:Lebanese nationalism

The Druze and Maronite community in Lebanon played an important role in the formation of the modern state of Lebanon in the early 18th century, through a governing and social system known as the "Maronite-Druze dualism" in Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate{{cite book|title=Syria, Iran, and Hezbollah: The Unholy Alliance and Its War on Lebanon| first=Marius|last=Deeb|year= 2013| isbn= 9780817916664|publisher=Hoover Press|quote= the Maronites and the Druze, who founded Lebanon in the early eighteenth century.}} This ideology is rooted in the 19th-century sectarian war between the Maronites and Druze that occurred in Mount Lebanon.{{cn|date=July 2022}} It took its formalized form during the inter-war period and the French Mandate of Syria, when it served primarily as a tool in opposing Arab nationalism and in justifying the existence of the nascent country of Lebanon.

During the 20th century, especially during the Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese nationalism was associated with the Kataeb Party, Lebanese Forces, National Liberal Party and secularist movements like Guardians of the Cedars, National Bloc and the Lebanese Renewal Party, spearheaded by the renowned late Lebanese poet and philosopher Said Akl. It was also present among the Shiite Muslims of the Amal movement and a central ideology of its armed wing, the Lebanese Resistance Regiments.{{Cite book|last=Norton|first=Augustus Richard|title=Amal and the Shi'a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=1987|isbn=978-0292730403|location=Austin|pages=39}} Currently, it is present among the multi-confessional Lebanese Resistance Brigades subordinate to Hezbollah.{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/christian-sunni-shia-meet-hezbollahs-non-denominational-military-branch-defending-2169257|title=Christian, Sunni And Shia: Meet Hezbollah's Non-Denominational Military Branch Defending Lebanon, Fighting In Syria|website=International Business Times |date=4 November 2015|publisher=}} As a result, Lebanese nationalists have never formed a bloc, being very different ideologically and having divergent opinions on which allies to choose, all adding up to confessionalism.

Lebanese nationalism goes even further and incorporates irredentist views going beyond the Lebanese borders and seeks to unify all the lands of ancient Phoenicia around present-day Lebanon.[https://books.google.com/books?id=PTDkAwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Lebanese+irredentism%22&pg=PA104 Reviving Phoenicia: The Search for Identity in Lebanon By Asher Kaufman] That comes from the fact that present-day Lebanon, the Mediterranean coast of Syria, and northern Israel is the area that roughly correspond to ancient Phoenicia and so most Lebanese people identify with the ancient Phoenician population of that region.Kamal S. Salibi, "The Lebanese Identity" Journal of Contemporary History 6.1, Nationalism and Separatism (1971:76-86). Therefore, the proposed Greater Lebanese country includes Lebanon, Mediterranean coast of Syria, and northern Israel.

• Phoenicianism

• Youssef Bey Karam (1823–1889), Christian governor
• Elias Peter Hoayek (1843–1931), Maronite patriarch of Antioch
• Camille Chamoun (1900–1987), president of Lebanon
• Pierre Gemayel (1905–1984), politician
• Said Akl, (1911–2014), poet, philosopher, writer, playwright, and language reformer
• Dany Chamoun (1934–1990), politician
• Etienne Sakr (born 1937), nationalist leader
• Bachir Gemayel (1947–1982), president of Lebanon

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20071007155928/http://www.lcps-lebanon.org/pub/breview/br6/salembr6pt1.html Salem, Paul Notes on the Question of Lebanese Nationalism]

• {{Commonscatinline|Lebanese nationalism}}

{{Ethnic nationalism}}

{{Arab nationalism}}

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