:Kawasaki, Kanagawa

{{Short description|City in Kantō, Japan}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Kawasaki

| native_name = {{nihongo2|川崎市}}

| official_name = Kawasaki City

| settlement_type = Designated city

| image_skyline = Kawasaki montage.jpg

| imagesize =

| image_alt =

| image_caption = Kawasaki Daishi, Tama River, Lazona Kawasaki Plaza, Musashi-Kosugi area, Todoroki Athletics Stadium, Keihin industrial area

| image_flag = Flag of Kawasaki, Kanagawa.svg

| flag_alt =

| image_seal = 神奈川県川崎市市章.svg

| seal_alt =

| image_shield =

| shield_alt =

| image_blank_emblem =

| nickname =

| motto =

| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9}}

| image_map1 = Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture Ja.svg

| map_alt1 =

| map_caption1 = Location of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture

| pushpin_map = Japan

| pushpin_label_position =

| pushpin_map_alt =

| pushpin_map_caption =  

| coordinates = {{coord|35|31|N|139|42|E|region:JP-14|display=it}}

| coor_pinpoint =

| coordinates_footnotes =

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = Japan

| subdivision_type1 = Region

| subdivision_name1 = Kantō

| subdivision_type2 = Prefecture

| subdivision_name2 = Kanagawa Prefecture

| subdivision_type3 =

| subdivision_name3 =

| established_title = First official recorded

| established_date = late 4th century

| established_title2 = City Settled

| established_date2 = July 1, 1924

| founder =

| named_for =

| seat_type =

| seat =

| government_footnotes =

| leader_party =

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_name = Norihiko Fukuda

| leader_title1 =

| leader_name1 =

| total_type =

| unit_pref =

| area_magnitude =

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 =143.01

| area_land_km2 =

| area_water_km2 =

| area_water_percent =

| area_note =

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m =

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 1,531,646

| population_as_of = January 1, 2020

| population_density_km2 = auto

| population_est =

| pop_est_as_of =

| population_demonym =

| population_note =

| timezone1 = Japan Standard Time

| utc_offset1 = +9

| postal_code_type =

| postal_code =

| area_code_type =

| area_code =

| blank_name_sec1 = City Symbols

| blank1_name_sec1 = - Tree

| blank1_info_sec1 = Camellia

| blank2_name_sec1 = - Flower

| blank2_info_sec1 = Azalea

| blank3_name_sec1 =

| blank3_info_sec1 =

| blank4_name_sec1 =

| blank4_info_sec1 =

| blank5_name_sec1 =

| blank5_info_sec1 =

| blank6_name_sec1 =

| blank6_info_sec1 =

| blank7_name_sec1 =

| blank7_info_sec1 =

| blank_name_sec2 = Phone number

| blank_info_sec2 = 044-200-2111

| blank1_name_sec2 = Address

| blank1_info_sec2 = 1 Miyamoto-chō, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa-ken 210-8577

| website = {{Official URL}}

| footnotes =

}}

Kawasaki,{{efn|{{langx|ja|川崎}} {{Transliteration|ja|Kawasaki}}, {{IPA|ja|ka̠β̞a̠sa̠kʲi||TomJ-Kawasaki.ogg}}}} officially the Kawasaki City,{{efn|{{langx|ja|川崎市|label=none}}, {{Transliteration|ja|Kawasaki-shi}}}} is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, one of the main cities of the Greater Tokyo Area and Keihin Industrial Area. It is the second most populated city in Kanagawa Prefecture after Yokohama, and the eighth most populated city in Japan (including the Tokyo Metropolitan Area).{{Cite web |url=http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/ex/stat/jinko/city/new-e.html |title=Population News of Major Cities|date=September 1, 2015 |access-date=2017-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113184700/http://www.city.yokohama.lg.jp/ex/stat/jinko/city/new-e.html |archive-date=2016-01-13 |url-status=dead|publisher=Statistical Information Division, Policy Bureau, City of Yokohama}}

{{As of|2017|10|01|df=US}}, the city has an estimated population of 1,503,690, with 716,470 households, and a population density of 10,000 persons per km2. Kawasaki is the only city in Japan with more than one million inhabitants that is not a prefectural capital. The total area is {{convert|142.70|km2|2|abbr=on}}.

History

= Prehistoric and ancient era =

Archaeological evidence from the Japanese Paleolithic and Jōmon period can only be found in the northwest Tama Hills. The course of the Tama and the coast of the Bay of Tokyo have also changed in historical times, so that large parts of the urban area are geologically young.

= Classical era =

== Nara period to the Sengoku period ==

With the introduction of the Ritsuryō legal system, the area came to the Musashi Province in the 7th century. In the Nara period, the center of the Tachibana district was probably in the area of today's Takatsu district. Since the Heian period, the domain of the Inage clan has expanded here. Around the Heiken-ji Buddhist temple (better known as Kawasaki-Daishi), founded in 1128, a monzen-machi, a busy district for the supply of pilgrims, soon emerged. Between the Kamakura period and Sengoku period, smaller feudal lords ruled the area until it finally came under the control of the Later Hōjō clan.

= Early modern =

In 1611, Koizumi Jidayū had Nikaryō Yōsui built, a canal system on the right bank of the Tama for irrigating the fields, which in some cases still runs through the densely built-up city. On the long-distance Kaidō roads Tōkaidō and Nakaharakaidō built by Edo-Bakufu, stations were built in the area of what would later become Kawasaki, which increased its importance. The Kawasaki station (Kawasaki-juku, near today's Kawasaki station) on the Tōkaidō was not officially recognized until 1623 as the last of the 53 Tōkaidō stations. The Bakufu let the bridges over the Tama collapse and there were ferry connections to nearby Edo in several places in today's Kawasaki, which laid the foundation for the development of the city.

File:Kura-zukuri building kawasaki kanagawa 2014 08 09 250pm.jpg|Old building in the "Kura-zukuri" style on Oyama Kaido street

File:Rokugō_no_Watashi_in_the_1860%27s_photographed_by_Felice_Beato.jpg|Rokugō no Watashi in the 1860s photographed by Felice Beato

File:東海道五十三次之内_川崎_六郷渡舟-Ferry_Boat_Crossing_the_Rokugo_River_MET_DP122176.jpg|Ferry Boat Crossing the Rokugo River

= Modern =

The rapid urbanization of the area, which continues to this day, began in the Meiji and Taishō eras. In 1872, Kawasaki Station was established on the Tōkaidō Main Line which was Japan's first railway line.{{Cite web |title=Kawasaki Station {{!}} Japan Rail Pass |url=https://www.japan-rail-pass.com/plan-your-trip/travel-by-train/japanese-stations/kawasaki-station |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.japan-rail-pass.com |language=en}} In 1889, the city (machi) Kawasaki in the district (gun) Tachibana was created according to the Japanese municipal system introduced the year before. In 1912 the border between Kanagawa and Tokyo prefectures was established as the Tama River. On July 1, 1924, the independent city (shi-) of Kawasaki with 48,394 inhabitants was formed through a merger with the city of Daishi (formerly Daishigawara) and the village of Miyuki.Stadt Kawasaki: [http://www.city.kawasaki.jp/miryoku/category/63-1-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html Profil, 8. HISTORY einfach (Zeittafel zur Stadtgeschichte)]

People from the Korean peninsula were made to work in the industrial sector in the city,{{Cite web |title=総務省|一般戦災死没者の追悼|川崎市における戦災の状況(神奈川県) |url=https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/daijinkanbou/sensai/situation/state/kanto_22.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=総務省 |language=ja}} working on railways construction, or rebuilding roads damaged by U.S. bombings towards the end of WWII.{{Cite web |last=三国 |first=恵子 |title=川崎市の在日韓国・朝鮮人 - 集住過程と人口 |url=https://libir.josai.ac.jp/il/user_contents/02/G0000284repository/pdf/JOS-KJ00000557673.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Josai University |language=Japanese}} People from Okinawa were also coming to the city, and in 1924, the oldest Okinawans Association in Japan was founded in Kawasaki.{{Cite web |title=Worldwide Uchinanchu |url=https://wun.jp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/c6c9e2c7e38f4cad8d9098581406fb45.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=Okinawa Prefectural Government}}{{Cite web |date=2023-09-25 |title=故郷への思いを紡いで100年~川崎沖縄県人会~ |url=https://www.otv.co.jp/okitive/article/47967/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=OKITIVE |language=ja}}

== World War II ==

As part of World War II, the city was bombed three times by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) between April 1945 and July 1945. The most serious attack was an area bombing with Napalm bombs on April 15, 1945. The attacks destroyed around 35% of the urban area and claimed 1,520 dead and 8,759 injured. The attacks burned down 9.3 km2 of the city (see Bombing of Tokyo).{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Kawasaki became a target of the first mainland bombing by the US military in 1942, followed by multiple bombings, partly due to the city's heavy and chemical industrial complex supplying the war efforts in Asia and the Pacific.{{Cite web |title=総務省|一般戦災死没者の追悼|川崎市における戦災の状況(神奈川県) |url=https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/daijinkanbou/sensai/situation/state/kanto_22.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=総務省 |language=ja}}

= Contemporary period =

==Shōwa era (1945–1989)==

On April 15, 1945, large parts of the area around the train station and the industrial area at the port were destroyed by air raids. Since the 1950s, residential areas for commuters have been created in the northeastern part of the city, which are connected directly to the centers of Tokyo by new railway lines. On April 1, 1972, Kawasaki became a decree-designated city (seirei shitei toshi) with 5 districts. 1973 the population exceeded the million mark. In 1982 the new districts of Miyamae and Asao were created by splitting off from the districts of Takatsu and Tama. In the course of deindustrialization, industrial areas have recently been increasingly converted into residential areas (mostly Multi-family residential), so that a further increase in population density can be expected.

Geography

= Climate =

According, to the Köppen Climate Classification, it is a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). {{Weather box

| name =

| width =

| collapsed =

| open =

| metric first = yes

| single line = metric

| trace =

| location = Kawasaki (1991-2021 for everything apart from Sun Hours which is 1999-2019)

| temperature colour =

| Jan maximum humidex =

| Feb maximum humidex =

| Mar maximum humidex =

| Apr maximum humidex =

| May maximum humidex =

| Jun maximum humidex =

| Jul maximum humidex =

| Aug maximum humidex =

| Sep maximum humidex =

| Oct maximum humidex =

| Nov maximum humidex =

| Dec maximum humidex =

| year maximum humidex =

| Jan record high C =

| Feb record high C =

| Mar record high C =

| Apr record high C =

| May record high C =

| Jun record high C =

| Jul record high C =

| Aug record high C =

| Sep record high C =

| Oct record high C =

| Nov record high C =

| Dec record high C =

| year record high C =

| Jan avg record high C =

| Feb avg record high C =

| Mar avg record high C =

| Apr avg record high C =

| May avg record high C =

| Jun avg record high C =

| Jul avg record high C =

| Aug avg record high C =

| Sep avg record high C =

| Oct avg record high C =

| Nov avg record high C =

| Dec avg record high C =

| year avg record high C =

| Jan high C = 8.7

| Feb high C = 9.4

| Mar high C = 12.6

| Apr high C = 16.9

| May high C = 21.2

| Jun high C = 24.1

| Jul high C = 27.7

| Aug high C = 29.0

| Sep high C = 26.0

| Oct high C = 20.8

| Nov high C = 15.8

| Dec high C = 11.1

| year high C =

| Jan mean C = 4.8

| Feb mean C = 5.5

| Mar mean C = 8.8

| Apr mean C = 13.6

| May mean C = 18.1

| Jun mean C = 21.4

| Jul mean C = 25.1

| Aug mean C = 26.3

| Sep mean C = 23.3

| Oct mean C = 17.9

| Nov mean C = 12.6

| Dec mean C = 7.5

| year mean C =

| Jan low C = 1.6

| Feb low C = 2.2

| Mar low C = 5.3

| Apr low C = 10.4

| May low C = 15.3

| Jun low C = 19.2

| Jul low C = 23.0

| Aug low C = 24.2

| Sep low C = 21.0

| Oct low C = 15.5

| Nov low C = 9.8

| Dec low C = 4.4

| year low C =

| Jan avg record low C =

| Feb avg record low C =

| Mar avg record low C =

| Apr avg record low C =

| May avg record low C =

| Jun avg record low C =

| Jul avg record low C =

| Aug avg record low C =

| Sep avg record low C =

| Oct avg record low C =

| Nov avg record low C =

| Dec avg record low C =

| year avg record low C =

| Jan record low C =

| Feb record low C =

| Mar record low C =

| Apr record low C =

| May record low C =

| Jun record low C =

| Jul record low C =

| Aug record low C =

| Sep record low C =

| Oct record low C =

| Nov record low C =

| Dec record low C =

| year record low C =

| Jan chill =

| Feb chill =

| Mar chill =

| Apr chill =

| May chill =

| Jun chill =

| Jul chill =

| Aug chill =

| Sep chill =

| Oct chill =

| Nov chill =

| Dec chill =

| year chill =

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 75

| Feb precipitation mm = 79

| Mar precipitation mm = 125

| Apr precipitation mm = 117

| May precipitation mm = 132

| Jun precipitation mm = 165

| Jul precipitation mm = 137

| Aug precipitation mm = 112

| Sep precipitation mm = 189

| Oct precipitation mm = 206

| Nov precipitation mm = 106

| Dec precipitation mm = 65

| year precipitation mm =

| Jan precipitation cm =

| Feb precipitation cm =

| Mar precipitation cm =

| Apr precipitation cm =

| May precipitation cm =

| Jun precipitation cm =

| Jul precipitation cm =

| Aug precipitation cm =

| Sep precipitation cm =

| Oct precipitation cm =

| Nov precipitation cm =

| Dec precipitation cm =

| year precipitation cm =

| rain colour =

| Jan rain mm =

| Feb rain mm =

| Mar rain mm =

| Apr rain mm =

| May rain mm =

| Jun rain mm =

| Jul rain mm =

| Aug rain mm =

| Sep rain mm =

| Oct rain mm =

| Nov rain mm =

| Dec rain mm =

| year rain mm =

| Jan rain cm =

| Feb rain cm =

| Mar rain cm =

| Apr rain cm =

| May rain cm =

| Jun rain cm =

| Jul rain cm =

| Aug rain cm =

| Sep rain cm =

| Oct rain cm =

| Nov rain cm =

| Dec rain cm =

| year rain cm =

| snow colour =

| Jan snow mm =

| Feb snow mm =

| Mar snow mm =

| Apr snow mm =

| May snow mm =

| Jun snow mm =

| Jul snow mm =

| Aug snow mm =

| Sep snow mm =

| Oct snow mm =

| Nov snow mm =

| Dec snow mm =

| year snow mm =

| Jan snow cm =

| Feb snow cm =

| Mar snow cm =

| Apr snow cm =

| May snow cm =

| Jun snow cm =

| Jul snow cm =

| Aug snow cm =

| Sep snow cm =

| Oct snow cm =

| Nov snow cm =

| Dec snow cm =

| year snow cm =

| snow depth colour =

| Jan snow depth mm =

| Feb snow depth mm =

| Mar snow depth mm =

| Apr snow depth mm =

| May snow depth mm =

| Jun snow depth mm =

| Jul snow depth mm =

| Aug snow depth mm =

| Sep snow depth mm =

| Oct snow depth mm =

| Nov snow depth mm =

| Dec snow depth mm =

| year snow depth mm =

| Jan snow depth cm =

| Feb snow depth cm =

| Mar snow depth cm =

| Apr snow depth cm =

| May snow depth cm =

| Jun snow depth cm =

| Jul snow depth cm =

| Aug snow depth cm =

| Sep snow depth cm =

| Oct snow depth cm =

| Nov snow depth cm =

| Dec snow depth cm =

| year snow depth cm =

| unit precipitation days =

| precip days colour =

| Jan precipitation days = 5

| Feb precipitation days = 7

| Mar precipitation days = 9

| Apr precipitation days = 8

| May precipitation days = 9

| Jun precipitation days = 10

| Jul precipitation days = 9

| Aug precipitation days = 9

| Sep precipitation days = 10

| Oct precipitation days = 9

| Nov precipitation days = 7

| Dec precipitation days = 5

| year precipitation days =

| unit rain days =

| Jan rain days =

| Feb rain days =

| Mar rain days =

| Apr rain days =

| May rain days =

| Jun rain days =

| Jul rain days =

| Aug rain days =

| Sep rain days =

| Oct rain days =

| Nov rain days =

| Dec rain days =

| year rain days =

| unit snow days =

| Jan snow days =

| Feb snow days =

| Mar snow days =

| Apr snow days =

| May snow days =

| Jun snow days =

| Jul snow days =

| Aug snow days =

| Sep snow days =

| Oct snow days =

| Nov snow days =

| Dec snow days =

| year snow days =

| humidity colour =

| time day =

| daily =

| Jan humidity = 66

| Feb humidity = 68

| Mar humidity = 68

| Apr humidity = 73

| May humidity = 77

| Jun humidity = 83

| Jul humidity = 84

| Aug humidity = 81

| Sep humidity = 80

| Oct humidity = 77

| Nov humidity = 75

| Dec humidity = 69

| year humidity =

| Jan afthumidity =

| Feb afthumidity =

| Mar afthumidity =

| Apr afthumidity =

| May afthumidity =

| Jun afthumidity =

| Jul afthumidity =

| Aug afthumidity =

| Sep afthumidity =

| Oct afthumidity =

| Nov afthumidity =

| Dec afthumidity =

| year afthumidity =

| Jan dew point C =

| Feb dew point C =

| Mar dew point C =

| Apr dew point C =

| May dew point C =

| Jun dew point C =

| Jul dew point C =

| Aug dew point C =

| Sep dew point C =

| Oct dew point C =

| Nov dew point C =

| Dec dew point C =

| Jan sun =

| Feb sun =

| Mar sun =

| Apr sun =

| May sun =

| Jun sun =

| Jul sun =

| Aug sun =

| Sep sun =

| Oct sun =

| Nov sun =

| Dec sun =

| year sun =

| Jand sun = 7.2

| Febd sun = 6.8

| Mard sun = 7.6

| Aprd sun = 8.4

| Mayd sun = 9.2

| Jund sun = 8.8

| Juld sun = 9.2

| Augd sun = 9.0

| Sepd sun = 7.9

| Octd sun = 6.9

| Novd sun = 6.6

| Decd sun = 6.8

| yeard sun =

| Jan light =

| Feb light =

| Mar light =

| Apr light =

| May light =

| Jun light =

| Jul light =

| Aug light =

| Sep light =

| Oct light =

| Nov light =

| Dec light =

| year light =

| Jan percentsun =

| Feb percentsun =

| Mar percentsun =

| Apr percentsun =

| May percentsun =

| Jun percentsun =

| Jul percentsun =

| Aug percentsun =

| Sep percentsun =

| Oct percentsun =

| Nov percentsun =

| Dec percentsun =

| year percentsun =

| Jan uv =

| Feb uv =

| Mar uv =

| Apr uv =

| May uv =

| Jun uv =

| Jul uv =

| Aug uv =

| Sep uv =

| Oct uv =

| Nov uv =

| Dec uv =

| year uv =

| source = {{Cite web |title=Kawasaki climate: Weather Kawasaki & temperature by month |url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/japan/kanagawa/kawasaki-764597/ |access-date=2024-01-05 |website=en.climate-data.org}}

}}

= Location =

Kawasaki is located on the right bank of the Tama River, which flows into the Tokyo Bay here. The city lies like a narrow band between Tokyo in the northeast and Yokohama in the southwest. The city connects the two major cities and is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the largest and most densely populated urban areas in the world.

The eastern area along the coast of Tokyo Bay is a densely populated industrial zone, part of the Keihin Industrial Zone. In contrast, the western districts in the Tama Hills consist largely of residential areas for commuters in the Tokyo / Yokohama region.

= Wards =

Kawasaki has seven wards (ku):

class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"

|+ Wards of Kawasaki

rowspan="2" |

! colspan="2" | Name

!rowspan=2 width=90pt|Color

!rowspan=2|Map of Kawasaki

style="width: 150px;" |Rōmaji

! style="width: 70px;" |Kanji

style="text-align: center;" "width: 20px;" | 1

|Asao-ku

|麻生区

|Leaf green

| rowspan="7" |

File:Map of wards of Kawasaki city.svg

{{Image label|x=0.1 |y=0.15 |scale=400|text=Asao-ku}}

{{Image label|x=0.67 |y=0.40 |scale=400|text=Kawasaki-ku}}

{{Image label|x=0.24 |y=0.2 |scale=400|text=Miyamae-ku}}

{{Image label|x=0.5 |y=0.22 |scale=400|text=Nakahara-ku}}

{{Image label|x=0.5 |y=0.32 |scale=400|text=Saiwai-ku}}

{{Image label|x=0.42 |y=0.13 |scale=400|text=Takatsu-ku}}

{{Image label|x=0.22 |y=0.08 |scale=400|text=Tama-ku}}

style="text-align: center;" | 2

|Kawasaki-ku
(administrative center)

|川崎区

|Lime green

style="text-align: center;" | 3

|Miyamae-ku

|宮前区

|Orange

style="text-align: center;" | 4

|Nakahara-ku

|中原区

|Blue

style="text-align: center;" | 5

|Saiwai-ku

|幸区

|Teal

style="text-align: center;" | 6

|Takatsu-ku

|高津区

|Purple

style="text-align: center;" | 7

|Tama-ku

|多摩区

|Pink

= Adjacent cities and towns =

In the northeast, Kawasaki borders the Special wards of Tokyo (starting at Tokyo Bay) Ōta and Setagaya, in the northwest the cities (-shi) belonging to Tokyo Prefecture (-shi) Komae, Chofu, Machida, Inagi, Tama enclose the place. The opposite southwest side is entirely occupied by the districts of Tsurumi, Kōhoku, Tsuzuki and Aoba in the city of Yokohama. With the completion of the Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, the city of Kisarazu, located on the opposite side of the Tokyo Bay in Chiba Prefecture, also became a neighbor in December 1997.

= Bodies of water =

Two rivers cross the urban area. The Tama unites with the tributaries Misawa, Yamashita, Gotanda, Nikaryō main river and Hirase; Katahira, Asao, Shimpukuji, Arima, E, Shibu and Yagami flow into the Tsurumi.

The land on the coast of the city is crossed by a network of canals (Tama Canal, Suehiro Canal, Chidori Canal, Yakō Canal, Daishi Canal, Mizue Canal, Shiohama Canal, Iriesaki Canal, Asano Canal, Ikegami Canal, Minami-Watarida Canal, Tanabe Canal, Shiraishi Canal and the Sakai Canal). In addition, the historic Nikaryō Yōsui canal still exists in the hinterland.

Demographics

Per Japanese census data,[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/kanagawa/ Kawasaki population statistics (1995-2020)] the population of Kawasaki has seen sustained growth over the past 70 years.

{{Historical populations

| 1940 | 300,777

| 1945 | 252,923

| 1950 | 319,226

| 1960 | 445,520

| 1965 | 632,975

| 1970 | 854,866

| 1975 | 973,497

| 1980 | 1,014,951

| 1985 | 1,088,624

| 1990 | 1,173,603

| 1995 | 1,202,820

| 2000 | 1,249,905

| 2005 | 1,327,011

| 2010 | 1,425,678

| 2015 | 1,475,213

| 2020 | 1,538,262

| align = none

}}

Politics and government

Kawasaki is governed by Mayor Norihiko Fukuda, an independent elected on 27 October 2013.{{Cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/10/28/national/suga-downplays-ldp-loss-in-kawasaki-poll/#.UtG_yNJdU1I|title = Suga downplays LDP loss in Kawasaki poll|date = 28 October 2013}} The city assembly has 63 elected members. Mayor Fukuda was re-elected to a second term in office on 22 October 2017 with support from LDP and Kōmeitō against former municipal MP Akiko Yoshizawa and JCP-supported former primary school teacher Hirokazu Ichiko.{{Cite web|url=http://www.sankei.com/politics/news/171022/plt1710220075-n1.html|script-title = ja:【川崎市長選】川崎市長選 現職の福田紀彦氏当確|date = 22 October 2017}}{{cite web| url = https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20171023/p2g/00m/0dm/008000c| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171024222657/http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20171023/p2g/00m/0dm/008000c| archive-date = 2017-10-24| title = Kobe, Kawasaki mayors re-elected - The Mainichi}}

The 60-member city parliament of Kawasaki was re-elected in the unified elections in April 2023. The LDP won 17 seats and is the largest party in the assembly.{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |title=川崎市議選 統一地方選挙2023|NHK選挙WEB |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/senkyo/database/touitsu/14/19470/jyo19470.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.nhk.or.jp |language=ja}}

Kawasaki was in June 2008 the second Japanese "government-designated city" (seirei shitei toshi) after Hiroshima, which allowed foreigners to participate in municipal referendums.http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080620a4.html {{dead link|date=January 2020}}

In the 105-member prefectural parliament of Kanagawa, the seven districts of Kawasaki serve as constituencies, electing 18 deputies in total.Präfektur Kanagawa, Präfekturparlament: [http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/cnt/gikai/p80275.html Abgeordnete nach Wahlkreis], retrieved 22 May 2019.{{Cite web |last=神奈川県 |title=神奈川県議会 議員の紹介 選挙区でさがす |url=https://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/gikai/p80275.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=神奈川県 |language=ja}}

For the House of Representatives (Japan), Kawasaki comprises the constituencies Kanagawa 9 (Tama and Asao wards), 10 (Kawasaki and Saiwai wards) and 18 (Nakahara and Takatsu wards) and 19 (Miyamae ward, with Tsuzuki ward, Yokohama), following changes since the last general election in 2021.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=衆議院小選挙区の区割りが変更されました(令和4年) |url=https://www.city.kawasaki.jp/910/page/0000145585.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=川崎市 |language=ja}} In the 2021 election, the three seats went unchanged to Liberal Democrats Kazunori Tanaka and Daishirō Yamagiwa, and ex-Democrat Hirofumi Ryū of the Constitutional Democratic Party.{{Cite web |last=日本放送協会 |title=衆議院選挙2021 神奈川(横浜・川崎など)開票速報・選挙結果 小選挙区 NHK |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/senkyo/database/shugiin/2021/14/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.nhk.or.jp |language=ja}}

= Elections =

= List of mayors of Kawasaki (from 1924) =

class="wikitable"

! #

NameEntered officeLeft office
1Taisuke Ishii
(石井泰助)
October 18, 1924March 2, 1929
2Kahei Shundo
(春藤嘉平)
March 11, 1929November 11, 1930
3Fumisuke Kudara
(百済文輔)
August 22, 1931June 27, 1932
4Shigeharu Nakaya
(中屋重治)
August 13, 1932March 27, 1935
5Ichiro Shibatsuji
(芝辻一郎)
September 14, 1935September 13, 1939
6Hachiro Murai
(村井八郎)
May 13, 1940May 12, 1944
7Kiyoo Ebe
(江辺清夫)
May 23, 1944June 10, 1946
8-14Fujitaro Kanasashi
(金刺不二太郎)
August 1, 1946April 29, 1971
15-19Saburo Itoh
(伊藤三郎)
April 30, 1971October 18, 1989
20-22Kiyoshi Takahashi
(高橋清)
November 20, 1989November 18, 2001
23-25Takao Abe
(阿部孝夫)
November 19, 2001November 18, 2013
26-27Norihiko Fukuda
(福田紀彦)
November 19, 2013Present

Sports

=Facilities=

==Baseball==

  • Kawasaki Stadium: Located in Kawasaki-ku. Opened in 1952, and was used as a home field for professional baseball teams Takahashi Unions, Taiyo Whales,{{cn|date=May 2024}} Lotte Orions,{{Cite web |last=Nagatsuka |first=Kaz |date=2017-01-29 |title=Kawasaki Stadium stirs fond recollection of legendary games |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/01/29/baseball/japanese-baseball/kawasaki-stadium-stirs-fond-recollection-legendary-games/ |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=The Japan Times |language=en}} from 1954 to 1991.{{cn|date=May 2024}} The stands were taken down in 2001, and is currently used for American football games and other events in addition to baseball.
  • Kawasaki Todoroki Baseball Stadium: Located in Nakahara-ku. Maximum capacity of 5,000 people. Used for preliminary rounds of high school baseball and American football games.

==Field athletics & football==

  • Todoroki Athletics Stadium: Located in Nakahara-ku. Maximum capacity of 25,000 people. Opened in 1964, the stadium underwent several renovations before becoming the home field for the Kawasaki Frontale. Also used frequently for track & field competitions.

==Indoor facilities==

  • Kawasaki Prefectural Gymnasium: Located in Kawasaki-ku. Opened in 1956, and is used for Puroresu matches. 20 minutes walking distance from Kawasaki Station's east entrance.
  • Kawasaki Todoroki Arena: Located in Nakahara-ku. International field athletics and volleyball matches are held here, in addition to various musical concerts, and becoming the home for the Kawasaki Brave Thunders.

==Cycling & horseracing==

  • Velodrome: Kawasaki Velodrome[http://www.kawasakikeirin.com/ Kawasaki Keirin]
  • Kawasaki Keiba{{Cite web |url=http://www.nankankeiba.com/dirt4.kawasaki/jbc/index.html |title=Kawasaki Keiba |access-date=2007-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070916110048/http://www.nankankeiba.com/dirt4.kawasaki/jbc/index.html |archive-date=2007-09-16 |url-status=dead}}

Economy

File:Tonen_Chemical_Kombinat,_Kawasaki.jpg

Kawasaki, particularly its eastern portion, has several factories and development bases of heavy industry (e.g., JFE Group, ENEOS) and high technology (e.g., Fujitsu, NEC, Toshiba, Dell Japan and Sigma"[http://www.sigma-photo.co.jp/english/company/overview.html Company Summary]." Sigma Corporation. Retrieved on September 28, 2015.). Many of these factories are built on reclaimed land near Tokyo Bay, taking advantage of access to the sea as well, as regional rail and highway networks and the nearby Haneda Airport.

The areas around Kawasaki Station, Musashi-Kosugi Station, Mizonokuchi Station and Shin-Yurigaoka Station are major commercial districts, housing numerous corporate offices and shopping centers.

Fujitsu's Main Branch is located in Nakahara-ku."[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/contact/ Contact]." Fujitsu. Retrieved on February 4, 2009. It was formerly Fujitsu's headquarters."[https://web.archive.org/web/19980119155801/http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/hypertext/About_fujitsu/Profile-e.html Company Profile]." Fujitsu. January 19, 1998. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.

Culture and sights

=Temples and shrines=

File:Kawasaki Daishi Main Hall.jpg

  • Jōraku Temple (Jōraku-ji)
  • Kanayama Shrine: Site of the annual Kanamara Matsuri (Festival Of The Steel Phallus).
  • Kawasaki Daishi (Heiken-ji). A Buddhist temple in the Kawasaki district. It is the second most visited temple in the Kantō region
  • Kotohira Shrine (Kotohira-jinja)
  • Mikawari Fudō shrine
  • Shinkō Temple (Shinkō-ji) in the spring and autumn garden (Shunjū-en)
  • Takaishi Shrine (Takaishi-jinja)
  • Tenshōkō daijin shrine (Tenshōkō daijin)

=Museums and galleries=

File:Kawasaki_Nihon_Minkaen-3.jpg

File:Model_D51_408_of_JNR.jpg

File:Fujiko・F・Fujio Museum -01.jpg

  • Fujiko F. Fujio Museum: also known as Doraemon museum, opened on September 3, 2011, in Tama-ku Ward.{{cite web|title=fujiko-museum|url=http://fujiko-museum.com/english/access/|publisher=fujiko-museum|access-date=3 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918012958/http://fujiko-museum.com/english/access/|archive-date=18 September 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/anime-star-doraemon-to-have-own-museum-2345688.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121207163635/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/anime-star-doraemon-to-have-own-museum-2345688.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=December 7, 2012 | work=The Independent | date=29 August 2011 | title= Anime star Doraemon to have own museum}}
  • Kawasaki City Museum
  • Nihon Minka-en Open Air Museum (Tama District): with minka traditional farmhouses from different regions of Japan.
  • Taro Okamoto Museum of Art
  • Railway and bus museum
  • Toshiba Museum

=Music=

=Recreational facilities=

  • Kawasaki Racecourse
  • Keirin cycle track Kawasaki
  • Kawasaki Marien (leisure center)
  • Yomiuri Land

=Parks=

  • Ikuta green space (Ikuta ryokuchi)
  • Todoroki Ryokuchi: athletic park
  • Yumemigasaki Zoo (Yumemigasaki dōbutsu kōen)

=Regular events=

  • Daruma market in Shimo-Asao
  • In Unity
  • Kanamara Matsuri
  • Kawasaki Citizens' Festival
  • Kawasaki fantasy night
  • Kawasaki Robot Congress
  • Sannō festival at the Inage shrine
  • Shin-Yuri art festival
  • Tamagawa fireworks display

= Places of interest =

  • Kawasaki Warehouse: An amusement arcade whose aesthetic is inspired by the Kowloon Walled City.{{cite news| url=http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1321559/arcade-brings-kowloon-walled-city-back-dead-japan | work=South China Morning Post | date=1 October 2013 | title=Arcade brings Kowloon Walled City back from the dead ... in Japan}}
  • Koreatown: eastern Kawasaki has the second largest concentration of Koreans in Japan, after Osaka.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}} In 1997 it became the first municipality to allow non-Japanese nationals to take civil service employment.
  • Nakagawa stable: stable of professional sumo wrestler

Transportation

=Railway stations=

; {{Color|green|■}} East Japan Railway Company

: {{Color|#f68b1e|■}} Tōkaidō Main Line

:* - {{STN|Kawasaki|x}} -

: {{Color|deepskyblue|■}} Keihin-Tōhoku Line

:* - Kawasaki -

: {{Color|#fff500|■}} Nambu Line

:* Main Line : Kawasaki - {{STN|Shitte|x}} - {{STN|Yakō|x}} (Yakō Station is in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama) - {{STN|Kashimada|x}} - {{STN|Hirama|x}} - {{STN|Mukaigawara|x}} - {{STN|Musashi-Kosugi|x}} - {{STN|Musashi-Nakahara|x}} - {{STN|Musashi-Shinjō|x}} - {{STN|Musashi-Mizonokuchi|x}} - {{STN|Tsudayama|x}} - {{STN|Kuji|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Shukugawara|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Noborito|x}} - {{STN|Nakanoshima|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Inadazutsumi|x}} -

:* Branch Line : Shitte - {{STN|Hatchōnawate|x}} - {{STN|Kawasaki-Shinmachi|x}} - {{STN|Hama-Kawasaki|x}}

: {{Color|#fff500|■}} Tsurumi Line

:* Main Line : - {{STN|Musashi-Shiraishi|x}} - Hama-Kawasaki - {{STN|Shōwa|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Ōgimachi|x|Kanagawa}}

:* Ōkawa Branch : - {{STN|Ōkawa|x}}

: {{Color|navy|■}} Yokosuka Line, Shōnan-Shinjuku Line

:* - Musashi-Kosugi - {{STN|Shin-Kawasaki|x}} -

; {{Color|deepskyblue|■}} Odakyu Electric Railway

: {{Color|deepskyblue|■}} Odakyū Line

:* - {{STN|Noborito|x}} - {{STN|Mukōgaoka-Yūen|x}} - {{STN|Ikuta|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Yomiuri-Land-mae|x}} - {{STN|Yurigaoka|x}} - {{STN|Shin-Yurigaoka|x}} - {{STN|Kakio|x}}

: {{Color|deepskyblue|■}} Tama Line

:* Shin-Yurigaoka - {{STN|Satsukidai|x}} - {{STN|Kurihira|x}} - {{STN|Kurokawa|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Haruhino|x}} -

; {{Color|deeppink|■}} Keio Corporation

: {{Color|deeppink|■}} Sagamihara Line

:* - {{STN|Keiō-Inadazutsumi|x}} - {{STN|Keiō-Yomiuri-Land|x}} - {{STN|Inagi|x}} (Keiō-Yomiuri-Land Station and Inagi Station are in Inagi, Tokyo.) - {{STN|Wakabadai|x}}

; {{Color|red|■}} Keikyu Corporation

: {{Color|red|■}} Keikyū Main Line

:* - Hatchōnawate - {{STN|Keikyū Kawasaki|x}} -

: {{Color|red|■}} Daishi Line

:* Keikyū Kawasaki - {{STN|Minatochō|x}} - {{STN|Suzukichō|x}} - {{STN|Kawasaki-Daishi|x}} - {{STN|Higashi-Monzen|x}} - {{STN|Daishibashi|x}} - {{STN|Kojimashinden|x}}

; {{Color|red|■}} Tokyu Corporation

: {{Color|#ff0033|■}} Tōyoko Line

:* - {{STN|Shin-Maruko|x}} - Musashi-Kosugi - {{STN|Motosumiyoshi|x}} -

: {{Color|#2c94b6|■}} Meguro Line

:* - Shin-Maruko - Musashi-Kosugi - Motosumiyoshi -

: {{Color|#018d54|■}} Den-en-toshi Line

:* - {{STN|Futako-Shinchi|x}} - {{STN|Takatsu|x|Kanagawa}} - {{STN|Mizonokuchi|x}} - {{STN|Kajigaya|x}} - {{STN|Miyazakidai|x}} - {{STN|Miyamaedaira|x}} - {{STN|Saginuma|x}} -

: {{Color|orange|■}} Ōimachi Line

:* - Futako-Shinchi - Takatsu - Mizonokuchi

= Highways =

File:DaisanKeihin_04.jpg

File:Tokyo-bay_aqualine01.jpg is an expressway across Tokyo Bay.]]

; Expressway

:* Tōmei Expressway is a north-south expressway running from Tokyo to Nagoya and in central area. Tōmei-Kawasaki Interchange is served from Kawasaki.

:* Daisan Keihin Road is a north-south expressway running from Tokyo to Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama and in central area. Keihin-Kawasaki Interchange is served from Kawasaki.

:* Shuto Expressway Route K1 (Yokohane Route) is a north-south expressway running from Shuto Expressway Route 1 to Shuto Expressway Route K3 (Kariba Route) and in southern area. Daishi Interchange, Hama-Kawasaki Interchange, and Asada Interchange are served from Kawasaki.

:* Bayshore Route is a north-south expressway running from Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama to Ichikawa, Chiba and in southern area. Ukishima Interchange and Higashi-Ōgishima Interchange are served from Kawasaki.

:* Shuto Expressway Route K6 (Kawasaki Route) is an expressway in southern area. Daishi Interchange, Tonomachi Interchange, and Ukishima Interchange are served from Kawasaki.

:* Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line is an expressway across Tokyo Bay from Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki to Kisarazu, Chiba. Ukishima Interchange is served from Kawasaki.

; National Route

:* National Route 1 and 15 are north-south highways running in southern area. Due to elongated territory from east to west, these highways run short length in Kawasaki.

:* Japan National Route 246 is a north-south highways running in central area. It also runs short length in Kawasaki.

:* Japan National Route 132 is short highway running in southern area. It bounds National Route 15 and port of kawasaki.

:* Japan National Route 357 is an industrial highway in southern area. It runs only in Higashi-Ōgishima Island in Kawasaki.

:* Japan National Route 409 is a highway running from Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki to Narita, Chiba. It bounds central area and downtown area in Kawasaki.

International relations

=Twin cities=

Kawasaki is twinned with the following cities in Japan and worldwide.

==Domestic friendship cities==

==International==

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

  • {{flagicon|USA}} Baltimore, Maryland, United States, since June 14, 1979{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimorecity.gov/government/intl/sistercities.php |title=Baltimore City Mayor's Office of International and Immigrant Affairs - Sister Cities Program |access-date=2009-07-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807173931/http://www.baltimorecity.gov/government/intl/sistercities.php |archive-date=August 7, 2008}}
  • {{flagicon|VIE}} Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province, Vietnam, since September 15, 2012
  • {{flagicon|KOR}} Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, since October 21, 1996
  • {{flagicon|DEU}} Lübeck, Germany, since May 12, 1992
  • {{flagicon|USA}} Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, since June 20, 1993
  • {{flagicon|CRO}} Rijeka, Croatia, since June 23, 1977
  • {{flagicon|AUT}} Salzburg, Austria, since April 17, 1992
  • {{flagicon|UK}} Sheffield, United Kingdom, since July 30, 1990
  • {{flagicon|CHN}} Shenyang, Liaoning, China, since, August 18, 1981
  • {{flagicon|AUS}} Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, since May 18, 1988

{{Div col end}}

=Friendship ports=

  • {{flagicon|VIE}} Da Nang, Vietnam, since January 24, 1994

Notable people from Kawasaki

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}