:Stamford Hill

File:Hackney Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg

Stamford Hill lies on the old Roman road of Ermine Street, on the high ground where it meets the Clapton Road, which runs from central Hackney. By the 18th century, the Roman road (now numbered as the A10) was subject to heavy traffic, including goods wagons pulled by six or more horses, and this caused the surface of the road to deteriorate. The local parishes appealed to Parliament in 1713 for the right to set up a Turnpike Trust, to pay for repairs and maintenance. Gates were installed at Kingsland and Stamford Hill, to collect the tolls.[http://www.brickfields.org.uk/text/georgian-transport.html Georgian Transport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315031251/http://www.brickfields.org.uk/text/georgian-transport.html |date=15 March 2018 }} (Brickfields Spitalfields) accessed 18 May 2009

Roque's map of 1745 shows a handful of buildings around the Turnpike, and by 1795, the A10 was lined with the large homes and extensive grounds of wealthy financiers and merchants attracted, in part, by the elevated position.The London Encyclopaedia, Weinreb and Hibbert, 1983

Stamford Hill had a gibbet that was used to display the remains of criminals executed at Tyburn in the 1740s. In 1765, a map of the area showed the Gibbet Field south of the road from Clapton Common, behind Cedar House."Hackney: Newington and Stamford Hill." A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10, Hackney. Ed. T F T Baker. London: Victoria County History, 1995. 38-44. British History Online. Web. 15 December 2018. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol10/pp38-44.

The area remained essentially rural in character, and little more was built until the arrival of the railway in 1872, and the tram system at about the same time. Stamford Hill was the point where the tram line coming north from the CityThe North Metropolitan Tramways Co. inaugurated 1872, and ran from Moorgate via Kingsland and Stoke Newington Roads to Stamford Hill met the Hackney tram line,The North Metropolitan from Bishopsgate ran through Mare Street, and thence to Clapton, opened in 1872, and was extended to Clapton Common in 1875, reaching Stamford Hill in 1902, and so, it became a busy interchange, with a depot opening in 1873.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22693 'Hackney: Communications', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney (1995), pp. 4-10] Date accessed: 1 November 2006. Electrification commenced in 1902 and by 1924 a service was commenced between Stamford Hill and Camden Town along Amhurst Park.'Hackney: Communications', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10, Hackney, ed. T F T Baker (London, 1995), pp. 4-10. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol10/pp4-10 [accessed 23 December 2022].

Stamford Hill had many eminent Jewish residents, including the Montefiore family. Italian-born Moses Vita Montefiore (died 1789) was living there in 1763. His son Joseph (died 1804) married Rachel Mocatta, and his grandson Abraham Montefiore (died 1824) married Henrietta, whose father, the financier Nathan Meyer Rothschild, lived near the modern Colberg Place from 1818 to 1835. The Montefiores' property a little further south was to be transformed by Abraham's grandson, Claude Montefiore, into Montefiore House school. With the increased development of the area, many distinguished families moved away: In 1842, there were few remaining of the wealthy Jews who had once settled in Hackney.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22716. 'Hackney: Judaism', A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 10: Hackney (1995), pp. 145-48]. Date accessed: 31 October 2006. The philanthropist and abolitionist MP Samuel Morley had a residence here from about 1860. The gardening writer and cottage gardener Margery Fish was born here in 1892.ODNB entry by Catherine Horwood. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/48830 Retrieved 2 November 2012. Pay-walled.]

Until the late 20th century, East London was the focus of Jewish life in England, with settlement heavily focussed on an area in and around Whitechapel, extending from Bishopsgate to Cable Street.Mapping Society, The Spatial Dimensions of Social Cartography, Laura Vaughan https://ucldigitalpress.co.uk/Book/Article/67/91/5048/ The area was chosen because of its cheap rents and the independent trades, notably weaving and textiles, known colloquially as "the rag trade".East London Papers, Volume 6, Number 2, December 1963 Prosperity, integration and later severe wartime bomb damage saw the community disperse to other parts of East London and more widely. From the 1880's, Stamford Hill received a new influx of Jews from the core area of East End settlement[http://www.economist.com/world/britain/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_SDDRGVT Kosher in the country'], The Economist'' 1 June 2006 accessed 14 August 2007 and, in 1915, the New Synagogue was transferred to Stamford Hill to serve this growing population.

In 1926, the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations was established in Stamford Hill, and this became a magnet for other strictly observant Jews, many fleeing Nazi persecution in the years before the Second World War. Also, many Jewish families came to the area from other areas of London, refugees in their own way from bombing and post-war clearances for new housing. One of the early Hasidic leaders in Stamford Hill was the Shotzer Rebbe. The Hungarian uprising also led to an influx of Haredi Jews fleeing hardship under Soviet rule. Another notable Jewish resident, from 1955 until his death in 2000, was the spiritual head of the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations, Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

Stamford Hill has never been an administrative area in its own right; it has always been an area of Hackney. Hackney was an administrative unit with consistent boundaries from the early Middle Ages to the creation of the larger modern borough in 1965. Hackney was based for many centuries on the Ancient Parish of Hackney.

The area was part of the historic (or ancient) county of Middlesex, but military and most (or all) civil county functions were managed more locally, by the Tower Division (also known as the Tower Hamlets), a historic 'county within a county', under the leadership of the Lord-Lieutenant of the Tower Hamlets (the post was always filled by the Constable of the Tower of London). The military loyalty to the Tower meant local men served in the Tower garrison and Tower Hamlets Militia, rather than the Middlesex Militia.The London Encyclopaedia, 4th Edition, 1983, Weinreb and HibbertEast London Papers, Volume 8, Number 2, The Name 'Tower Hamlets'. M.J. Power, December 1965

The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the nineteenth century, there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London, the Ecclesiastical Parishes sub-divided to better serve the needs of a growing population, while the Civil Parishes continued to be based on the same Ancient Parish areas.

The London Government Act 1899 converted the parishes into Metropolitan Boroughs based on the same boundaries, sometimes with minor rationalisations.

In 1965, Hackney merged with Shoreditch and Stoke Newington to form the new London Borough of Hackney.

Stamford Hill is a gravel topped feature, overlooking the Lower and Middle Lea Valley, which reaches a height of 108 ft (33m) AOD.Archaeological Study of Hackney, see page 3 https://content.historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/planning/apa-hackney.pdf'The Physique of Middlesex', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1, Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, the Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes To 1870, Private Education From Sixteenth Century, ed. J S Cockburn, H P F King, K G T McDonnell( London, 1969), British History Online https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp1-10 [accessed 22 January 2025].

The district's usual definition is based on the physical feature of the hill and the neighbourhood's location within the Ancient Parish and subsequent (with almost identical boundaries) Metropolitan Borough of Hackney. It also reflects the fact that what was originally the Roman A10 also takes the name 'Stamford Hill' as goes over the hill between the brook and the borough boundary.

Northern boundary with Tottenham: Takes the northern boundary of the AP\MB of Hackney. This corresponds to the current boundary between the modern borough of Hackney and Haringey.

Western boundary with Stoke Newington: Takes part of the AP\MB of Hackney's boundary with the AP\MB of Stoke Newington along Bethune Road and down to the A10.Describes Stoke Newingtons boundaries with Hackney and other neighbours https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol8/pp139-140

Southern Boundary with West Hackney: The east–west course of the Hackney Brook, which may have been as wide as 22m at this point,{{Cite web|url=https://www.locallocalhistory.co.uk/gsn/page07.htm|title=Hackney Brook|website=www.locallocalhistory.co.uk|access-date=2019-06-20}} provided a natural southern boundary for the district, however the river was culverted and it is now difficult to discern its former course on the ground. This has led to very ambiguous boundary, along its former course, in the Cazenove\Northwold Road area.

East and south-east boundary with Upper Clapton: Upper Clapton is also part of Hackney and shares much of the eastern side of the hill. There is little tradition of a particular border. The post code boundary is sometimes used but this is arbitrary: post code areas are not intended to define districts.

The high fertility of the Haredi community contributes to the area having one of highest birthrates in the UK, with a crude birth rate of more than 25 per 1,000 of the population, twice the UK average.{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333877.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307041829/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_333877.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-07 |url-status=live|title=Ward Level Mid-Year Population Estimates (experimental), Mid-2012|website=One.gov.uk|access-date=2 September 2018}}

The data table shows 2011 ONS Census data{{Cite web |url=http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2xls.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922120621/http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2xls.aspx |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=dead }} for the wards around Stamford Hill, where respondents indicated a religion:In the 2011 UK census, respondents were voluntarily asked to identify their religion.

:The London Borough of Hackney has expressed its concern that Haredi Jewish residents are seriously under-counted in the Census data, as the religion question is voluntary.'Torah, worship and acts of loving kindness' - Christine Holman and Naomi Holman, De Montfort University, November 2002.

File:Stamford hill.jpg in Stamford Hill.]]

Stamford Hill is at the centre of an Ashkenazi strictly-Orthodox Jewish, and predominantly Hasidic, community estimated to be some 15,000 strong, and growing at a rate of around 5% each year.{{cite web|url=http://www.destinationhackney.co.uk/neighbourhoods/stamford-hill|title=Love Hackney - Love Hackney|website=Destinationhackney.co.uk|access-date=26 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714192516/http://www.destinationhackney.co.uk/neighbourhoods/stamford-hill|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|title=Learning Trust|url=http://www.learningtrust.co.uk/schools/secondary_schools/docs/ss_brochure_2011/ss_brochure_2011_pdf15.pdf|access-date=25 March 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126040158/http://www.learningtrust.co.uk/schools/secondary_schools/docs/ss_brochure_2011/ss_brochure_2011_pdf15.pdf|archive-date=26 November 2010|df=dmy-all}} It is the largest Hasidic community in Europe, and referred to as a square mile of piety, reflecting the many Jewish men seen walking in their distinctive clothes on their way to and from worship. The congregations often represent historical links with particular areas of Eastern Europe in their dress and their worship. Many also retain links with congregations around the world. The largest of these congregations is the Satmar dynasty, which has five directly associated synagogues; Belz is another large community, with four synagogues. As well as Stamford Hill's own Jewish population, there are also many observant Jews in neighbouring Upper Clapton, West Hackney, Stoke Newington, and Tottenham; there may be as many as 80 synagogues in this wider area.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

A volunteer emergency response first-aid service called Hatzola (the Hebrew word for rescue) and a volunteer community watch group called Shomrim{{Cite web |url=http://www.londonshomrim.com/about-us.html |title=About Us - SHOMRIM North & East London |access-date=2 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111065514/http://www.londonshomrim.com/about-us.html |archive-date=11 January 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} (the Hebrew word for watchmen) are run by, and largely for, the Jewish community.

[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/2666123.stm Jewish health service offers local care - BBC Health 19 January 2003] accessed on 11 December 2006

The strictly Orthodox Jewish community relies mostly on private education for schooling, with almost all Jewish children attending private, single-sex Jewish schools.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8326339/Inside-the-private-world-of-Londons-ultra-Orthodox-Jews.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226100657/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/8326339/Inside-the-private-world-of-Londons-ultra-Orthodox-Jews.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2011 |title=Inside the private world of London's ultra-Orthodox Jews |newspaper=The Telegraph | date=25 February 2011 |location=London |author=Mick Brown |access-date=2 March 2011}} In 2005, the Stamford Hill Yesodey Hatorah Senior Girls' School achieved voluntary-aided status.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/65089 |title=- Ofsted |access-date=19 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707210841/http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxedu_reports/display/(id)/65089 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} In 2014, the Oxford, Cambridge, and RSA (OCR) Exam board, having conducted an investigation into alleged exam malpractice, concluded that the school had redacted questions involving the evolution of species on GCSE science exam questions.{{cite web|url=http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2013/10/jewish-faith-school-caught-censoring-questions-on-science-exam-papers|title=Jewish faith school caught censoring questions on science exam papers|publisher=secularism.org.uk/ |date=2013-10-10 |access-date=2013-10-10}}{{cite web|title=Jewish school redacts exam to remove evolution questions|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-26437882|publisher=bbc.co.uk/|date=2014-03-04}} Ofqual subsequently ruled that blocking out exam questions is malpractice, and, accordingly, not permissible.{{cite web|title=Evolution exam questions cannot be blocked, says Ofqual|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-26823183 |date=2014-03-31|website=Bbc.co.uk}} The same year, it was reported by the BBC that many of the yeshivas in the area "usually don't provide any maths, English or science" classes and were operating "without the most basic health, safety, and child welfare checks".{{cite news |title=Is there a problem with unregistered schools? |work=BBC News |date=27 February 2018 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-43170447 }} In an article on Stamford Hill yeshivas, The Daily Telegraph cited government documents obtained by Channel 4's Dispatches and the Jewish Chronicle as saying that between 800 and 1000 boys aged between 13 and 16 are "missing" from the school system in the borough of Hackney alone.{{cite web |title=Thousand boys disappear from school system |date=14 July 2014 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/10964563/Thousand-boys-disappear-from-school-system.html |publisher=The Telegraph}}{{Cite news|title='1000 boys at illegal schools'|last=Bryant|first=Miranda|date=14 July 2014|newspaper=London Evening Standard|page=7}}

Haredi families, on average, have 5.9 children, almost 2.5 times the average for England and Wales, and many families live in over-crowded flats.[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3198170,00.html Ynet London Haredim considering move] (Reuters/YNET 1 October 2006) accessed 19 June 2009 National planning policy and guidance are applied by the local council, prohibiting development of family housing. This has led to conflict between the council and the Jewish population, sometimes represented by the Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations. Agudas Israel Housing Association is active in developing housing for the Jewish community in Stamford Hill.

There is also a notable population of Yemenite Jews, especially Adeni Jews who originated in the port city of Aden in Yemen. They settled in Stamford Hill, after fleeing anti-Jewish violence at the end of the Aden Protectorate. The Adeni Congregation synagogue, Nahalat Yosef, is named after the original Adeni synagogue in Yemen.The synagogues are named for the book Nahalat Yosef by Shemu'el Yosef Yeshuah. The book is named for his father, but contains a systematic exposition of rabbinical law and ethics. A second part details his travels in Palestine and the particular customs of Adeni Jews. In The Jews of the British Crown Colony of Aden, Reuben Ahroni, pp. 170–1 (Brill, 1994) {{ISBN|90-04-10110-1}} A further wave of immigration of Yemenite Jews occurred in the 1990s and 2000s when several families escaped antisemitic persecution from Houthis in the north of Yemen.{{cite web |title=Yemeni families flee persecution for Stamford Hill |url=https://www.jewishrefugees.org.uk/2010/03/yemeni-families-flee-persecution-for.html |website=JewishRefugees.org.uk |date=25 March 2010 |access-date=21 September 2022}}

In 2014, the community met with controversy after a sign was spotted in the location reading, "Women should please walk along this side of the road only".{{cite web|last1=Saul|first1=Heather|title=Stamford Hill council removes 'unacceptable' posters telling women which side of the road to walk down|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-council-removes-unacceptable-stamford-hill-posters-telling-women-which-side-of-the-road-to-walk-down-9746012.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-council-removes-unacceptable-stamford-hill-posters-telling-women-which-side-of-the-road-to-walk-down-9746012.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|website=The Independent|date=21 September 2014|access-date=29 September 2014}} The sign was reportedly put up for a Torah Procession parade, and was meant to provide directions for members who wished to avoid contact with the opposite sex. After complaints about the sign were raised, a group of Shomrim who regularly police the area contacted the organisers to tell them that the posters "lacked explanation". The posters were removed, and the organisers agreed to take the signs down more quickly the following year.{{cite news|last1=Blundy|first1=Rachel|title=Hackney council removes 'unacceptable' posters telling women which side of the road they should walk on|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/hackney-council-removes-unacceptable-posters-telling-women-which-side-of-the-road-they-should-walk-on-9743995.html|newspaper=The Evening Standard|access-date=29 September 2014}}

Since the 2011 census, there has been a migration of Stamford Hill Hasidic Jews to Canvey Island, in Essex. Canvey Island has a fairly homogenous ethnic make-up, and did not previously have a significant Jewish presence, but community relations appear to be good, and were the subject of a TV documentary.Jewish Chronicle article describing the migration and the BBC documentary https://www.thejc.com/culture/tv/tv-review-canvey-the-promised-island-1.451767

{{For|education in Stamford Hill|List of schools in the London Borough of Hackney}}

The Jesuit order founded St Ignatius' College, nearby, at the foot of the hill, on High Road, Tottenham, in 1894,{{cite web |title=Tottenham: Roman catholicism Pages 355-356 A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5, Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol5/pp355-356 |website=British History Online |publisher=Victoria County History, 1976 |access-date=14 November 2022}} The school consisted of two houses called Morecombe Lodge and Burleigh House. In 1907, the college was recognised by the Board of Education, and began to receive public money. Notable former pupils of St Ignatius include Alfred Hitchcock and Cardinal Heenan. It remained as a grammar school until 1968, and then became a two-form entry comprehensive school, the Lower School being located at the old Cardinal Allen School in Enfield, and the Upper School in new premises at Turkey Street, Enfield.

Today, Lubavitch Senior Girls' School, Our Lady's RC High School, Skinners' Academy, and Yesodey Hatorah Senior Girls' School are secondary schools located in the area.

There are also many independent or Haredi schools in the area.

• Lionel Blair (1928–2021), Canadian-born British actor, grew up in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |date=2013-02-15 |title=Lionel Blair {{!}} My family values |url=http://www.theguardian.com/stage/2013/feb/15/lionel-blair-my-family-values |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}
• Bernard Butler (born 1970), guitarist, known for his time with Suede; born in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |title=Bernard Butler Official biography |url=https://bernardbutler.com/biography |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=bernardbutler.com}}
• Mel Calman (1931–1994), cartoonist and writer, was born in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |date=1994-02-12 |title=Obituary: Mel Calman |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-mel-calman-1393696.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220524/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-mel-calman-1393696.html |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=The Independent |language=en}}
• Dave Kaye (1906–1996), pianist, lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite news |date=5 July 1940 |title=Notice |pages=4137 |work=The London Gazette |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34889/page/4137/data.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203223146/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34889/page/4137/data.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-03 |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2022}}
• Leona Lewis (born 1985), singer, songwriter, first female winner of The X Factor; lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |date=2008-04-04 |title=LEONA THROUGH THE ROOF |url=https://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/leona-through-the-roof-7643418 |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Hackney Gazette |language=en-UK}}
• Moses Montefiore (1784 –1885), financier and philanthropist, lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |date=2013-02-09 |title=Stamford Hill - Hackney's best kept secret |url=https://www.hackneycitizen.co.uk/2013/02/09/stamford-hill-hackneys-best-kept-secret/ |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=Hackney Citizen |language=en-GB}}
• Samuel Morley (1809–1886), philanthropist and abolitionist, born in Homerton and lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |title=Morley, Samuel (1809-1886) {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/gallery/members/morley-samuel-(1809-1886)-1 |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org}}
• Rabbi Chanoch Dov Padwa (1908–2000), Orthodox Jewish posek, Talmudist and rabbinic leader, lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |title=Rabbi Chanoch Padwa |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1368138/Rabbi-Chanoch-Padwa.html |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www.telegraph.co.uk|date=30 August 2000 }}
• Nathan Meyer Rothschild (1777–1836), financier, lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |title=Nathan Mayer Rothschild (1777-1836) {{!}} Rothschild Family |url=https://family.rothschildarchive.org/people/25-nathan-mayer-rothschild-1777-1836 |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=family.rothschildarchive.org}}
• Mark Williams (born 1955), cricketer, was born in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |title=Mark Williams |url=https://www.cricketarchive.com/Middlesex/Players/33/33893/33893.html |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=www.cricketarchive.com}}
• Clavish (born 1998), rapper, was born in Stamford Hill
• Paul Greer (born 1975), creator of the Nitro Warriors series of popular stop-motion films, lived in Stamford Hill{{Cite web |last=Corbishley |first=Sam |date=2023-02-22 |title=Filmmaker creates incredible stop-motion chase scenes using Hot-Wheels toy cars |url=https://metro.co.uk/2023/02/22/filmmaker-creates-stop-motion-chase-scenes-using-hot-wheels-toy-cars-18331696/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Metro |language=en}}

• North-west - Harringay
• North - South Tottenham
• North-east - Walthamstow
• West - Manor House
• Centre - Stamford Hill
• East - Clapton
• North - Finsbury Park
• South - Stoke Newington
• South-east - Upper Clapton

• Stamford Hill Overground station
• South Tottenham Overground station
• Manor House tube station
• Seven Sisters station
• Stoke Newington Overground station

{{Reflist|2}}

• [http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/99/a8869099.shtml memories of Montefiore House School 1944-1950]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604100055/http://www.london.gov.uk/archive/gla/publications/factsandfigures/dmag-briefing-2006-27.pdf 2001 Census profile: The Jewish population of London - GLA Data Management Group (September 2006)] accessed 13 December 2006
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080603214005/http://mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/terns2/index.htm The Reservoirs Nature Society (TeRNS)]

{{LB Hackney}}

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Category:Adeni Jews

Category:Areas of London

Category:Districts of the London Borough of Hackney

Category:Places formerly in Middlesex

Category:District centres of London

Category:Hasidic Judaism in England

Category:Haredi Judaism in England

Category:Orthodox Jewish communities

Category:Jews and Judaism in London

Category:Yemeni-Jewish diaspora