:Miquelon-Langlade
{{Short description|Islands and commune in Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Miquelon-Langlade
|commune status = Commune
|image = Vue de Miquelon.jpg
|caption = Miquelon village
|map = Miquelon-Langlade.PNG
|map caption = Location of the commune (in red) within Saint Pierre and Miquelon
|INSEE = 97501
|postal code = 97500
|term = 2020–2026
|coordinates = {{Coord|47.100000|-56.3792|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m =
|elevation min m = 0
|elevation max m = 240
|area km2 = 205
|population = 596
|population date = 2022
|population footnotes = {{cite web |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8290593/dep975.xlsx |title=Populations de référence des communes en vigueur au 1er janvier 2025 - Date de référence statistique : 1er janvier 2022 |publisher=Government of France |website=INSEE |access-date=2024-12-20 |language=fr }}
|arrondissement =
|intercommunality =
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Miquelon-Langlade (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon).svg
|image flag = Flag of Miquelon-Langlade.svg
| website = http://mairiedemiquelonlanglade.fr/
}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Miquelon–Langlade
| native_name = Miquelon–Langlade
| native_name_link =
| native_name_lang = fr
| sobriquet =
| image_name =
| map =
| label =
| label_position =
| coordinates =
| etymology =
| location = Atlantic Ocean
| archipelago = Saint Pierre and Miquelon
| waterbody = Gulf of Saint Lawrence
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 110
| area_footnotes =
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| highest_mount = Morne de la Grande Montagne ({{cvt|240|m|ft}})
| country = {{flag|France}}
| country_admin_divisions_title = Overseas collectivity
| country_admin_divisions = Saint Pierre and Miquelon
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 =
| country_admin_divisions_1 =
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 =
| country_admin_divisions_2 =
| country_capital_type =
| country_capital =
| country_largest_city_type = Commune
| country_largest_city = Miquelon-Langlade
| demonym = Miquelonnais(e)(s)
| population = 626
| population_as_of = 2012
| population_footnotes =
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| languages = French
| ethnic_groups =
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| utc_offset1_DST = −2
| additional_info =
}}
Miquelon-Langlade ({{IPA|fr|miklɔ̃ lɑ̃ɡlad}}) is the larger but less populated of the two communes (municipalities) making up the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, located {{cvt|22|km|mi}} to the south of Newfoundland in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.{{Cite book|url=http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf |archive-date=October 8, 2011 |publisher=International Hydrographic Organization |date=1953 |url-status=dead }} It consists of three islands: Miquelon (also called {{lang|fr|Grande Miquelon}}), Langlade (Petite Miquelon) and Le Cap, connected by narrow tombolos (sandy isthmi).{{cite book |last1=Bird |first1=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mfo5TPb7SDsC&pg=PA163 |title=Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9781402086380 |pages=163–165 |language=en |accessdate=16 November 2016}} The communal seat is the settlement of Miquelon, on the northern tip, where the entire island's permanent population of 596 (as of 2022) is located. Miquelon Airport provides flights to nearby Saint-Pierre Airport.
Toponymy
The name Miquelon purportedly derived from a Basque nickname for "Michael" (Mikel). In 1579, the names Micquetõ and Micquelle appeared for the first time in French Basque mariner Martin de Hoyarçabal's maritime pilot. The name evolved over time into Miclon, Micklon, and finally Miquelon (Mikelune in Basque).{{cite web|title=1579 – Voyages Avantureux, Martin de Hoyarçabal|url=http://grandcolombier.com/2008/09/28/1579-voyages-avantureux-martin-de-hoyarcabal/|website=Grand Colombier|accessdate=16 November 2016}}
Geography
Located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, west of Newfoundland's Burin Peninsula, Miquelon-Langlade covers a total land area of {{convert|205|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. It comprises three islands connected by tombolos: Le Cap in the north, Miquelon (Grand Miquelon) in the center, and Langlade (Petite Miquelon) in the south.
A tombolo sandspit called La Dune connects Miquelon and Langlade, that formed in the 18th century that is {{cvt|12|km}} long and {{cvt|6|to|100|m}} wide.[http://www.transportmiquelonnais.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=31&lang=en Transport Miquelonnais] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724112406/http://www.transportmiquelonnais.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=31&lang=en |date=2011-07-24 }} In the eighteenth century it was still possible to sail a boat between Miquelon and Langlade, but by the end of that century La Dune had closed in to form an isthmus between the islands.{{cite web|url=http://www.transportmiquelonnais.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=31&lang=en|title=Transport Miquelonnais – Geographical situation|accessdate=2010-06-12|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724112406/http://www.transportmiquelonnais.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=31&lang=en|archivedate=2011-07-24}}
The tombolo connecting Miquelon and Le Cap is {{cvt|3|km}} long and in places less than {{cvt|100|m}} wide.
The island of Saint Pierre is across a treacherous and foggy {{cvt|6|km}} strait that fishermen named "The Mouth of Hell" ({{langx|fr|La Gueule de L'Enfer}}) that has been the site of more than 600 shipwrecks.{{cite book|title=Les Français peints par eux-mêmes: encyclopédie morale du dix-neuvième siècle |date=1840| publisher= L. Curmer |page=640| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tdxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA640|accessdate=16 November 2016|language=fr}}
=Miquelon=
Miquelon's coastline includes numerous sand and pebble beaches enclosing lagoons, as well as high rocky cliffs standing up to {{cvt|25|m}} on the east coast. Its geology consists of slightly metamorphosed post-Ordovician volcanic rocks, mainly rhyolites with breccias, andesites and basalts. On the south of the Miquelon Island is the Grand Barachois, a large lagoon which is host to a large population of seals and other wildlife. Miquelon is also a well known destination for bird watching.
=Langlade=
Located at {{convert|3|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of Saint Pierre Island, Langlade is an ancient peneplain drained by numerous short rivers, including the Belle, the largest, which flows to the northwest.[https://islands.com.sapo.pt/saint.pierre/spm.htm Saint Pierre & Miquelon. Territorial Collectivity of France, in the North America] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330171441/http://islands.com.sapo.pt/saint.pierre/spm.htm |date=2012-03-30 }} The coast of Langlade is lined with steep cliffs, except to the northwest.
Climate
The climate is typical of the North Atlantic and the Labrador Current, with frequent storms and winds that exceed {{cvt|60|km/h}} for nearly six months of the year. The summers are cool and foggy. The average annual temperature is {{cvt|5.5|C}}. Köppen–Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as sub-Arctic (Dfc).{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/342317/ |title=Climate: Miquelon-Langlade – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=2013-12-10 }} Summers are mild while winters are cold. It receives precipitation all year.
{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=Miquelon-Langlade
|Jan high C=-0.1
|Feb high C=-0.6
|Mar high C=1.5
|Apr high C=5.3
|May high C=9.7
|Jun high C=13.7
|Jul high C=17.9
|Aug high C=19.3
|Sep high C=16.5
|Oct high C=11.5
|Nov high C=7.1
|Dec high C=2.2
|Jan mean C=-3.5
|Feb mean C=-4.2
|Mar mean C=-1.7
|Apr mean C=2
|May mean C=5.7
|Jun mean C=9.6
|Jul mean C=13.9
|Aug mean C=15.4
|Sep mean C=12.5
|Oct mean C=7.8
|Nov mean C=4
|Dec mean C=-0.8
|Jan low C=-6.8
|Feb low C=-7.7
|Mar low C=-4.9
|Apr low C=-1.2
|May low C=1.8
|Jun low C=5.6
|Jul low C=10
|Aug low C=11.6
|Sep low C=8.5
|Oct low C=4.1
|Nov low C=0.9
|Dec low C=-3.8
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=124
|Feb precipitation mm=106
|Mar precipitation mm=101
|Apr precipitation mm=102
|May precipitation mm=101
|Jun precipitation mm=105
|Jul precipitation mm=98
|Aug precipitation mm=109
|Sep precipitation mm=118
|Oct precipitation mm=137
|Nov precipitation mm=137
|Dec precipitation mm=132
|unit rain days=1 mm
|Jan rain days=8
|Feb rain days=6
|Mar rain days=5
|Apr rain days=6
|May rain days=7
|Jun rain days=6
|Jul rain days=7
|Aug rain days=5
|Sep rain days=6
|Oct rain days=9
|Nov rain days=9
|Dec rain days=10
|source 1= Climate-Data.org (altitude: 1m)
}}
Etymology
The name Miquelon is of Basque origin and is thought to mean "Michael", as several fishermen with this name were established in the island. In 1579, the names Micquetõ, Micquelle appeared for the first time in Martin de Hoyarçabal's navigational pilot. The name evolved over time into Miclon, Micklon, and finally Miquelon.
Demographics
Miquelon-Langlade consists of the commune (also called Miquelon-Langlade), with a population of 596 in 2022. The majority of the residents live in the village of Miquelon, located in the north of the island near Le Cap, {{cite book|last1=Edward|first1=David A. O.|last2=Lane|first2=Robert|title=Edward and Lane on European Union Law|date=2013|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=9780857931054|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTgCAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA81|accessdate=16 November 2016|language=en}} north of a shallow lagoon (barachois) and has a small harbour protected with constructed breakwaters along the eastern side of the isthmus.
On the northern coast of Langlade, there are settlements at the coves of Anse du Gouvernement, Anse aux Soldats and Le Ruisseau Debons, consisting mainly of holiday cottages.{{cite web | title=Présentation de Langlade | website=Les Coureurs de l'Isthme | date=2019-05-10 | url=https://www.25km-de-miquelon.net/saint-pierre-et-miquelon/langlade/ | language=fr | access-date=2022-02-18}}{{cite web | title=Vacances de printemps au ruisseau Debons - Saint-Pierre et Miquelon la 1ère | website=Saint-Pierre et Miquelon la 1ère | date=2018-05-09 | url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/saintpierremiquelon/vacances-printemps-au-ruisseau-bond-587697.html | language=fr | access-date=2022-02-18}}
The population of Miquelon-Langlade is mainly of Basque and Acadian ancestry.
Transportation
{{See also|Miquelon Airport|SPM Ferries}}
Miquelon Airport is located adjacent to Miquelon village; Air Saint-Pierre operates regularly scheduled daily flights to Saint-Pierre Airport.
SPM Ferries provides service to and from Saint Pierre town from both Miquelon village and Anse du Gouvernement on Langlade. SPM also connects Miquelon town directly with Fortune, Newfoundland, Canada once or twice weekly. A ferry service connects Miquelon town with Anse du Gouvernement on Langlade in summer months.{{cite web | title=Le site de débarquement des passagers du Jeune France saturé à Langlade - Saint-Pierre et Miquelon la 1ère | website=Saint-Pierre et Miquelon la 1ère | date=2018-08-02 | url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/saintpierremiquelon/miquelon-langlade/site-debarquement-passagers-du-jeune-france-sature-langlade-613822.html | language=fr | access-date=2022-02-18}}
The main asphalt road runs from the capital along the eastern coast of Miquelon, across the Langlade tombolo and ending in Le Ruisseau Debons on Langlade.
Facilities
=Schools=
- Ecole du socle de Miquelon, which houses:"[http://www.ac-spm.fr/spip.php?rubrique16 Ecole du socle de Miquelon]." National Education Service of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Retrieved on September 14, 2016. As of the 2014–2015 school year the junior high school had 25 students."[http://www.ac-spm.fr/spip.php?article8 Ecole du socle de Miquelon >Présentation]." National Education Service of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Retrieved on September 14, 2016.
- the private contracted nursery school / preschool Soeur Hilarion
- public elementary school Les Quatre Temps
- public junior high school Collège de Miquelon
The government high school / sixth-form programmes serving Miquelon are at Lycée-Collège d'État Émile Letournel on Saint-Pierre island.
=Museums and activities=
The Maison de la Nature et de L'Environnement ("Nature and Environment Center") provides self-guided tours of both the Cormorandière Valley and of the whole island. It hosts the art/craft vendor Art passion. Its Centre d'interprétation ("interpretation centre") features exhibits on geography, climate, biodiversity, and history through and interactive permanent axibilts that leads visitors through nature habitats.
The Musée de Miquelon ("museum of Miquelon") explains the origin of the island's people, including objects, customs and activities.
In summer, Saveurs Fermièrres ("farm flavours"), a goat farm, teaches about goats and cheesemaking, and offers tastings of local farm products.
There are numerous hiking routes: Le Chemin des Boeufs, Pointe Plate, Les Buttes dégarnies et la Grand Barachois, Belliveau, Le Cap de Miquelon, La Tête Pelé, and Les Trois Sapins. There is a nature observatory Observatoire du Grand Barachois and several camping areas including Mirande and Trois Sapins.{{cite book |title=Guide nature: découvrez 15 balades à Saint-Pierre & Miquelon |date=2012 |publisher=Maison de la nature et de l'environnement |location=Saint-Pierre et Miquelon |isbn=9782954231402 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWTnngEACAAJ |access-date=5 August 2024}}
=Other=
At Miquelon village other facilities include (as of 2024):{{cite book |title=St. Pierre and Miquelon Visitor Guide |date=2024 |pages=91–131|publisher=SPM Tourisme}}
- The Centre Médical de Miquelon (basic medical care; more advanced services are available in Saint-Pierre and St. John's)
- Football (soccer) pitch Stade de l'Avenir ("stadium of the future") of the Association Sportive Miquelonnaise (Miquelon sports association)
- Police, fire and ferry stations, library, post office, public restrooms, tourist information office
- Government offices: mairie, prefecture, and délégation territoriale
- Two restaurants Auberge de L'Île and Brian
- A bakery Miquelon, a bank Caisse d'Épargne, a bar/disco Salle entre nous, a coffee shop Art passion, an ice cream stand (seasonal), a snack bar À choix, a grocery store SAS Domane {{cite web |title=SAS Domane |url=https://www.facebook.com/sasdomane/ |website=Facebook |access-date=5 August 2024}}
- Hotel Auberge de L'Île, bed and breakfast Au p'tit kakawi, seasonal rental accommodations Chez Adrien and La Passerelle
- ATM, bike rental Chez Adrien, church, gas station, laundry, pharmacy, photo studio My Little Touch, veterinary clinic
- Air Saint-Pierre office, airport, 2 car rental establishments (Max Giradin and Auto Action), providers of guided tours Auberge de L'Île and Escapade Insulaire ("island escapade")
= At Anse du Gouvernement=
Landmarks
Festivals and events
- Les 25 km de Miquelon ("the 25 km of Miquelon") half marathon race
- Bastille Day celebration with games, food, fireworks and dancing
- Le Festival des Produits de Mer (Seafood Festival)
- Le Dunefest music festival
Gallery
File:Miquelon shore.jpg| Miquelon shore
File:Miquelon 9.jpg|The north coast of Miquelon, next to Le Cap
File:Village de Miquelon.jpg|The village of Miquelon seen from the west
File:Miquelon avion.jpg |Aerial view of Miquelon village
File:Maison de Miquelon.jpg|Houses in Miquelon village
File:Ecole à Miquelon.jpg|Miquelon's school building
File:Borne kilométrique à Miquelon.jpg| Milestone to Miquelon village
File:Port of saint-pierre, SPM.jpg|The port of Miquelon
File:Monument acadien.jpg|Acadien monument
File:Flag of Miquelon-Langlade.svg|Flag of Miquelon–Langlade
File:Depuis le phare de Pointe Plate.jpg|View from the Pointe Plate lighthouse on Langlade towards Miquelon
File:Chevaux - isthme de Langlade.jpg|Horse on Langlade isthmus
File:De Miquelon vers Langlade.jpg|The road from Miquelon to Langlade
File:Langlade - Anse du gouverneur.jpg|Langlade: Anse du Gouverneur cove.jpg
File:Miquelon & Langlade Islands, FR.jpg|Snowcovered isthmus
File:Pont sur belle rivière.jpg|Bridge over the Belle Rivière (river)
See also
External links
{{Commons category|Miquelon-Langlade (Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon)|Miquelon-Langlade}}
{{Commons category|Miquelon}}
{{Wikivoyage|Miquelon}}
- {{Official website|http://www.miquelon-langlade.com}}
- [http://www.lepharespm.com/ Le Phare: Association of Tourism Professionals]
- [http://www.airsaintpierre.com/ Local Airline Air Saint-Pierre]
- [http://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/PR2012/000/975/975501.html 2012 French Presidential Election]
References
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Geographic Location
|Centre = Miquelon-Langlade Commune
|North = Fortune Bay
|Northeast =
|East = Fortune Bay
(Division No. 2, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada)
|Southeast = Gulf of St. Lawrence
(Saint Pierre)
|South = Atlantic Ocean
|Southwest =
|West = Gulf of St. Lawrence
|Northwest =
}}
Category:Communes of Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Category:Islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon