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1402

{{About year|1402}}

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File:Chlebowski-Bajazyt w niewoli.jpg

File:Assault on the Fortress of the Knights of St. John at Smyrna (left).jpg

{{C15 year in topic}}Year 1402 (MCDII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= January–March =

  • January 29 – King Jogaila of the Poland–Lithuania Union answers the rumblings against his rule of Poland, by marrying Anna of Celje, a granddaughter of Casimir III of Poland.
  • February 8 – The Great Comet of 1402 is first observed by people living in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth.{{cite book |last1=Kronk |first1=Gary W. |title=Cometography: 1800-1899 |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-58504-0 |pages=260–263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Umxbb68tmZMC&pg=PA260 |language=en}} The comet, visible for eight days even in daylight, makes its closest approach to Earth on February 20. It is last seen on March 27.
  • February 19 – Sigismund of Křižanov, Prokop of Luxemburg and King Wenceslas IV of Bohemia carry out an unsuccessful raid on the military garrison of Jihlava in an attack against the Kingdom of Croatia, led by Sigismund of Luxembourg.{{cite news |last1=Škvrňák |first1=Jan |title=Moravské markraběcí války (Moravian Margrave Wars) |url=https://www.e-stredovek.cz/post/moravske-markrabeci-valky/ |website=Středověk |access-date=7 February 2023 |language=cs |date=27 October 2013}} The Bohemians are routed, and Wenceslas is captured.
  • March 26 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland, dies while being held captive by his uncle, Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany.

= April–June =

  • April 2 – Jingnan campaign: In China, the Yan Army, led by Prince Zhu Di reaches Suishui, west of Huaibei, in what is now the Anhui province.Hing Ming Hung, From the Mongols to the Ming Dynasty: How a Begging Monk Became Emperor of China, Zhu Yuan Zhang (Algora Publishing, 2016)p.243
  • April 3 – King Henry IV of England is married by proxy to Joan of Navarre in a ceremony at the Eltham Palace near London.Jenny Stratford, Richard II and the English Royal Treasure (Boydell Press, 2012) p.120
  • April 29 – Jingnan campaign: The Yan Army overwhelms the Imperial Army of Southern China at Linghi, capturing General Ping An.
  • May 7 – Jingnan campaign: The Yan Army continues its march, capturing Sixian and reaching the north bank of the Huai River.
  • May 21 – Following the death of Queen Maria of Sicily, her husband Martin I of Sicily, now sole ruler, marries Blanche of Navarre by proxy. They marry in person on December 26.
  • June 3 – Jingnan campaign: After crossing the Huai River into what is now Jiangsu province, and taking Yangzhou (May 18) and Luhe (May 19), the Yan Army of Zhu Di crosses the Yangtze River at Guazhou and is within striking distance of the Imperial Chinese capital at Nanjing by June 8, forcing Emperor Zhu Yun Wen to prepare terms of surrender that include granting the Yan Kingdom areas north of the Yangtze. Zhu Di refuses.
  • June 13 – Jingnan campaign: The Army of Yan arrives at the walls of Nanjing, capital of Imperial China and surrounds the city. The defenders on the north side open the Jinchuan Gate and let the invaders in. China's Emperor Zhu Yun Wen then orders for the palace to be set on fire with himself and his followers burned to death inside before the Yan King Zhu Di arrives. Zhu Di orders the execution of 29 palace officials.Hing Ming Hung, From the Mongols to the Ming Dynasty: How a Begging Monk Became Emperor of China, Zhu Yuan Zhang (Algora Publishing, 2016)p.244
  • June 14 – Zhu Di, King of the Yan State at Beijing, becomes the new Ming Dynasty Emperor of China at Nanjing, uniting north and south China.
  • June 22
  • Battle of Nesbit Moor: An English force decisively defeats a returning Scottish raiding party.
  • Battle of Bryn Glas: Welsh rebels under Owain Glyndŵr defeat the English on the England/Wales border.{{Coflein|num=306352|desc=Battle at Bryn Glas; Battle of Pilleth|access-date=28 June 2020}} The Welsh capture Edmund Mortimer, son of the 3rd Earl, who defects to the Welsh cause, on 30 November marrying Owain's daughter Catrin.
  • June 26 – Battle of Casalecchio: Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the Duke of Milan, crushes the forces of Bologna and Florence. He dies from a fever less than three months later.

= July–September =

= October–December =

  • October 1 – The House of Commons of England is opened at Coventry by King Henry IV, whose Lord Chancellor asks the members to pass a tax to support an offensive war against Scotland, enemies of Wales, Ireland and for defending the Marches of Guienne and Calais. Henry Redford is elected Speaker of the House.
  • October 10 – A rare conference begins in England between the House of Commons and the House of Lords takes place with the permission of the King, and results in a 3-shilling tax on wine and a 14-pence tax on other merchandise.
  • October 28 – The "False Olaf", a Bohemian immigrant who bore a resemblance to the late King Olaf of Denmark and Norway and impersonated the late monarch earlier in the year, is burned at the stake as punishment.{{cite journal |last=Cole |first=Richard |title=The False King Olaf and His Necklace of Letters |journal=Scandinavian Studies |volume=95 |issue=1 |pages=1–34 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |location=Madison |date=20 March 2023 |url=https://sca.uwpress.org/content/95/1/1 |doi=10.3368/sca.95.1.0001 |access-date=8 October 2024|url-access=subscription }}
  • November 5 – The Republic of Genoa resumes control of Monaco, deposing Louis Grimaldi. Genoese control lasts for more than 16 years.
  • November 21 – Stefan Lazarević leads the Serbian Despotate to victory over the Ottoman Governor Durad Brankovic at the Battle of Tripolje.{{cite book|last=Purković|first=Miodrag|title=Knez i despot Stefan Lazarević|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNlBAAAAYAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Sveti arhijerejski sinod Srpske pravoslavne crkve|page=69}}
  • November 23 – The Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos leaves France after a stay of almost two years.{{cite book |title=Greeks, Latins, and Intellectual History 1204-1500 |last1=Hinterberger |first1=Martin |last2=Schabel |first2=Chris |publisher=Peeters |year=2011 |page=411 |url=https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/files/16794227/dendrinos_manuel_ii_in_paris.pdf }}
  • November 25 – The fourth parliament of King Henry IV of England closes at Westminster after two months and the passage of new laws, including the penal Laws against Wales which stop the Welsh from gathering together, obtaining office, carrying arms and living in English towns. The laws apply to any Englishman who marries a Welsh woman.
  • December 2 – (6 Jumada al-Awwal 805 A.H.) With 4,000 troops, Tamerlane, Amir of the Timurid Empire covering much of what is now Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan begins the Siege of Smyrna (now Izmir in Turkey). Smyrna is captured after two days of attacks on its outer walls.{{cite book |first=Marie-Mathilde |last=Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru |title=La campagne de Timur en Anatolie, 1402 |location=London |publisher=Variorum |year=1977 |orig-year=1942 |pages=88–90}} After the Christian Knights of Saint John, who are ruling Smyrna, refuse to convert to Islam or pay tribute, Timur has the entire Christian population massacred. The Knights subsequently begin building Bodrum Castle in Bodrum, to defend against future attacks.
  • December 26 – (3rd waxing of Tabodwe 764 ME) Ava–Hanthawaddy War: In what is now Myanmar, the forces of the Ava Kingdom, led by King Minkhaung I defeat King Razadarit of the Kingdom of Hanthawaddy in the Battle of Nawin, forcing Razadarit to abandon the siege of Prome.

= Date unknown =

Births

Deaths

References

{{Reflist}}

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