-date=16 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516175233/https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/11993/tni-membantah-pergantian-anggota-fraksi-tnipolri-dadakan|url-status=live}}
  • Admiral Muhammad Ali, former commander, 28th Chief of Staff of the Navy.{{cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/12/28/09075161/profil-laksdya-muhammad-ali-ksal-baru-mantan-komandan-kri-nanggala|title=Profil Laksdya Muhammad Ali, KSAL Baru Mantan Komandan KRI Nanggala|access-date=2023-11-15|date=2022-12-28|publisher=Kompas|language=id}}

See also

  • {{annotated link|Kursk submarine disaster|Kursk submarine disaster}}
  • {{ship|Chinese submarine|361}} – 2003 submarine disaster
  • {{annotated link|Disappearance of ARA San Juan|Disappearance of ARA San Juan}}
  • {{annotated link|Titan submersible implosion}}
  • List of submarine incidents since 2000

Notes

{{Notelist}}

References

{{reflist}}

{{Cakra-class submarine}}

{{2021 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nanggala (402)}}

Category:1980 ships

Category:Indonesian submarine accidents

Category:Lost submarines of Indonesia

Category:Maritime incidents in 2021

Category:Ships built in Kiel

Category:Submarines lost with all hands

Category:Shipwrecks of Indonesia

Category:Submarines of Indonesia

Category:Cakra-class submarines

Category:2021 disasters in Indonesia

Category:April 2021 in Indonesia