:Osmaniye
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{{More citations needed|date=June 2010}}
{{Infobox Turkey place
| type = municipality
| name = Osmaniye
| other_name =
| image_skyline = Osmaniye flag.JPG
| image_caption = Centre of Osmaniye city
| image_logo = Osmaniye Belediyesi logo.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|37|04|30|N|36|15|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| province = Osmaniye
| district = Osmaniye
| leader_party = MHP
| leader_name = İbrahim Çenet
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 252186
| population_as_of = 2022
| postal_code = 80000
| area_code = 0328
| website = {{url|https://osmaniye-bld.gov.tr/}}
}}
Osmaniye ({{IPA|tr|osˈmaːnije|pron}}) is a city on the eastern edge of the Çukurova plain in southern Turkey. It is the seat of Osmaniye Province and Osmaniye District.[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İl Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023. Its population is 252,186 (2022).{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=13 March 2023|publisher=TÜİK|language=en|format=XLS}}
Backed by the foothills of the Nur Mountains, Osmaniye lay on one of the old Silk Roads and was always a place of strategic importance since it straddled the main route between Anatolia and the Middle East.
Osmaniye lies at the centre of a rich agricultural region watered by the Ceyhan river and known for growing peanuts. During the intensely hot summers many residents escape either to the Mediterranean coast or into the Nur mountains. The yayla of Zorkun is a particularly popular mountain retreat.
Osmaniye is strongly associated with Devlet Bahçeli, the leader of the MHP, who was its member of parliament for many years.
History
Although Osmaniye was probably ruled in turn by the Hittites, Persians, Byzantines and Armenians, there is nothing left to show their presence in the modern city.
An Islamic presence was first established by the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid, auxiliaries in his army being the first Turks to fight in Anatolia. They obviously liked the area and following the Turkish victory over the Byzantines at Malazgirt in 1071 waves of Turkish conquest began. The Nur Mountains were settled by the Ulaşlı tribe of the Turkmens.
The Ulaşlı remained the dominant local power into the period of the Ottoman Empire and were even involved in the Celali uprisings, during a period of crisis for the Ottomans in the 17th century. Eventually, in 1865 the Ottoman general Derviş Paşa was charged with bringing law and order to the Çukurova. He established his headquarters in the Osmaniye villages of Dereobası, Fakıuşağı and Akyar and brought the Ulaşlı down from the mountains to the village of Hacıosmanlı. This eventually became the province of Osmaniye. It was named as Cebeli Bereket during the Ottoman period and was renamed after the formation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.{{cite book|author=Kathryn Libal|editor=Benjamin C. Fortna |title=Childhood in the Late Ottoman Empire and After|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305809|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden; Boston |isbn=978-90-04-30580-9|page=52|volume=59|chapter=Child Poverty and Emerging Children’s Rights Discourse in Early Republican Turkey|year=2015|doi=10.1163/9789004305809 |url=http://www.doabooks.org/doab?func=fulltext&uiLanguage=en&rid=18389 }}
Between 1924 and 1933 the city of Osmaniye was the capital of the province of the same name. However, in 1933 the province was abolished and Osmaniye became the district governorate for Adana province. Then in 1996 Osmaniye was reinstated as Turkey's 80th province with the city of Osmaniye as its capital. Since then it has received more investment for infrastructure and now feels more like a city than the market town of old.
Local attractions
Osmaniye town has few attractions for visitors other than the city-centre Kent Müzesi (City Museum).{{Cite web |last=Yale |first=Pat |title=Osmaniye |url=http://www.turkeyfromtheinside.com/places-to-go/q/120-osmaniye.html}} However, it makes a good base for visiting the scant remains of the nearby Roman city of Hierapolis-Castabala which huddles at the base of a craggy rock with a castle, probably built by the Armenians, perched on top of it.{{Cite web |last=Yale |first=Pat |title=HİERAPOLİS-CASTABALA |url=http://www.turkeyfromtheinside.com/places-to-go/q/42-places-to-go/594-herapols-castabala.html}}
Climate
{{Annotated image
|image=Koppen-Geiger_Map_TUR_present_with_provinces.svg
|image-width=5000
|image-left=-2050
|image-top=-1450
|width=200
|height=200
|float=right
|annotations=
|caption=Köppen map of Osmaniye Province and surrounding regions:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution". Nature Scientific Data. DOI:[https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2018214 10.1038/sdata.2018.214].
{{legend-col
|thumb size=wide
|{{legend|#FFFF00|Csa}}
|{{legend|#C6C700|Csb}}
|{{legend|#FF00FE|Dsa}}
|{{legend|#C600C7|Dsb}}
}}
}}
Osmaniye has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs) with very hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
Highest recorded temperature: {{Convert|45.6|C|F|abbr=on}} on 13 August 2023
Lowest recorded temperature: {{Convert|-8.5|C|F|abbr=on}} on 4 January 1989
{{Weather box
|metric first= Yes
|single line= Yes
|location= Osmaniye (1991–2020, extremes 1987–present)
|collapsed =
| Jan record high C = 24.9
| Feb record high C = 28.0
| Mar record high C = 33.8
| Apr record high C = 36.5
| May record high C = 41.7
| Jun record high C = 42.6
| Jul record high C = 42.8
| Aug record high C = 45.6
| Sep record high C = 45.0
| Oct record high C = 38.4
| Nov record high C = 31.7
| Dec record high C = 29.0
| year record high C = 45.6
| Jan high C = 14.5
| Feb high C = 16.0
| Mar high C = 19.3
| Apr high C = 23.3
| May high C = 27.7
| Jun high C = 31.3
| Jul high C = 33.4
| Aug high C = 34.3
| Sep high C = 32.2
| Oct high C = 28.4
| Nov high C = 21.8
| Dec high C = 16.1
| year high C = 24.9
| Jan mean C = 8.8
| Feb mean C = 10.1
| Mar mean C = 13.2
| Apr mean C = 17.0
| May mean C = 21.3
| Jun mean C = 25.2
| Jul mean C = 27.9
| Aug mean C = 28.6
| Sep mean C = 25.7
| Oct mean C = 21.2
| Nov mean C = 14.6
| Dec mean C = 10.1
| year mean C = 18.6
| Jan low C = 3.8
| Feb low C = 4.7
| Mar low C = 7.5
| Apr low C = 11.0
| May low C = 15.1
| Jun low C = 19.1
| Jul low C = 22.6
| Aug low C = 23.3
| Sep low C = 19.6
| Oct low C = 14.6
| Nov low C = 8.4
| Dec low C = 5.1
| year low C = 12.9
| Jan record low C = -8.5
| Feb record low C = -6.8
| Mar record low C = -4.0
| Apr record low C = 0.1
| May record low C = 4.6
| Jun record low C = 11.5
| Jul record low C = 15.0
| Aug record low C = 15.0
| Sep record low C = 7.8
| Oct record low C = 4.1
| Nov record low C = -4.5
| Dec record low C = -5.4
| year record low C = -8.5
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 106.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 99.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 116.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 87.2
| May precipitation mm = 74.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 42.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 19.8
| Aug precipitation mm = 10.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 34.6
| Oct precipitation mm = 68.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 86.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 93.0
| year precipitation mm = 839.8
| Jan precipitation days = 9.87
| Feb precipitation days = 9.57
| Mar precipitation days = 10.63
| Apr precipitation days = 10.33
| May precipitation days = 7.63
| Jun precipitation days = 3.3
| Jul precipitation days = 1.6
| Aug precipitation days = 1.37
| Sep precipitation days = 3.43
| Oct precipitation days = 6.57
| Nov precipitation days = 6.73
| Dec precipitation days = 9.23
| year precipitation days = 80.3
| Jan sun = 99.2
| Feb sun = 98.9
| Mar sun = 139.5
| Apr sun = 162.0
| May sun = 210.8
| Jun sun = 228.0
| Jul sun = 238.7
| Aug sun = 226.3
| Sep sun = 207.0
| Oct sun = 164.3
| Nov sun = 114.0
| Dec sun = 99.2
| year sun =
| Jand sun = 3.2
| Febd sun = 3.5
| Mard sun = 4.5
| Aprd sun = 5.4
| Mayd sun = 6.8
| Jund sun = 7.6
| Juld sun = 7.7
| Augd sun = 7.3
| Sepd sun = 6.9
| Octd sun = 5.3
| Novd sun = 3.8
| Decd sun = 3.2
| yeard sun = 5.6
| Jan humidity = 64.9
| Feb humidity = 63.0
| Mar humidity = 63.9
| Apr humidity = 64.5
| May humidity = 63.6
| Jun humidity = 62.9
| Jul humidity = 66.4
| Aug humidity = 65.2
| Sep humidity = 60.8
| Oct humidity = 59.3
| Nov humidity = 61.5
| Dec humidity = 66.5
| year humidity = 63.6
|source 1 = Turkish State Meteorological Service{{cite web
| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=OSMANIYE
| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)
| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service
| language = tr
| access-date = 7 August 2021}}
| source 2 = NOAA (humidity){{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Osmaniye_17355.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Osmaniye
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 17, 2024}}
}}
Notable Peoples
- Ümit Besen, singer
- Devlet Bahçeli, politician
- Ruhi Ersoy, politician
- Derya Yanık, politician
- Samet Aybaba, football manager
- Adnan Aybaba, football commentator and former player
Mayors of Osmaniye
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- {{in lang|tr}} [http://www.osmaniye.bel.tr/ Osmaniye municipality's official website]
- {{in lang|en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824141105/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=OSMANIYE Osmaniye weather forecast information]
- {{in lang|tr}} [http://www.osmaniyefm.com/ Osmaniye fm radio website]
{{Osmaniye District}}