:Sablefish

File:Anoplopoma fimbria.png

The sablefish is a species of deep-sea fish common to the North Pacific Ocean.{{ITIS |id=167123 |taxon=Anoplopoma fimbria |accessdate=24 January 2006}} Adult sablefish are opportunistic piscivores, preying on Alaskan pollock, eulachon, capelin, herring, sandlance, and Pacific cod, as well as squid, euphausiids, and jellyfish.{{cite tech report|author=Yang, M-S |author2= M. W. Nelson |year=2000|title= Food habits of the commercially important groundfishes in the Gulf of Alaska in 1990, 1993, and 1996|institution= NOAA Technical Memorandum |number= NMFS-AFSC-112|page=174}} Sablefish are long-lived, with a maximum recorded age of 94 years{{cite journal| last1= Kimura| first1= Daniel K.|first2= A. M. | last2= Shaw | first3= F. R. | last3= Shaw |year=1998|title= Stock Structure and movement of tagged sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, in offshore northeast Pacific waters and the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation on migration and growth|journal= Fish. Bull. |volume=96|pages= 462–481}} although the majority of the commercial catch in many areas is less than 20 years old.

Sablefish growth varies regionally, with larger maximum sizes in Alaska, where total lengths up to {{cvt|114|cm|ftin}} weights up to {{cvt|25|kg|lbs}} have been recorded.{{Cite web|url=https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=sablefish.main|title= Sablefish Species Profile| publisher= Alaska Department of Fish and Game| website=adfg.alaska.gov|language= en|access-date= 2020-04-07}} However, average lengths are typically below {{cvt|70|cm|ftin}} and {{cvt|4|kg|lb}}.

Tagging studies have indicated that sablefish have been observed to move as much as {{cvt|2000|km}} before recapture with one study estimating an average distance between release and recapture of {{cvt|602|km}}, with an average annual movement of {{cvt|191|km}}.{{Cite journal|last1=Beamish|first1=R. J.|last2= McFarlane|first2=C. A.|date=1988|title= Resident and Dispersal Behavior of Adult Sablefish (Anaplopoma fimbria) in the Slope Waters off Canada's West Coast|journal=Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences|volume=45|issue= 1|pages=152–164|doi=10.1139/f88-017|issn=0706-652X}}{{Cite journal| last1=Hanselman|first1=Dana H.|last2= Heifetz |first2=Jonathan|last3= Echave| first3=Katy B.|last4=Dressel|first4= Sherri C.|date=2015|title=Move it or lose it: movement and mortality of sablefish tagged in Alaska|journal= Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences|volume=72|issue=2|pages=238–251|doi=10.1139/cjfas-2014-0251|issn=0706-652X}}

File:Sablefish resting on sediment.jpg|Sablefish resting on soft sediment 302 m (991 ft) deep

File:4sablefish 500.jpg|Resting on soft sediment of a 800 m deep canyon floor.

Sablefish are typically caught in bottom trawl, longline and pot fisheries. In the Northeast Pacific, sablefish fisheries are managed separately in three areas: Alaska, the Canadian province of British Columbia, and the west coast of the contiguous United States (Washington, Oregon, and California). In all these areas catches peaked in the 1970s and 80s and have been lower since that time due to a combination of reduced populations and management restrictions.{{citation |title=Assessment of the Sablefish stock in Alaska in: Stock assessment and fishery evaluation report for the groundfish resources of the GOA and BS/AI |vauthors=Hanselman DH, Rodgveller CJ, Lunsford CR, Fenske, KH |url=https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/REFM/Docs/2017/BSAIsablefish.pdf |date=2017 |publisher=North Pacific Fishery Management Council, 605 W 4th Ave., Suite 306 Anchorage, AK 99501, USA |pages=307–412}}{{cite web |title=A revised operating model for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in British Columbia, Canada | author=DFO | date=2016 | publisher=DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Sci. Advis. Rep. 2016/015 |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/mpo-dfo/Fs70-6-2016-015-eng.pdf}}{{citation|title=Status of the sablefish stock in U.S. waters in 2019|date=2019|url=https://www.pcouncil.org/documents/2019/10/status-of-the-sablefish-stock-in-u-s-waters-in-2019-october-22-2019.pdf/|publisher=Pacific Fisheries Management Council, 7700 Ambassador Place NE, Suite 200, Portland, OR, U.S.A.|vauthors=Haltuch MA, Johnson KF, Tolimieri N, Kapur MS, Castillo-Jordán CA}} The sablefish longline fishery in Alaska has been certified as sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council{{cite web|url=https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/us-north-pacific-sablefish/|title=US North Pacific sablefish - MSC Fisheries|website=fisheries.msc.org|access-date=2018-08-23}} as is the US West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl fishery which includes sablefish.{{cite web|url=https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/us-west-coast-limited-entry-groundfish-trawl/|title=US West Coast limited entry groundfish trawl - MSC Fisheries|website=fisheries.msc.org}}

Longline fisheries in Alaska frequently experience predation of sablefish by killer whales and sperm whales which remove the fish from the hooks during the process of retrieving the gear.{{Cite journal|last1=Peterson|first1=Megan J.|last2=Carothers|first2=Courtney|date=2013-11-01|title=Whale interactions with Alaskan sablefish and Pacific halibut fisheries: Surveying fishermen perception, changing fishing practices and mitigation|journal=Marine Policy|language=en|volume=42|pages=315–324|doi=10.1016/j.marpol.2013.04.001|bibcode=2013MarPo..42..315P |issn=0308-597X}}{{Cite journal|last1=Sigler|first1=Michael F.|last2=Lunsford|first2=Chris R.|last3=Straley|first3=Janice M.|last4=Liddle|first4=Joseph B.|date=2008|title=Sperm whale depredation of sablefish longline gear in the northeast Pacific Ocean|journal=Marine Mammal Science|language=en|volume=24|issue=1|pages=16–27|doi=10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00149.x|bibcode=2008MMamS..24...16S |issn=0824-0469}}{{Citation|title=Sperm whales steal from a fishing boat - Alaska: Earth's Frozen Kingdom - Episode 1 - BBC Two|date=2015-02-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYP0nadGqCc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/RYP0nadGqCc |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|access-date=2018-08-24}}{{cbignore}}

Sablefish aquaculture is an area of active research.{{Cite web|url=https://nwtreatytribes.org/jamestown-sklallam-noaa-partner-black-cod-broodstock-program/|title=Jamestown S'Klallam, NOAA Partner on Black Cod Broodstock Program|date=2016-03-27|website=Northwest Treaty Tribes|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-07}}

File:Small sablefish.jpg|Small sablefish caught in a bottom trawl survey off the coast of California

File:Black Cod May wc4.jpg|alt=Image shows three people working around a tote full of sablefish held by a crane|A tote of sablefish being processed in Juneau, Alaska.

File:Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria).webm|Live sablefish at a T&T supermarket.

The white flesh of the sablefish is soft-textured and mildly flavored. It is considered a delicacy in many countries.{{which|date=January 2020}} When cooked, its flaky texture is similar to Patagonian toothfish (Chilean sea bass). The meat has a high fat content and can be prepared in many ways, including grilling, smoking, or frying, or served as sushi.{{cite web |url=https://www.gloriousrecipes.com/sablefish-recipes/ |title=18 Best Sablefish Recipes To Try |website=Glorious Recipes |date=19 June 2023 |access-date=3 October 2023}} Sablefish flesh is high in long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, EPA, and DHA. It contains about as much as wild salmon.{{cite web |url=https://www.fishwatch.gov/profiles/sablefish |title=Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria |website=FishWatch |access-date=23 March 2018}}

Smoked sablefish, often called simply "sable", has long been a staple of New York appetizing stores, one of many smoked fish products usually eaten with bagels for breakfast in American Jewish cuisine.{{cite magazine|author=Leah Koenig|title=A Smoked Fish Primer|magazine=The Forward|url=https://forward.com/food/343694/a-smoked-fish-primer/ |date=July 1, 2016}}

In Japanese cuisine, the black cod (gindara) is often cooked saikyo yaki style, marinated for several days in sweet white miso or sake lees (kasuzuke) then broiled.{{cite book |chapter=Miso-marinated broiled fish|author=Elizabeth Andoh|title=Washoku: Recipes from the Japanese Home Kitchen|year=2012|isbn=978-0307813558|page= 229}} The Japanese-Peruvian-American chef Nobu Matsuhisa introduced his version of gindara saikyo yaki at his restaurant in Los Angeles, and brought it to his New York restaurant Nobu in 1994, where it is considered his signature dish, under the name "Black Cod with Miso".{{cite book|author=Nobu Matsuhisa|title=Nobu: A Memoir|year=2019|isbn=978-1501122804|page= 47}}{{cite periodical|author=Ruth Reichl|author-link=Ruth Reichl|title=Restaurants|magazine=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/07/arts/restaurants-460729.html |date=October 7, 1994|page= C24}} Kasuzuke sablefish is popular in Seattle thanks to a large Japanese community in that area.{{Cite news|last=Loomis|first=Susan Herrmann|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/26/travel/seattle-s-sake-marinated-fish.html|title=Seattle's Sake-Marinated Fish|date=1988-06-26|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-04-08|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

{{Multiple image

| image1 = Kasuzuke.JPG

| caption1 = Sablefish (gindara) kasuzuke from a market in San Francisco, California

| image2 = Milestones - Roasted Sablefish with Seaweed Gnocchi (5852596315).jpg

| total_width = 700

| caption2 = Roasted sablefish and gnocchi, in Calgary, Alberta

| align = center

| image3 = Eundaegu-jorim.jpg

| caption3 = Eundaegu-jorim (simmered black cod), in L.A., California

| image4 = Paso Terra - July 2019 - Stierch 03.jpg

| caption4 = Miso black cod at a restaurant, in Paso Robles, California

}}

Nutritional information for sablefish is as follows.Exact Scientific Services. (2023). West Coast Groundfish Nutrient Profiles: Exact Scientific Lab Results. Commissioned by Jana Hennig. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a3051588fd4d2db4fb25f26/t/63e40842950bac0c12f8e22b/1675888709465/0+West+Coast+Groundfish+nutrient+profiles+-+Exact+Scientific+lab+results.pdf

| style="width:50%;" |

|}

Studies of accumulated mercury levels find average mercury concentrations from 0.1 ppm,{{cite web|date=21 July 2014|url=https://health.alaska.gov/dph/Epi/eph/Documents/fish/FishConsumptionAdvice2014.pdf|title=Fish Consumption Advice for Alaskans: A Risk Management Strategy To Optimize the Public's Health|access-date=9 September 2023|publisher=Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Social Services, State of Alaska|author1=Ali K. Hamade|author2=Alaska Scientific Advisory Committee for Fish Consumption}}{{rp|15}} 0.2 ppm,{{cite web|title=Human Health Risk Assessment of Mercury in Fish and Health Benefits of Fish Consumption|date=9 March 2007 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/reports-publications/human-health-risk-assessment-mercury-fish-health-benefits-fish-consumption.html}} and up to 0.4 ppm.{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/food/foodborneillnesscontaminants/metals/ucm115644.htm |title=Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990–2012) |publisher=FDA |access-date=13 August 2018}} The US Food and Drug Administration puts sablefish in the "Good Choices" category in their guide for pregnant women and parents, and recommends one 4-ounce serving (uncooked) a week for an adult, less for children.{{cite web|publisher=U.S. Food & Drug Administration|title=Eating Fish: What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know |work=FDA |date=5 September 2024 |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm393070.htm |series=Human Foods Program}}{{cite web|publisher=U.S. Food & Drug Administration|title=Questions & Answers from the FDA/EPA Advice on What Pregnant Women and Parents Should Know about Eating Fish|work=FDA |date=9 September 2024 |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm534873.htm |series=Human Foods Program}} On the other hand, the Alaska epidemiology section considers Alaska sablefish to be "low in mercury"{{rp|7}} and advises no restrictions on sablefish consumption by all populations.{{rp|50}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.fishwatch.gov/profiles/sablefish Sablefish on the NOAA FishWatch site]
• [http://www.canadiansablefish.com/ Canadian Sablefish Association]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1575272}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Anoplopomatidae

Category:Fish described in 1814

Category:Fish of the Pacific Ocean