12th United States Congress

{{main|1811 in the United States|1812 in the United States|1813 in the United States|Origins of the War of 1812}}

• November 6, 1811: Battle of Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh's forces
• December 16, 1811: New Madrid earthquake
• April 4, 1812: President Madison enacted a 90-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom
• April 20, 1812: Vice President George Clinton died
• June 18, 1812: War of 1812: United States declared war on Great Britain
• August 16, 1812: War of 1812: Detroit surrendered to the British.
• October 13, 1812: War of 1812: the Battle of Queenston Heights
• November 5, 1812: Elections of 1812:
• 1812 United States presidential election: Incumbent James Madison beat DeWitt Clinton.
• United States Senate elections, 1812 and 1813
• United States House of Representatives elections, 1812 and 1813

{{Main|List of United States federal legislation, 1789–1901#12th United States Congress}}

• April 30, 1812: Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
• June 4, 1812: Missouri Territory was organized. It was formerly known as Louisiana Territory

File:George Clinton by Ezra Ames.jpg]]

File:WilliamHarrisCrawford5.jpg]]

File:Henry Clay.JPG]]

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for the new state of Louisiana.

{{US Congress party summary

| congress = 12

| party1 = Democratic-Republican

| abb1 = DR

| seats1_last = 26

| seats1_begin = 26

| seats1_end = 29

| seats1_next = 27

| party2 = Federalist

| abb2 = F

| seats2_last = 8

| seats2_begin = 7

| seats2_end = 7

| seats2_next = 6

| seats_vacant_last = 0

| seats_vacant_begin = 1

| seats_vacant_end = 0

| seats_vacant_next = 3

}}

During this congress, one new House seat was added for the new state of Louisiana.

{{US Congress party summary

| congress = 12

| party1 = Democratic-Republican

| abb1 = DR

| seats1_last = 95

| seats1_begin = 106

| seats1_end = 106

| seats1_next = 108

| party2 = Federalist

| abb2 = F

| seats2_last = 46

| seats2_begin = 36

| seats2_end = 36

| seats2_next = 68

| seats_vacant_last = 1

| seats_vacant_begin = 0

| seats_vacant_end = 1

| seats_vacant_next = 6

}}

• President: George Clinton (DR), until April 20, 1812; vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR)

Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Henry Clay Democratic-Republican

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1812

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:Skip to House of Representatives, below

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}1. Samuel W. Dana (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}3. Chauncey Goodrich (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}1. Outerbridge Horsey (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}2. James A. Bayard (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. William H. Crawford (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Charles Tait (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. George M. Bibb (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. John Pope (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. Jean N. Destréhan (DR), September 3, 1812 – October 1, 1812

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}Thomas Posey (DR), October 8, 1812 – February 4, 1813

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}James Brown (DR), from February 5, 1813

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Allan B. Magruder (DR), from September 3, 1812

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Samuel Smith (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Philip Reed (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}1. James Lloyd (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR), from June 29, 1811

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. Nicholas Gilman (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}3. Charles Cutts (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. John Lambert (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. John Condit (DR)

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: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Obadiah German (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. John Smith (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. James Turner (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Jesse Franklin (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Thomas Worthington (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Alexander Campbell (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Michael Leib (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Andrew Gregg (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}1. Christopher G. Champlin (F), until October 2, 1811

:: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}William Hunter (F), from October 28, 1811

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. Jeremiah B. Howell (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. John Taylor (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. John Gaillard (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Joseph Anderson (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. Jenkin Whiteside (DR), until October 8, 1811

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}George W. Campbell (DR), from October 8, 1811

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Jonathan Robinson (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}1. Richard Brent (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}2. William B. Giles (DR)

{{col-break}}

[[File:12th United States Congress Senators.svg|thumb|375px|Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 12th Congress in March 1811. Louisiana's senators were not seated until September 3, 1812, and one of them was of unknown party affiliation.

{{legend|#0044aa|2 Democratic-Republicans}}

{{legend|#660080|1 Democratic-Republican and 1 Federalist}}

{{legend|#aa0000|2 Federalists}}]]

{{col-end}}

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

{{col-begin}}

{{col-2}}

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Epaphroditus Champion (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. John Davenport (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Lyman Law (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Timothy Pitkin (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Lewis B. Sturges (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Delaware|AL|At-large}}. Henry M. Ridgely (F)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Georgia|AL|At-large}}. William W. Bibb (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Georgia|AL|At-large}}. Howell Cobb (DR), until before October, 1812

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}William Barnett (DR), from October 5, 1812

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Georgia|AL|At-large}}. Bolling Hall (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Georgia|AL|At-large}}. George M. Troup (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Kentucky|1|1}}. Anthony New (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Kentucky|2|2}}. Samuel McKee (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Kentucky|3|3}}. Stephen Ormsby (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Kentucky|4|4}}. Richard M. Johnson (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Kentucky|5|5}}. Henry Clay (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Kentucky|6|6}}. Joseph Desha (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Louisiana|AL|At-large}}. Thomas B. Robertson (DR), from December 23, 1812 (newly admitted state)

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|1|1}}. Philip Stuart (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|2|2}}. Joseph Kent (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|3|3}}. Philip B. Key (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|4|4}}. Samuel Ringgold (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|5|5}}. Peter Little (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|5|5}}. Alexander McKim (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|6|6}}. John Montgomery (DR), until April 29, 1811

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}Stevenson Archer (DR), from October 26, 1811

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|7|7}}. Robert Wright (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Maryland|8|8}}. Charles Goldsborough (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|1|1}}. Josiah Quincy (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|2|2}}. William Reed (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|3|3}}. Leonard White (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|4|4}}. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR), until June 29, 1811

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}William M. Richardson (DR), from November 4, 1811

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|5|5}}. William Ely (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|6|6}}. Samuel Taggart (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|7|7}}. Charles Turner Jr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|8|8}}. Isaiah L. Green (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|9|9}}. Laban Wheaton (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|10|10}}. Elijah Brigham (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|11|11}}. Abijah Bigelow (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|12|12}}. Ezekiel Bacon (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|13|13}}. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|14|14}}. Richard Cutts (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|15|15}}. William Widgery (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|16|16}}. Peleg Tallman (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Massachusetts|17|17}}. Barzillai Gannett (DR), until sometime in 1812 before April 6 ({{dm|date=February 2020}})

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}Francis Carr (DR), from April 6, 1812

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. Josiah Bartlett Jr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. Samuel Dinsmoor (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. Obed Hall (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. John A. Harper (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. George Sullivan (F)

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Jersey|AL|At-large}}. Adam Boyd (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Jersey|AL|At-large}}. Lewis Condict (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Jersey|AL|At-large}}. Jacob Hufty (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Jersey|AL|At-large}}. George C. Maxwell (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Jersey|AL|At-large}}. James Morgan (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New Jersey|AL|At-large}}. Thomas Newbold (DR)

There were two plural districts, the 2nd & 6th each had two representatives.

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|1|1}}. Ebenezer Sage (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|2|2}}. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|2|2}}. William Paulding Jr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|3|3}}. Pierre Van Cortlandt Jr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|New York|4|4}}. James Emott (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|5|5}}. Thomas B. Cooke (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|New York|6|6}}. Asa Fitch (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|New York|6|6}}. Robert Le Roy Livingston (F), until May 6, 1812

:: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}Thomas P. Grosvenor (F) from January 29, 1813

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|New York|7|7}}. Harmanus Bleecker (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|8|8}}. Benjamin Pond (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|9|9}}. Thomas Sammons (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|10|10}}. Silas Stow (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|New York|11|11}}. Thomas R. Gold (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|12|12}}. Arunah Metcalf (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|13|13}}. Uri Tracy (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|14|14}}. Daniel Avery (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|New York|15|15}}. Peter B. Porter (DR)

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: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|1|1}}. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|2|2}}. Willis Alston (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|3|3}}. Thomas Blount (DR), until February 7, 1812

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}William Kennedy (DR), from January 30, 1813

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|4|4}}. William Blackledge (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|5|5}}. William R. King (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|6|6}}. Nathaniel Macon (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|7|7}}. Archibald McBryde (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|8|8}}. Richard Stanford (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|9|9}}. James Cochran (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|10|10}}. Joseph Pearson (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|11|11}}. Israel Pickens (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|North Carolina|12|12}}. Meshack Franklin (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Ohio|AL|At-large}}. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|1}}. William Anderson (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|1}}. James Milnor (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|1}}. Adam Seybert (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|2}}. Robert Brown (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|2}}. Jonathan Roberts (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|2}}. William Rodman (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|3}}. Roger Davis (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|3}}. John M. Hyneman (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|3}}. Joseph Lefever (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|4}}. David Bard (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|4}}. Robert Whitehill (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|5|5}}. George Smith (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|6|6}}. William Crawford (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|7|7}}. William Piper (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|8|8}}. William Findley (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|9}}. John Smilie (DR), until December 30, 1812, vacant thereafter

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|10|10}}. Aaron Lyle (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Pennsylvania|11|11}}. Abner Lacock (DR)

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|AL|At-large}}. Richard Jackson Jr. (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Rhode Island|AL|At-large}}. Elisha R. Potter (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|1|1}}. Langdon Cheves (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|2|2}}. William Butler Sr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|3|3}}. David R. Williams (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|4|4}}. William Lowndes (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|5|5}}. Richard Winn (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|6|6}}. John C. Calhoun (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|7|7}}. Thomas Moore (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|South Carolina|8|8}}. Elias Earle (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Tennessee|1|1}}. John Rhea (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Tennessee|2|2}}. John Sevier (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Tennessee|3|3}}. Felix Grundy (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Vermont|1|1}}. Samuel Shaw (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Vermont|2|2}}. William Strong (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Vermont|3|3}}. James Fisk (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Vermont|4|4}}. Martin Chittenden (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|1|1}}. Thomas Wilson (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|2|2}}. John Baker (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|3|3}}. John Smith (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|4|4}}. William McCoy (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|5|5}}. James Breckinridge (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|6|6}}. Daniel Sheffey (F)

: {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|7|7}}. Joseph Lewis Jr. (F)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|8|8}}. John P. Hungerford (DR), until November 29, 1811

:: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}John Taliaferro (DR), from November 29, 1811

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|9|9}}. Aylett Hawes (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|10|10}}. John Dawson (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|11|11}}. John Roane (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|12|12}}. Burwell Bassett (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|13|13}}. William A. Burwell (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|14|14}}. Matthew Clay (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|15|15}}. John Randolph (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|16|16}}. James Pleasants (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|17|17}}. Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|18|18}}. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|19|19}}. Edwin Gray (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|20|20}}. Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|21|21}}. Hugh Nelson (DR)

: {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{ushr|Virginia|22|22}}. John Clopton (DR)

: {{ushr|Illinois Territory|AL|Illinois Territory}}. Shadrack Bond, from December 3, 1812

: {{ushr|Indiana Territory|AL|Indiana Territory}}. Jonathan Jennings

: {{ushr|Mississippi Territory|AL|Mississippi Territory}}. George Poindexter

: {{ushr|Missouri Territory|AL|Missouri Territory}}. Edward Hempstead, from November 9, 1812

: {{ushr|Orleans Territory|AL|Orleans Territory}}, vacant until April 29, 1812

{{col-end}}

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

• Replacements: 1
• Democratic-Republicans: no net change
• Federalists: no net change
• Deaths: 0
• Resignations: 4
• Interim appointments: 1
• Seats of newly admitted states: 2
• Vacancies:1
• Total seats with changes: 6

{{See also|List of special elections to the United States Senate}}

{{Ordinal US Congress change|Senate}}

|-

| Massachusetts
(2)

| Vacant

| Legislature elected late.
Successor elected June 29, 1811.

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Joseph B. Varnum (DR)

| June 29, 1811

|-

| Rhode Island
(1)

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Christopher G. Champlin (F)

| Resigned October 2, 1811
Successor elected October 28, 1811.

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | William Hunter (F)

| October 28, 1811

|-

| Tennessee
(2)

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jenkin Whiteside (DR)

| Resigned October 8, 1811.
Successor elected October 8, 1811.

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | George W. Campbell (DR)

| October 8, 1811

|-

| Louisiana
(3)

| New seat

| Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812, for the term ending March 4, 1813.

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Allan B. Magruder (DR)

| September 3, 1812

|-

| rowspan=3 | Louisiana
(2)

| New seat

| Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812, for the term ending March 4, 1817.

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jean Noel Destréhan (DR)

| September 3, 1812

|-

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jean N. Destréhan (DR)

| Resigned October 1, 1812, without having qualified.
Successor appointed October 8, 1812, to continue the term ending March 4, 1817.

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Thomas Posey (DR)

| October 8, 1812

|-

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Thomas Posey (DR)

| Appointee lost election to finish the term.
Successor elected February 4, 1813.

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | James Brown (DR)

| February 5, 1813

|}

• Replacements: 3
• Democratic-Republicans: no net change
• Federalists: no net change
• Deaths: 2
• Resignations: 5
• Contested election: 1
• Seats of newly admitted states: 1
• Vacancies: 1
• Total seats with changes: 10

{{main|List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives}}

{{Ordinal US Congress change|House}}

|-

| {{ushr|Maryland|6|Maryland
6th}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Montgomery (DR)

| Resigned April 29, 1811, to become attorney General of Maryland

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Stevenson Archer (DR)

| Seated October 26, 1811

|-

| {{ushr|Massachusetts|4|Massachusetts
4th}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Joseph B. Varnum (DR)

| Resigned June 29, 1811, to become U.S. Senator

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | William M. Richardson (DR)

| Seated November 4, 1811

|-

| {{ushr|Virginia|8|Virginia
8th}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Hungerford (DR)

| Lost contested election November 29, 1811

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Taliaferro (DR)

| Seated November 29, 1811

|-

| {{ushr|Massachusetts|17|Massachusetts
17th}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Barzillai Gannett (DR)

| Resigned sometime in 1812 before April 6 ({{dm|date=February 2020}})

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Francis Carr (DR)

| Seated April 6, 1812

|-

| {{ushr|North Carolina|3|North Carolina
3rd}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Thomas Blount (DR)

| Died February 7, 1812

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | William Kennedy (DR)

| Seated January 30, 1813

|-

| {{ushr|Orleans Territory|AL|Orleans Territory}}

| colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Julien de Lallande Poydras had resigned in the previous Congress, and the seat remained vacant until the territory became the state of Louisiana on April 30, 1812

| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Thomas B. Robertson (DR)

| rowspan=2 | Seated April 30, 1812

|-

| {{ushr|Louisiana|AL|Louisiana
at-large}}

|-

| {{ushr|New York|6|New York
6th}}

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Robert Le Roy Livingston (F)

| Resigned May 6, 1812

| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)

| Seated January 29, 1813

|-

| {{ushr|Georgia|AL|Georgia
at-large}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Howell Cobb (DR)

| Resigned sometime before October 1812 ({{dm|date=February 2020}})

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | William Barnett (DR)

| Seated October 5, 1812

|-

| {{ushr|Missouri Territory|AL|Missouri Territory}}

| colspan=2 | Territory delegate seat established

| Edward Hempstead

| Seated November 9, 1812

|-

| {{ushr|Illinois Territory|AL|Illinois Territory}}

| colspan=2 | Territory delegate seat established

| Shadrach Bond

| Seated December 3, 1812

|-

| {{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|Pennsylvania
9th}}

| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Smilie (DR)

| Died December 30, 1812

| Vacant

| Not filled until next Congress

|}

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Michael Leib)
• Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Nicholas Gilman)
• National University
• Whole

• Accounts (Chairman: Charles Turner Jr.)
• Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
• Bankruptcy (Select)
• Claims (Chairman: Burwell Bassett then Thomas Gholson Jr.)
• Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
• District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
• Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
• Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
• Public Lands (Chairman: Jeremiah Morrow)
• Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Adam Seybert then Burwell Bassett)
• Rules (Select)
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Ways and Means (Chairman: Ezekiel Bacon then Langdon Cheves)
• Whole

• Enrolled Bills (Chairman: {{Data missing|date=March 2020}})
• The Library (Chairman: N/A)

• Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe, until July 1, 1811; vacant thereafter
• Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder

• Chaplain: Walter D. Addison (Presbyterian), until November 13, 1811
• John Brackenridge (Presbyterian), from November 13, 1811
• Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
• Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers, died
• Mountjoy Bayly, elected November 6, 1811

• Chaplain: Jesse Lee (Methodist), until November 13, 1811
• Nicholas Snethen (Methodist), elected November 13, 1811
• Jesse Lee (Methodist), elected November 2, 1812
• Clerk: Patrick Magruder
• Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
• Reading Clerks: {{dm|date=February 2020}}
• Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn

• 1810 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
• 1810–11 United States Senate elections
• 1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections
• United States elections, 1812 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
• 1812 United States presidential election
• 1812–13 United States Senate elections
• 1812–13 United States House of Representatives elections

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}}
• {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York}}

• [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsllink.html Statutes at Large, 1789-1875]
• [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwsjlink.html Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
• [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwhjlink.html#anchor2 House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
• [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html U.S. House of Representatives: House History]
• [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]

{{USCongresses}}