:Operation Inherent Resolve

{{Further|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)|American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War|American intervention in Libya (2015–2019)}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2014|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#Obama's decision for airstrikes}}

Unlike their coalition partners, and unlike previous combat operations, no name was initially given to the conflict against IS by the U.S. government.{{cite news|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/08/18/us-operation-against-isil-in-iraq-remains-nameless.html|title=US Operation Against ISIL in Iraq Remains Nameless|publisher=Military.com|date=18 August 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}} The decision to keep the conflict nameless drew considerable media criticism.{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-war-on-isis-has-no-name-2014-10|title=The War on ISIS Has 'No Name|publisher=Business Insider|date=3 October 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}}{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/03/pentagon-operation-inherent-resolve_n_5928388.html|title=The Military Can't Come Up with a Name For Its War Against ISIS. We're Here To Help|work=The Huffington Post|date=3 October 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}}{{cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2014/09/29/whats-in-a-name-obamas-anonymous-war-against-isis-in-iraq-syria|title=What's in a Name: Obama's Anonymous War Against ISIS|work=U.S. News & World Report|date=29 September 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}}{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/10/us-needs-a-name-for-the-operation-against-isis.html|title=U.S. Needs a Name for the Operation Against ISIS|work=New York|date=3 October 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}}{{cite news|url=http://prospect.org/article/war-no-name|title=The War With No Name|work=The American Prospect|date=1 October 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}}

The U.S. decided in October 2014 to name its military efforts against IS as "Operation Inherent Resolve"; the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) news release announcing the name noted that:

{{Blockquote|According to CENTCOM officials, the name INHERENT RESOLVE is intended to reflect the unwavering resolve and deep commitment of the U.S. and partner nations in the region and around the globe to eliminate the terrorist group ISIL and the threat they pose to Iraq, the region and the wider international community. It also symbolizes the willingness and dedication of coalition members to work closely with our friends in the region and apply all available dimensions of national power necessary—diplomatic, informational, military, economic—to degrade and ultimately destroy ISIL.{{cite web |title=Iraq and Syria Operations Against ISIL Designated as Operation Inherent Resolve |url= http://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/NEWS-ARTICLES/News-Article-View/Article/884877/iraq-and-syria-operations-against-isil-designated-as-operation-inherent-resolve |publisher=U.S. Central Command|date=15 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014}}}}

The US Defense Department announced at the end of October 2014 that troops operating in support of Operation Inherent Resolve after 15 June were eligible for the Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/trump-s-plan-pay-border-wall-air-force-funds-risks-n1054091|title=Trump's plan to pay for border wall with Air Force funds risks national security, report says|last=Kube|first=Courtney|work=NBC News|language=en|date=13 September 2019|access-date=2019-09-14|quote="Security breaches have increased since the base began Operation Inherent Resolve Support," the report says.}}{{cite news|last1=Carroll|first1=Chris|title=Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal authorized for Operation Inherent Resolve|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/global-war-on-terrorism-expeditionary-medal-authorized-for-operation-inherent-resolve-1.311466|website=Stripes.com|access-date=22 November 2014}}

By 4 December 2014, three U.S. service members had died from accidents or non-combat injuries.{{cite news|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/middle-east/air-force-pilot-killed-in-middle-east-crash-identified-1.316758|title=Air Force pilot killed in Middle East crash identified|work=Stars and Stripes|access-date=29 May 2015}}

In November 2015, Commodore Captain Augustus Bennett commanding the USS Kearsarge (LHD-3) Amphibious Ready Group entered the 5th Fleet AOR in conjunction with the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit under the command of Colonel Robert Fulford, consisting of the, USS Arlington (LPD-24) and USS Oak Hill (LSD-51){{Cite web | title=Commanders of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit/ Kearsarge Amphibious Ready Group | url=https://potomacinstitute.org/divisions/11-science-and-technology-policy/center-for-adaptation-and-innovation/our-work-cai/436-commanders-of-the-26th-marine-expeditionary-unit-kearsarge-amphibious-ready-group | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924013201/https://potomacinstitute.org/divisions/11-science-and-technology-policy/center-for-adaptation-and-innovation/our-work-cai/436-commanders-of-the-26th-marine-expeditionary-unit-kearsarge-amphibious-ready-group | access-date=2025-04-27 | archive-date=2020-09-24}} to commence airstrikes on IS. Prior to this, the ARG rendezvoused with the Turkish Navy for Egemen 2015.{{Cite web | title=USS Kearsarge (LHD 3) history | url=http://www.uscarriers.net/lhd3history.htm | access-date=2025-04-27 | website=www.uscarriers.net}} They concluded their OIR mission on March 10 with a total of 130 sorties and 60 strikes.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-04-13 |title=Kearsarge ARG departs U.S. 5th Fleet |url=https://www.militarynews.com/norfolk-navy-flagship/news/top_stories/kearsarge-arg-departs-u-s-5th-fleet/article_7b2344aa-e517-5acc-b5c6-66ad094edc9d.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=Military News |language=en}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2015|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2015}}

{{See also|Operation Tidal Wave II}}

On 22 October 2015, a U.S. Master Sergeant, Joshua Wheeler, was killed in action when he, with about 30 other U.S. special operations soldiers and a Peshmerga unit, conducted a prison break near Hawija in the disputed territories of Northern Iraq, in which about 70 hostages were rescued, five IS members were captured and "a number" were killed or wounded.Gal Perl Finkel, [http://www.israelhayom.com/site/newsletter_opinion.php?id=14263 Back to the ground?], Israel Hayom, 8 November 2015. Sergeant First Class Thomas Payne was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the operation. The Kurdistan Regional Government said after the raid that none of the 15 prisoners it was intended to rescue were found.{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-special-ops-attempt-hostage-rescue-in-iraq/ |title=U.S. soldier killed in Iraq hostage rescue operation |work=CBS News |access-date=23 October 2015}}{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-identifies-american-killed-in-iraq-raid-as-master-sgt-joshua-wheeler-1445609315 |title=U.S. Identifies American Killed in Iraq Raid as Master Sgt. Joshua Wheeler |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=23 October 2015 |access-date=24 October 2015}}

From May, North American Rockwell OV-10 Broncos joined the operation, flying more than 120 combat sorties over 82 days. It is speculated they provided close air support for special forces missions. The experiment ended satisfactorily, but a US Air Force spokesman stated it remains unlikely they will invest in reactivating the OV-10 on a regular basis because of the overhead cost of operating an additional aircraft type.{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/09/why-is-america-using-these-antique-planes-to-fight-isis.html?via=mobile&source=email|title=Why Is America Using These Antique Planes to Fight ISIS?|website=Daily Beast|date=13 April 2017}}{{cite web|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/a19887/ov-10-war-isis/|title=The OV-10 Is Even Older Than the A-10 and It's Fighting ISIS Too|website=Popular Mechanics|date=11 March 2016}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2016|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2016}}

By 9 March 2016, nearly 11,000 airstrikes had been launched on IS (and occasionally Al-Nusra), killing over 27,000 fightersStarr, Barbara. "Estimate: More than 26,000 ISIS fighters killed by Coalition". CNN. 17 February 2016. and striking over 22,000 targets, including 139 tanks, 371 Humvees, and 1,216 pieces of oil infrastructure. Approximately 80% of these airstrikes have been conducted by American forces, with the remaining 20% being launched by other members of the coalition, such as the United Kingdom and Australia. 7,268 strikes hit targets in Iraq, while 3,602 hit targets in Syria. On 12 June 2016, it was reported that 120 IS leaders, commanders, propagandists, recruiters and other high-value individuals were killed so far this year.{{cite web|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/06/12/us-military-says-it-killed-more-120-islamic-state-leaders.html|title=U.S. Military Says it has Killed more than 120 Islamic State Leaders|publisher=military.com|date=12 June 2016}}

Until March 2016, U.S. military members were ineligible for Campaign Medals and other service decorations due to the continuing ambiguous nature of the continuing U.S. involvement in Iraq.{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/219402-service-members-not-eligible-for-medals-in-isis-campaign/|title=Troops not eligible for campaign medal in fight against ISIS|newspaper=The Hill|date=1 October 2014|access-date=6 October 2014}} However, on 30 March 2016, U.S. Secretary of Defense Ash Carter announced the creation of a new medal, named "Inherent Resolve Campaign Medal".{{Cite web |url=http://www.defense.gov/News-Article-View/Article/708382/carter-announces-operation-inherent-resolve-campaign-medal |title=Carter Announces Operation Inherent Resolve Campaign Medal > U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE > Article View |access-date=30 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413045428/http://www.defense.gov/News-Article-View/Article/708382/carter-announces-operation-inherent-resolve-campaign-medal |archive-date=13 April 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

On 3 June 2016, aircraft flying from the {{USS|Harry S. Truman}} in the Mediterranean Sea began airstrikes on IS.{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/uss-harry-truman-launches-airstrikes-against-isis-from-mediterranean-sea|title=USS Harry Truman launches airstrikes against ISIS from Mediterranean Sea|date=4 June 2016|publisher=Fox News}} On 16 June 2016, AV-8B II+ Harriers of the 13th MEU flying from the {{USS|Boxer|LHD-4|6}} in the Persian Gulf also began airstrikes on IS, marking the first time the U.S. Navy used ship-based aircraft from both the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf at the same time during Operation Inherent Resolve.{{cite news|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/harriers-from-uss-boxer-begin-airstrikes-against-islamic-state-1.415062|title=Harriers from USS Boxer begin airstrikes against Islamic State|newspaper=Stars and Stripes|date=17 June 2016}}

By 27 July 2016, U.S. and coalition partners had conducted more than 14,000 airstrikes in Iraq and Syria: Nearly 11,000 of those strikes were from U.S. aircraft and the majority of the strikes (more than 9,000) were in Iraq. Of the 26,374 targets hit, nearly 8,000 were against IS fighting positions, while approximately 6,500 hit buildings; IS staging areas and oil infrastructure were each hit around 1,600 times.{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/years-us-led-airstrikes-isis-syria-iraq-show/story?id=41206050|title=Two Years of U.S.-led Airstrikes on ISIS in Syria and Iraq in Numbers|work=ABC News|date=8 August 2016}} On 15 December 2016, the U.K. Defense Secretary Michael Fallon said that "more than 25,000 Daesh fighters have now been killed," a number that was half of the United States' estimate. When asked about this discrepancy, the UK's Ministry of Defense said that it stood by his estimate.{{cite news|title=UK puts number of ISIS fighters killed at half US figure|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/16/politics/uk-us-number-isis-fighters-killed/|work=CNN|author=Ryan Browne|date = 16 December 2016}}

Since the first U.S. airstrikes on IS targets in Iraq on 8 August 2014, over two years, the U.S. military has spent over $8.4 billion fighting IS.{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/nearly-45000-isis-linked-fighters-killed-in-past-2-years-us-military-official-says|title=Nearly 45,000 ISIS-linked fighters killed in past 2 years, US military official says|publisher=Fox News|date=10 August 2016}}

BBC News reported in 2017 that according to the American think tank Council on Foreign Relations, in 2016 alone, the U.S. dropped 12,192 bombs in Syria and 12,095 in Iraq.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39598979|title=How many bombs has Britain dropped in 2017?|publisher=BBC|date=15 April 2017}}

From August to December 2016, the U.S. conducted another similar operation in Libya, code-named Operation Odyssey Lightning, during the battle to capture Sirte, which was the local capital of IS's Libyan branch.{{Cite web|url=https://insidedefense.com/insider/libya-effort-named-operation-odyssey-lightning|title=Libya effort named 'Operation Odyssey Lightning' | InsideDefense.com|website=insidedefense.com}}{{cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/09/us-resumes-strikes-against-islamic-state-in-libya.php|title=US resumes strikes against Islamic State in Libya|date=30 September 2017|publisher=FDD's LONG WAR JOURNAL|access-date=5 October 2017}} In September 2017, the US Africa Command announced that 495 precision airstrikes were carried out and 800 to 900 IS fighters were killed during the operation in Sirte between 1 August and 19 December 2016.{{Cite web|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/09/us-resumes-strikes-against-islamic-state-in-libya.php|title=US resumes strikes against Islamic State in Libya {{!}} FDD's Long War Journal|date=2017-09-30|website=www.longwarjournal.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-02}} On 18 January 2017, US B-2 bombers bombed two IS camps to the south of Sirte, killing ninety IS militants.

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2017|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2017}}

According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Coalition airstrikes have killed 7,043 people across Syria, of which: 5,768 dead were IS fighters, 304 Al-Nusra Front militants and other rebels, 90 government soldiers and 881 civilians. The air strikes occurred in the period between 22 September 2014 and 23 January 2017.{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=59675|title=28 months of bombing by the international coalition kills more than 6900 persons in Syria, including 820 Syrian civilians|work=SOHR|date=23 January 2017|access-date=23 January 2017}}

In March 2017, various media outlets reported that conventional forces from the 11th MEU, as well as special operations forces in the form of the 75th Ranger RegimentGal Perl Finkel, [http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Win-the-close-fight-484803 Win the close fight], The Jerusalem Post, 21 March 2017. deployed to Syria to support U.S.-backed forces in liberating Raqqa from IS occupation. The deployment marked an escalation in the U.S. intervention in Syria.{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/08/politics/marines-raqqa-assault-syria/ |title=US Marines join local forces fighting in Raqqa|work=CNN|date=8 March 2017}}

By 28 February, the Coalition had conducted 3,271 sorties in 2017, 2,129 of which resulted in at least one weapon released. In total, the coalition released 7,040 weapons in Iraq and Syria in this same time period in an effort to destroy IS.{{Cite news|url=https://www.afcent.af.mil/Portals/82/Airpower%20Summary%20-%20February%202017.pdf?ver=2017-03-14-092505-083|title=Combined Forces Air Component Commander 2012–2017 Airpower Statistics – Feb 28|last=AFCENT/PA|date=28 Feb 2017|work=www.afcent.af.mil}}

As of 9 August 2017, coalition aircraft flew a total of 167,912 sorties, and conducted 13,331 strikes in Iraq and 11,235 strikes in Syria, for a total of 24,566 strikes.{{cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/OIR/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628034916/https://www.defense.gov/OIR/|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 June 2017|title=Special Report: Operation Inherent Resolve|website=U.S. Department of Defense|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-03}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2018|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2018}}

In February 2018, the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division was awarded a campaign streamer following its deployment to Iraq. In May 2016, the brigade deployed to advise and assist, train and equip Iraqi security forces to fight the Islamic State of Iraq. The 2nd Brigade also conducted precision surface-to-surface fires and supported a multitude of intelligence and logistical operations for coalition and Iraqi forces. They also provided base security throughout more than twelve areas of operations. The Brigade also aided in the clearance of IS from Fallujah, the near elimination of suicide attacks in Baghdad, and the introduction of improved tactics that liberated more than 100 towns and villages. The 2nd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division also played a significant role in the liberation of Mosul.{{cite web|url=http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/2018/02/23/101st-airborne-divisions-strike-brigade-receives-operation-inherent-resolve-streamer-following-iraq-deployment/ |title=101st Airborne Division's Strike Brigade receives Operation Inherent Resolve streamer following Iraq deployment – Clarksville, TN Online |publisher=Clarksvilleonline.com |date=2018-02-23 |access-date=2018-09-16}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2019|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2019}}

In early 2019, the US-led coalition focused on the final assault on ISIS in the Euphrates pocket, including the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani in the first quarter of the year. Civilian human shields held by ISIS were among the victims, including in one reported massacre on 19 March in which up to 300 civilians, including 45 children, were alleged to have been killed by Coalition forces.

From 8 August 2014, to 29 August 2019, coalition aircraft conducted a total of 34,573 strikes.{{Cite web|url=https://www.inherentresolve.mil/Media-Library/News-Releases/Article/1971680/combined-joint-task-force-operation-inherent-resolve-monthly-civilian-casualty/|title=Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve Monthly Civilian Casualty Report|date=26 September 2019|website=Operation Inherent Resolve|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-19|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629031317/https://www.inherentresolve.mil/Media-Library/News-Releases/Article/1971680/combined-joint-task-force-operation-inherent-resolve-monthly-civilian-casualty/|url-status=dead}}

On 27 October 2019, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was killed during the Barisha raid in Idlib Governorate.{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/26/politics/white-house-trump-announcement-sunday/index.html|title=ISIS leader al-Baghdadi believed to have been killed in a US military raid, sources say|website=CNN|date=27 October 2019}}

On 31 December 2019, the CJTF-OIR reported its forces were "closely monitoring the current situation of the protests at the US Embassy in Baghdad", adding that they were "taking the appropriate force protection measures to ensure [US Embassy personnel] safety".{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-protests-american-embassy-attack-violence-police-a9265131.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/iraq-protests-american-embassy-attack-violence-police-a9265131.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Baghdad embassy attack: Iraqi protesters storm US compound as gunshots ring out|work=The Independent|date=31 December 2019|access-date=31 December 2019}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War#2020|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2020}}

CJTF-OIR paused all training and anti-ISIS operations on 5 January 2020, to focus on protecting Iraqi bases hosting Coalition troops in the wake of several rocket attacks.{{cite web|url=https://www.inherentresolve.mil/Releases/News-Releases/Article/2050464/cjtf-oir-statement-on-the-ongoing-defeat-daesh-mission/|title=CJTF-OIR Statement on the ongoing Defeat Daesh Mission|publisher=Operation Inherent Resolve|date=5 January 2020|access-date=5 January 2020}} This action was also linked to the anticipated response against Coalition forces in the wake of the killing of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani.{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/isis-coalition-iraq-iran-threat-69405aae-0475-41b0-86ed-0737808d8751.html|title=Anti-ISIS coalition suspends operations due to Iran threat|publisher=Axios|date=5 January 2020|access-date=5 January 2020}} In March 2020, the U.S. military started to withdraw from various bases in Iraq.{{cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5812118/us-forces-iraq-base/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329144826/https://time.com/5812118/us-forces-iraq-base/|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 March 2020|title=U.S.-Led Forces Pull Out of Third Iraqi Base This Month|magazine=Time|date=30 March 2020}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war#2021|American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)#2021}}

{{Update section|date=July 2021}}

On 31 March 2021, Carrier Air Wing Three launched naval flight operations in support of Operation Inherent Resolve. The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and its carrier strike group were expected to lead Task Force 50, which oversees Operation Inherent Resolve's naval strike operations.{{cite news|url=https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2021/04/01/ike-carrier-strike-group-launches-flight-operations-against-isis/|work=Navy Times|date=1 April 2021|access-date=8 February 2022|title=Ike Carrier Strike Group launches flight operations against ISIS}}

{{Further|Timeline of the American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war#2022}}

On 3 April, U.S. forces killed senior Islamic State leader Khalid 'Aydd Ahmad al-Jabouri, who was allegedly planning attacks in Europe during Easter, in an overnight drone strike on the outskirts of rebel-held town of Killi, Idlib in northwest Syria.{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/us-drone-strike-kills-senior-isis-leader-plotted-attacks-europe-rcna78065 |title=U.S. says drone strike kills senior ISIS leader who plotted attacks in Europe |publisher=NBC News |date=4 April 2023 }}

On 9 July, US Central Command announced that a U.S. MQ-9 drone which had been harassed by Russian aircraft for almost two hours had on 7 July killed an ISIS leader called Usamah al-Muhajir,{{cite press release|url=https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/PRESS-RELEASES/Press-Release-View/Article/3452128/us-airstrike-targets-isis-leader-in-eastern-syria/ |title=U.S. Airstrike Targets ISIS Leader in Eastern Syria |publisher=US Central Command|date=9 July 2023|id=20230709-01}} who had been riding his motorcycle on the road linking al-Bab with Bizaah.{{cite web |url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/31891-US-military-confirms-death-of-ISIS-leader-Usamah-al-Muhajir |title=US military confirms death of ISIS leader Usamah al-Muhajir |publisher=Kurdistan 24 |date=9 July 2023 }}

On 24 August, the U.S. Military stated that Major General Joel ‘JB’ Vowell had assumed command of anti-ISIS operation also known as Operation Inherent Resolve, from Major General Matthew McFarlane.{{Cite web |title=US appoints new commander for anti-ISIS mission in Kurdistan |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/isis-threat/article-756358 |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |date=26 August 2023 |language=en-US}}

On 20 November, the United States Central Command has announced that, in the months of September and October, it has conducted, along with coalition and other partners, a total of 79 operations in Iraq and Syria resulting in 13 ISIS operatives killed and 78 detained.{{Cite web |title=September/October 2023 Month in Review: The Defeat ISIS Mission in Iraq and Syria |url=https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/PRESS-RELEASES/Press-Release-View/Article/3599951/septemberoctober-2023-month-in-review-the-defeat-isis-mission-in-iraq-and-syria/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centcom.mil%2FMEDIA%2FPRESS-RELEASES%2FPress-Release-View%2FArticle%2F3599951%2Fseptemberoctober-2023-month-in-review-the-defeat-isis-mission-in-iraq-and-syria%2F |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=U.S. Central Command |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=September/October 2023 Month in Review: The Defeat ISIS Mission in Iraq and Syria |url=https://twitter.com/CENTCOM/status/1726662297463263622 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}

On 30 August, United States Central Command reported that "[U.S.] forces and Iraqi Security Forces conducted a partnered raid in Western Iraq in the early hours of Aug. 29, resulting in the death of 15 ISIS operatives."{{Cite web |last=U.S. Central Command |title=X |url=https://x.com/CENTCOM/status/1829690125896351762 }} It was later confirmed that 7 U.S. troopers were injured during the operation.{{Cite web |last1=Gambrell |first1=Jon |last2=Simkins |first2=Jon |date=2024-08-31 |title=15 ISIS militants killed, 7 US troops injured during Iraq raid |url=https://www.militarytimes.com/breaking-news/2024/08/31/15-isis-militants-killed-7-us-troops-injured-during-iraq-raid/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=Military Times |language=en}}

On 31 December, French Defense Minister Sébastien Lecornu reported that French forces had carried "targeted strikes against Daech" targets "on Syrian soil", dropping seven bombs on two targets on December 29.{{Cite web | title=Guerres au Proche-Orient : « Près de 30 morts » dans des frappes israéliennes à Gaza ; le Hamas annonce une reprise des pourparlers pour une trêve | url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/live/2024/12/31/en-direct-syrie-la-france-a-mene-des-frappes-dimanche-contre-des-sites-du-groupe-etat-islamique-selon-sebastien-lecornu_6470810_3210.html | access-date=2025-04-27 | website=www.lemonde.fr}} Multiple planes and a drone executed the strike off from Prince Hassan Air Base in Jordania.{{Cite web | title=La France a mené plusieurs frappes contre des sites de Daesh en Syrie | url=https://www.bfmtv.com/international/moyen-orient/syrie/la-france-a-mene-plusieurs-frappes-contre-des-sites-de-daesh-en-syrie_AN-202412310222.html | access-date=2025-04-27 | website=www.bfmtv.com}}

On 1 January 2025, an American man inspired by ISIS killed 15 people and injured 57 in a truck attack in New Orleans.{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2025/01/01/new-orleans-terror-attack-suspect-linked-to-islamic-state/ |title=New Orleans attack: Terrorist with suspected Islamic State links rams into New Year's Day revellers |first=Susie |last=Coen |website=The Daily Telegraph |date=January 2, 2025 |access-date=January 2, 2025}} On January 9, the Islamic State, in the 477th issue of its weekly newsletter "Al-Naba", praised the attack and Jabbar himself, calling on other supporters to follow in his footsteps.{{Cite news |date=9 January 2025 |title=IS Promotes New Orleans Attack, Remarks Such Operations Prove Group and its Messaging Remain a Living Threat |url=https://ent.siteintelgroup.com/Jihadist-Threat-Statements/is-promotes-new-orleans-attack-remarks-such-operations-prove-group-and-its-messaging-remain-a-living-threat.html |work=SITE}}

{{Further|Military intervention against the Islamic State aerial order of battle}}

United States Air Force, United States Navy & United States Marine Corps units that are participating in this operations can be found in the aerial and ground order of battle.

{{army|United States}}

U.S. and coalition forces are training Iraqi forces at four sites: in al-Asad in Anbar province, Erbil in the north, and Taji and Besmayah in the Baghdad area.

25px Combined Joint Forces Land Component Command-Iraq

• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army 1st Infantry Division.svg|size=23px}} 1st Infantry Division 1st Cavalry division

Division Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion

• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the U.S. Army 82nd Airborne Division.svg|size=23px}} 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division (January – September 2015).{{cite web|url=http://www.centcom.mil/en/news/articles/warrior-brigade-assumes-mission-in-iraq|title=Warrior Brigade assumes mission in Iraq|publisher=U.S. Central Command – DoD|access-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930023044/http://www.centcom.mil/en/news/articles/warrior-brigade-assumes-mission-in-iraq|archive-date=30 September 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
• 2nd Battalion, 505th Infantry Regiment
• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division.svg|size=23px}} 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division
• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the U.S. Army 10th Mountain Division.svg|size=23px}} 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division (September 2015 – June 2016).
• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army 101st Airborne Division.svg|size=23px}} 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) (June 2016 – January 2017).{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/172903/department_of_the_army_announces_101st_airborne_division_deployment|title=Department of the Army announces 101st Airborne Division deployment|date=11 August 2016 |publisher=U.S. Army|access-date=11 October 2016}}
• 1st Battalion, 502nd Infantry Regiment{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/174319/us_soldiers_build_elite_iraqi_force_with_ranger_training|title=US Soldiers build elite Iraqi force with ranger training|date=2 September 2016 |publisher=U.S. Army|access-date=11 October 2016}}
• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the U.S. Army 82nd Airborne Division.svg|size=23px}} 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division (January 2017 – October 2017)
• 2nd Battalion, 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment
• {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Army 1st Cavalry Division.svg|size=23px}} 2nd Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery Regiment (January 2017 – October 2017){{cite web|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/lightning-tal-afar-battle-tests-us-soldiers-agility-1.485511|title=Lightning Tal Afar battle tests US soldiers' agility|publisher=Stars and Stripes|access-date=22 October 2019}}
• 28th Expeditionary Combat Aviation Brigade, 28th Infantry Division
• 35th Combat Aviation Brigade, 35th Infantry Division (Summer 2018- Summer 2019){{Cite web|url=https://www.usarcent.army.mil/News/Features/Article/1845873/35th-combat-aviation-brigades-southwest-asia-deployment-ends/|title = 35th Combat Aviation Brigade's Southwest Asia deployment ends}}
• 3rd Cavalry Regiment (Spring 2018 – Spring 2019){{fact|date=December 2023}}

{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States Marine Corps.svg}} United States Marine Corps

• Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF){{cite web|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2015/01/05/isis-fires-mortars-near-marines-deployed-to-train-iraq-forces.html|title=ISIS Fires Mortars Near Marines Deployed to Train Iraq Forces|publisher=Military.com|access-date=29 May 2015}}
• Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force – Crisis Response – Central Command{{cite web|url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2015/03/06/is-fighters-pushed-out-al-baghdadi/24512249/|title=IS militants pushed out of village near Marine base|author=Hope Hodge Seck |date=6 March 2015|work=Marine Corps Times|access-date=29 May 2015}}

{{See also|List of the United States military installations in Iraq|List of American military installations#Syria joint bases}}

File:A US Military Base in northeast Syria 2021.png-U.S. military base in northeastern Syria, near Rmelan, in 2021.{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/extremism-watch_voa-exclusive-inside-us-military-base-syria/6207951.html#:~:text=In%20late%20June%2C%20VOA%20gained,known%20as%20ISIS%20and%20Daesh.|title=VOA Exclusive: Inside a US Military Base in Syria|work=VOA News|date=7 July 2021|access-date=16 January 2022}}]]

During the operation in Syria, there were several bases mostly in the north:{{cite web|url=https://www.memri.org/reports/syrian-opposition-website-provides-details-locations-us-bases-northern-syria|title=Syrian Opposition Website Provides Details Of Locations Of U.S. Bases In Northern Syria|website=memri.org|date=23 September 2019}}

{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}

• Al-Hasakah Governorate
• Ash Shaddadi
• Hasaka Dam
• Kharab al-Jeer{{cite web|url=https://popularresistance.org/us-expands-military-footprint-in-syria-to-eight-base/|title=US Expands Military Footprint in Syria to Eight Bases|website=popularresistance.org|date=6 July 2017}} near Al-Malikiyah
• Rmelan (airbase)
• Tal Tamir
• Tell Beydar{{cite tweet |user=obretix |number=1012032827444154372 |date=27 June 2018 |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629152815/https://twitter.com/obretix/status/1012032827444154372 |title=pictures of C-17 Globemaster and C-130J Hercules at the airfield between Tell Tamr and Tell Baydar in northern Syria }}
• Aleppo Governorate
• Ayn al-Arab
• Dadat (outpost){{cite web|url=https://www.apnews.com/339b22f589ba46cf999a6ec7c0f927de|title=US forces in Syria seen setting up new front-line positions|work=apnews|date=4 April 2018}}
• Harab Isk (airbase){{cite news |publisher=Anadolu Agency |title=France cooperating with PKK/YPG terrorists: Coalition |first1=Faruk |last1=Zorlu |first2=Hakan |last2=Copur |date=19 June 2018 |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/france-cooperating-with-pkk-ypg-terrorists-coalition/1178383 |quote=According to information obtained by Anadolu Agency on March 30 from local sources, more than 70 French special forces under the international coalition against Daesh are stationed at the Lafarge Cement factory near the strategic Mistanur Hill and Harab-Isk village in southern Ayn al-Arab province (Kobani).}}{{cite tweet |number=1016609763780591616 |user=obretix |date=10 July 2018 |title=US Army Apache helicopter at the Lafarge cement plant in northern Syria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710231944/https://twitter.com/obretix/status/1016609763780591616/video/1 |archive-date=10 July 2018}}
• Sabt (airbase){{cite web|url=http://www.basnews.com/index.php/en/news/middle-east/269248|title=US Changes Plan of Building Air Base in Syrian Kurdistan|work=basnews|date=9 April 2016}}
• Sarrin{{cite news |url=https://theaviationist.com/?p=56816 |quote=Another U.S. airfield is located in northern Syria: Sarrin. The base was built in 2016 and the first aircraft appeared to operate from there in July 2017. |title=Here Are The First Photographs Of U.S. Air Force C-17 and Marine Corps KC-130J Operating From New U.S. Airfield in Northern Syria |date=27 June 2018 |first=David |last=Cenciotti |publisher=The Aviationist}}
• Ushariya (outpost)
• Deir ez-Zor Governorate
• al-Omar oil fields{{cite news |url=https://taskandpurpose.com/syria-insider-attack/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180809152842/https://taskandpurpose.com/syria-insider-attack/ |archive-date=9 August 2018 |title=Exclusive: The Insider Attack In Syria That The Pentagon Denies Ever Happened |first=Paul |last=Szoldra |date=8 August 2018 |publisher=Task & Purpose}}{{cite tweet |title=picture of "some of the Marines of Weapons Co., 2/7, in Syria" from https://taskandpurpose.com/syria-insider-attack/ … geolocated to administrative and housing complex at Omar oil field |user=obretix |author=Samir |number=1027244550522392577 |date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809160325/https://twitter.com/obretix/status/1027244550522392577 |archive-date=9 August 2018}}
• Mission Support Site Conoco
• "Green Village"{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-03-12/us-troops-syria-civil-war-biden|newspaper=LA Times|title=Inside U.S. troops' stronghold in Syria, a question of how long Biden will keep them there|date=12 March 2021|access-date=11 December 2021}}
• Homs Governorate
• Al-Tanf
• Raqqa Governorate
• Ayn Issa
• al-Tabqah (airbase)
• Tal al-Samn

{{div col end}}

However, following the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria, most U.S. soldiers withdrew from northern Syria to western Iraq in October 2019,{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50117765|title=US troops leaving Syria will go to Iraq, says Pentagon chief|website=BBC News|date=20 October 2019}} while even bombing their own Lafarge basement near Harab Isk.{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/30569/satellite-photos-call-into-question-impact-of-u-s-bombing-its-own-syrian-base-after-retreat|title=Satellite Photos Call Into Question Impact Of U.S. Bombing Its Own Syrian Base After Retreat|website=The Drive|date=22 October 2019}}

Meanwhile, The New York Times reported that the Pentagon was planning to "leave 150 Special Operations forces at a base called al-Tanf".{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/world/europe/syria-us-assad-kurds-turkey.html|title=Assad Forces Surge Forward in Syria as U.S. Pulls Back|website=The New York Times|date=14 October 2019}} In addition, 200 U.S. soldiers would remain in eastern Syria near the oil fields, to prevent the Islamic State, Syrian government and Russian forces from advancing in the region.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/20/world/middleeast/trump-troops-syria-turkey.html|title=Trump Said to Favor Leaving a Few Hundred Troops in Eastern Syria|website=The New York Times|date=20 October 2019}} However, at least 600–900 U.S. Troops are expected to stay in Syria,{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/30/world/middleeast/us-troops-syria-trump.html|title=Hundreds of U.S. Troops Leaving, and Also Arriving in, Syria|website=The New York Times|date=30 October 2019}} in Al-Hasakah and Deir ez-Zor Governorates.{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/30831/u-s-special-ops-soldier-talks-to-reporter-in-syrian-oil-fields-as-mission-remains-in-flux|title=U.S. Special Ops Soldier Talks To Reporter In Syrian Oil Fields As Mission Remains In Flux|website=The Drive|date=4 November 2019}} In July 2020, the U.S. military built a new base including an airport, located between Um Kahif village and Tal Alu silos near Al-Yaarubiyah.{{cite web|url=https://www.albawaba.com/news/american-entrenchment-us-builds-new-military-air-base-syrias-hasakah-1366082|title=American Entrenchment: US Builds New Military Air Base in Syria's Hasakah|website=albawaba.com|date=2 July 2020}}

On December 19th 2024 the US government released a statement regarding the true size of the US presence to be 2000 troops.

[https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/4013726/dod-announces-2000-troops-in-syria-department-prepared-for-government-shutdown/#:~:text=The%20Defense%20Department%20today%20announced,Press%20Secretary%20Air%20Force%20Maj. defense.gov]

File:CJTF OIR CG & CSM Visit Forces in Syria 2021.jpg Walter C. Puckett greets coalition personnel in Al-Hasakah, Syria on 18 August 2021]]

According to Airwars, in 2014 there were 63 incidents involving the US-led coalition in Iraq and Syria in which there were civilian casualties, causing at least 160 civilian deaths. In 2015, there were 268 incidents and 708 deaths. In 2016, there were 483 incidents and 1,372 deaths. Civilian casualties peaked in 2017, with 1,841 incidents and at least 4,677 civilian deaths.{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2019 |url=https://airwars.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-Annual-Report-Web.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126113609/https://airwars.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/2019-Annual-Report-Web.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2023 |website=airwars.org |page=8}}

According to Airwars, 1,472 civilians were killed by the U.S. air campaign in Iraq and Syria in March 2017 alone."[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/us-coalition-air-strikes-isis-russia-kill-more-civilians-march-middle-east-iraq-syria-network-for-a7663881.html US-led coalition killed more Syrian civilians than Isis or Russia in March, figures show]". The Independent. 28 March 2017. On 17 March, a U.S.-led coalition airstrike in Mosul killed more than 200 civilians."[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-air-strike-mosul-200-civilians-killed-isis-northern-iraq-pentagon-central-command-islamic-state-a7651451.html US admits it conducted Mosul air strike 'at location' where '200' civilians died]". The Independent. 26 March 2017. Data compiled by Airwars shows that 229 strikes in Iraq and 878 strikes in Syria were carried out by Coalition forces in June 2017, killing an alleged total of 1,483 people. The reporting of 875 of those total alleged deaths is contested. In July 2017, Airwars recorded reports of an alleged 1,342 people were killed in Iraq and Syria by Coalition airstrikes. Of the allegations 812 were contested, and two were disproved."[https://airwars.org/data/ Data]". Airwars. 6 August 2017.

Casualty figures fell after the 2017 peak. According to Airwars, 2018 saw 192 incidents and 846 deaths; 2019 saw 72 incidents and 467 deaths. In 2019, the casualties were concentrated in the first quarter during the Battle of Baghuz Fawqani including an alleged massacre of civilian human shields on 19 March.

By 2020, Airwars had recorded a five-year total of 14,771 US-led Coalition strikes in Iraq and 19,829 in Syria and investigated 2,921 alleged civilian casualty incidents, estimating 8,259–13,135 civilian deaths, of whom around 2,000 were children, although the Coalition itself estimated just 1,377 or 1,417 civilian deaths.{{cite web | title=US-led Coalition in Iraq & Syria | website=Airwars | date=2020-01-20 | url=https://airwars.org/conflict/coalition-in-iraq-and-syria/ | access-date=2020-08-05}}{{Cite news |last=Levenson |first=Michael |date=2021-12-18 |title=What to Know About the Civilian Casualty Files |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/18/us/airstrikes-civilian-casualty-files-pentagon.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |issn=0362-4331}}

Airwars states that coalition counts 1,377 civilian deaths, and New York Times states that US military counts 1,417 civilian deaths.

The New York Times reported that efforts to minimize and count civilian deaths fell far short of the approach promised by the US military for its use of airstrikes in the war against IS. The newspaper reported that airstrikes against IS, as well as in the war in Afghanistan, was marked by "flawed intelligence, poor targeting and thousands of civilian deaths." It also reported that efforts to minimize civilian casualties diminished after President Trump assumed office in 2017, stating "... the authority to approve strikes was pushed further down the chain of command, even as an overwhelming majority of strikes were carried out in the heat of war, and not planned far in advance." Finally, the paper reported that the US military systematically under-reported casualties, providing a total death count of 1,417, when the actual count was significantly higher. The report states that the military made little effort to accurately determine civilian casualties after the airstrikes. The military was also reluctant to divulge information about the casualties, in spite of promises of transparency, and news media were required to make numerous requests under the Freedom of Information Act, and had to repeatedly sue the US military to produce data.{{Cite news |last=Levenson |first=Michael |date=2021-12-18 |title=What to Know About the Civilian Casualty Files |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/18/us/airstrikes-civilian-casualty-files-pentagon.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Azmat |date=2021-12-18 |title=Hidden Pentagon Records Reveal Patterns of Failure in Deadly Airstrikes |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/12/18/us/airstrikes-pentagon-records-civilian-deaths.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |issn=0362-4331}}

{{Cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Azmat |last2=Hassan |first2=Lila |last3=Almukhtar |first3=Sarah |last4=Shorey |first4=Rachel |date=2021-12-18 |title=The Civilian Casualty Files |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/civilian-casualty-files.html |access-date=2023-01-20 |issn=0362-4331}}

During the years 2014 to 2019, an Air Force special operations group named Talon Anvil killed a significant number of non-combatant civilians, and often failed to follow US military protocols designed to minimize civilian casualties.{{Cite news |last1=Philipps |first1=Dave |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Mazzetti |first3=Mark |date=2021-12-12 |title=Civilian Deaths Mounted as Secret Unit Pounded ISIS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/us/civilian-deaths-war-isis.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In one particular strike, the March 2019 Baghuz airstrike, approximately 50 women and children were killed, and the Air Force subsequently covered the deaths up.{{Cite news |last1=Philipps |first1=Dave |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |date=2021-11-13 |title=How the U.S. Hid an Airstrike That Killed Dozens of Civilians in Syria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/13/us/us-airstrikes-civilian-deaths.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} The Talon Anvil group operated under the auspices of Task Force 9, which was the US military unit responsible for ground operations in the war against IS in Syria. The group consisted of about twenty plainclothes military personnel that operated out of anonymous office buildings in Iraq and Syria. In December 2021, the US Secretary of Defense ordered an investigation into the civilian deaths caused by Talon Anvil's bombing strikes.

• Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, commander headquarters of ongoing operations
• Military intervention against the Islamic State aerial order of battle
• German intervention against the Islamic State, also named Operation Counter Daesh, related German operations
• Opération Chammal, name for similar French operations
• Operation Impact, name for similar Canadian operations
• Operation Martyr Yalçın, name for similar Turkish operation against IS
• Operation Okra, name for similar Australian operations
• Operation Shader, name for similar British operations
• Operation Tidal Wave II, name of a suboperation against IS oil infrastructure

{{Reflist|30em}}

Books

• {{cite book |title=Degrade and Destroy: The Inside Story of the War Against the Islamic State, from Barack Obama to Donald Trump |last=Gordon |first=Michael R. |year=2022 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York |isbn=978-0374279899}}
• {{cite book |title=The US War Against ISIS: How America and its Allies Defeated the Caliphate |last=Stein |first=Aaron |year=2022 |publisher=I.B. Tauris & Company, Limited |location=London |isbn=9780755634828}}
• {{cite book |series=Project Air Force |title=The Air War Against the Islamic State: The Role of Airpower in Operation Inherent Resolve |last1=Wasser |first1=Becca |last2=Pettyjohn|first2=Stacie L. |last3=Martini |first3=Jeffrey |last4=Evans |first4=Alexandra T. |last5=Mueller |first5=Karl P. |last6=Edenfield |first6=Nathaniel |last7=Tarini |first7=Gabrielle |last8=Haberman |first8=Ryan |last9=Zeman |first9=Jalen |year=2021|publisher=RAND Corporation |location=Santa Monica, Calif. |url = https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA388-1.html |isbn=978-1-9774-0605-7}}
• {{cite book |series=U.S. Army Campaigns in Iraq |last=Watson |first=Mason W. |title=The Conflict with ISIS: Operation Inherent Resolve, June 2014-January 2020 |place=Washington, D.C. | url = https://history.army.mil/catalog/pubs/78/78-2.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220128080145/https://history.army.mil/catalog/pubs/78/78-2.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 28 January 2022 |publisher=U.S. Army Center of Military History |year=2021}}

{{Commons category|Operation Inherent Resolve}}

• [http://www.inherentresolve.mil/ Operation Inherent Resolve] – Official Website
• [http://theglobalcoalition.org/ Global Coalition] – Official Website
• [https://warontherocks.com/2018/05/air-superiority-under-2000-feet-lessons-from-waging-drone-warfare-against-isil/ Air Superiority Under 2000 Feet: Lessons From Waging Drone Warfare Against ISIL]

{{Military intervention against ISIL}}

{{Post-Cold War Asian conflicts}}

{{Presidency of Barack Obama}}

{{First presidency of Donald Trump}}

{{Presidency of Joe Biden}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:2010s in Syria

Category:Battles involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

Category:Counterterrorism in the United States

Category:Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration

Category:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the United States

Category:Military operations of the War in Iraq (2013–2017) involving the United States

Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the United States

Category:Operations involving special forces

Category:Presidency of Barack Obama

Category:First presidency of Donald Trump

Category:Presidency of Joe Biden