1526

• January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis agrees to cede Burgundy and abandons all claims to Flanders, Artois, Naples, and Milan.{{cite book|author=R. J. Knecht|title=Francis I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rvEBMIIcHQkC&pg=PA189|date=26 April 1984|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-27887-4|pages=189}}
• January 26 – The deadline for Spanish Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave is reached in the Crown of Aragon and the Principality of Catalonia as decreed by the edict of November 25 by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor acting in his capacity as King of Spain. The deadline for the Kingdom of Valencia had passed on December 31, 1525.L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614 (University of Chicago Press, 2005) p.94
• February 6 – Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, agrees to form a military alliance with France, after King François I sends a proposal by way of his envoy, Jean Frangipani.Roger B. Merriman, Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520–1566 (Read Books, 2007) p.129 {{ISBN|1-4067-7272-0}}
• February 9 – In Guatemala, a group of 16 deserters from the Spanish colonial army destroy Iximche, the capital of the indigenous kingdom of the Mayan Kaqchikel people, and burn the palace of the Ahpo Xahil{{cite book |author=Schele, Linda |author-link=Linda Schele |author2=Peter Mathews |year=1999 |title=The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs |publisher=Simon & Schuster |location=New York |pages=298, 310 |isbn=978-0-684-85209-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/codeofkingslangu00lind }}
• February 15 – Spanish author Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, commonly called "Oviedo", publishes the chronicle La Natural Hystoria De Las Indias (The Natural History of the Indies) {{Cite book |last=Stoudemire |first=Sterling A. |title=De La Natural Hystoria De Las Indias |publisher=University of North Caroline |year=1969}}
• February 21 – Lopo Vaz de Sampaio becomes the new Governor of Portuguese India following the February 2 death of the 30-year-old Governor Henrique de Meneses from gangrene resulting from a battle injury to his leg.Mário Domingues, D. João III: o homem e a sua época (Dom João III: The man and his times) (Edição Romano Torres, 1962) p. 76-85
• February 25 – The Battle of Hisar Firoza is fought in what is now the Indian state of Haryana, between the Mughal Empire (whose army is led by Prince Humayun) and the Delhi Sultanate, led by Hamid Khan. Humayun, in his first command, leads the Mughals to victory.{{cite journal |last1=Rickard |first1=J |title=Battle of Hisar-Firuza |website=Historyofwar.org |date=May 15, 2010 |url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_hisar-firuza.html |access-date=August 31, 2021}}
• February 27 – The League of Torgau is formed as an alliance of German princes to oppose the 1521 Edict of Worms.[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206161315/http://www.historicum.net/themen/reformation/glossar/t/ Torgauer Bündnis] (The Torgau League) at historicum.net
• March 7 – In Switzerland, the Canton of Zurich enacts a law directed against the Anabaptist movement, specifically outlawing a second baptism of an adult who was previously baptized as an infant, and makes the crime punishable by drowning. The penalty is enforced for the first time on January 5, 1527, when Felix Manz is executed."Anabaptist", in The Mennonite Encyclopedia, ed.by Harold S. Bender, et al., editors (Brethren Publishing House, 1955) {{ISBN|0-8361-1018-8}}
• March 6 –
• After a defeat in battle of Afghan soldiers of the Delhi Sultanate by the Mughal Empire, the Mughal Emperor Babur and Crown Prince Humayun arrange the execution of 100 captured Afghan prisoners by "blowing from a gun, the process of placing a tying a condemned prisoner to the mouth of a cannon and then firing.Abdul Sabahuddin and Rajshree Shukla, (2003), [https://books.google.com/books?id=FW4WqqLVzLEC&pg=PA122 The Mughal Strategy of War], p. 122
• King François I of France is released from captivity in Spain after having signed the Treaty of Madrid.{{cite book |editor1-last=Tarver |editor1-first=H. Micheal |editor1-link=H. Micheal Tarver |title=The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2016 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California; Denver, Colorado |page=106 |isbn=978-16106-9-422-3 |volume=1 |edition=|series=Empires of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1LCJDAAAQBAJ}}Tarver 2016, p. 106
• March 10 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, marries Princess Isabella of Portugal at the Alcázar of Seville palace in Spain.{{cite book|last=Ford|first=Richard|title=A Hand-Book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home: Describing the Country and Cities, the Natives and Their Manners |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=248 |isbn=978-1108037532 |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookfortrave01ford}}
• March 17 – King François I crosses from the Bidasoa River from Spain into France, while at the same time, his sons the Dauphin Prince François and Prince Henri, 8 and 5 at the time, cross into Spain to take his place as hostages to guarantee France's compliance with the Madrid Treaty. King François repudiates the treaty and the two boys remain captive for the next three years.{{cite book |last1=Knecht |first1=Robert J. |author1-link=Robert Knecht |title=Renaissance Warrior and Patron: The Reign of Francis I |date=1994 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |page=248 |isbn=978-0-521-57885-1 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/renaissancewarri00knec/page/n5/mode/2up }}
• March – The first complete printed translation of the New Testament of the Bible into the English language by William Tyndale arrives in England from Germany, where printing had been completed in Worms by Peter Schöffer the younger, towards the end of February.David Daniell, Tyndale's New Testament (Yale University Press, 1995) p.ix

• April 21 – Battle of Panipat: Babur becomes Mughal emperor, invades northern India and captures Delhi, creating the Mughal Empire, which lasts until 1857.{{cite book |last1=Roy |first1=Kaushik |title=India's Historic Battles: From Alexander the Great to Kargil |date=2004 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-7824-109-8 |pages=54–66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpXijlqeRpIC&q=%2221+april+1526%22+mughal&pg=PR10 |access-date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Gates |first1=Scott |last2=Roy |first2=Kaushik |title=War and State-Building in Afghanistan: Historical and Modern Perspectives |date=20 November 2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-7219-6 |page=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnkeBQAAQBAJ&dq=%2221+april+1526%22+mughal+empire&pg=PA50 |access-date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}
• May 22 – Francis repudiates the Treaty of Madrid and forms the League of Cognac against Charles, including Pope Clement VII, Milan, Venice, and Florence.{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Jeremy |title=European Warfare, 1494-1660 |date=5 July 2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-47708-1 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4OCAgAAQBAJ&dq=%2222+may+1526%22+francis+repudiates+treaty+of+madrid+league+of+cognac&pg=PA78 |access-date=2 August 2023 |language=en}}
• May 23 – A transit of Venus occurs,{{cite web |title=Catalog of Transits of Venus |url=https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html |website=eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov |access-date=2 August 2023}}{{cite web |title=1526 May 23rd Transit of Venus |url=http://astro.ukho.gov.uk/nao/transit/V_1526/ |website=astro.ukho.gov.uk |access-date=2 August 2023}} the last before optical filters allow astronomers to observe them.
• June 9 – Emperor Go-Nara ascends to the throne of Japan.

• July 24 – Milan is captured by the Spanish.{{cite book |last1=Elton |first1=Geoffrey Rudolph |title=The New Cambridge Modern History |date=1962 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=343 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QqEIAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%2224%20july%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}
• July 25 – The Spanish ship Santiago, from García Jofre de Loaísa's expedition, reaches the Pacific Coast of Mexico and drops anchor at the Gulf of Tehuantepec,[https://traslaultimafrontera.com/la-expedicion-de-loaisa/ "La expedición de Jofre de Loaísa"], Tras La Ultima Frontera becoming the first ship to sail from Europe to the west coast of North America.{{cite book |last1=Delpar |first1=Helen |title=The Discoverers: An Encyclopedia of Explorers and Exploration |date=1980 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-016264-8 |page=383 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCuBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22july%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}
• August 9 – Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón of Spain founded the failed colony, San Miguel de Gualdape in present-day Winyah Bay, Georgetown County, South Carolina. It was the first European settlement, as well as the first documented occurrence of enslavement of African peoples in what would later become the continental United States.
• August 15 – The first official translation is made of the New Testament into Swedish; the entire Bible is completed in 1541.{{cite book |last1=Hollander |first1=A. A. den |last2=Grell |first2=Ole Peter |title=The New Cambridge History of the Bible: Volume 3: From 1450 to 1750 |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-51342-5 |pages=239–262 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/new-cambridge-history-of-the-bible/bibles-in-the-dutch-and-scandinavian-vernaculars-to-c-1750/DD0C0FC1C94DC0F5237943C75D0CF31E |access-date=3 August 2023 |chapter=Bibles in the Dutch and Scandinavian vernaculars to c. 1750}}
• August 21 – Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar becomes the first European to sight the Marshall Islands, in the Pacific Ocean.{{cite book|title=Early Spanish Discoveries in the Pacific|first=Andrew|last=Sharp|year=1960|pages=11–13}}
• August 29 – Battle of Mohács: The Ottoman army of Sultan Suleiman I defeats the Hungarian army of King Louis II, who drowns while retreating with his troops. Two rival groups seek to elect a successor to Louis.{{cite book |last1=Wheatcroft |first1=Andrew |title=The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe |date=28 April 2009 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-7867-4454-1 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XkLDVyYZPBYC&dq=battle+of+mohacs+%2229+august+1526%22+retreat&pg=PA58 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}} Suleiman takes Buda, while Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and John Zápolya, Prince of Transylvania, dispute the succession.{{cite book |last1=Norwich |first1=John Julius |title=Four Princes: Henry VIII, Francis I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and the Obsessions that Forged Modern Europe |date=4 April 2017 |publisher=Open Road + Grove/Atlantic |isbn=978-0-8021-8946-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AG9IDQAAQBAJ&q=%2229%20august%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |quote=When, on 29 August 1526, the forces of Suleiman the Magnificent smashed the Hungarians at Mohacs and shortly afterwards sacked their capital at Buda, rule over the defeated country was disputed by the Sultan's vassal John Zapolya and Charles V's brother Ferdinand.}} As a result of the battle, Dubrovnik achieves independence, although it acknowledges Turkish overlordship.
• September 19 – Spanish Muslims who had hidden in the Sierra de Espadán mountain range in Valencia and who are led by Selim Almanzo are overwhelmed by a German contingent of 3,000 soldiers from the Holy Roman Empire. After their defeat, 5,000 adult Muslims (including old men and women) are massacred.Henry Charles Lea, The Moriscos of Spain: Their Conversion and Expulsion (Lea Brothers & Company, 1901) p. 95

• October 23 – In October, Cuthbert Tunstall, the Roman Catholic Bishop of London, issues a proclamation directing followers to destroy all copies of Tyndale's New Testament.David Teems, Tyndale: The Man Who Gave God an English Voice (Thomas Nelson Publishing, 2012) pp.79-80
• October 24 – The Bohemian Diet elects Archduke Ferdinand of the House of Habsburg as the King of Bohemia.
• November 10 – In eastern Hungary, at Székesfehérvár, a group of lesser nobles proclaims John Zápolya as proclaimed as the King of Hungary. The assembly proclaims the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, with a capital at Buda.
• December 15 – (12th day of 11th month of Daiei 6) The siege of Kamakura takes place in Japan as the Uesugi clan defeats the Hōjō clanTurnbull, Stephen (2002). 'War in Japan: 1467-1615'. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
• December 17 – At Pozsony in western Hungary (now Bratislava in Slovakia), the Diet elects the Archduke Ferdinand as the King of Hungary.{{Cite book |last=Robert A. Kann |url=https://archive.org/details/monarchsofrenais0000pott |title=A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526–1918 |publisher=University of California Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-0520042063 |page=611}}

• Gunsmith Bartolomeo Beretta {{in lang|it}} establishes the Beretta Gun Company, which will still be in business in the 21st century, making it one of the world's oldest firearm corporations.{{cite book |title=Gun: A Visual History |date=16 April 2012 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-4654-0354-4 |page=78 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KC8bVq76NcC&dq=Beretta+Gun+Company+Bartolomeo+Beretta+%221526%22&pg=PA78 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}{{cite web |title=Beretta Since 1526 |url=https://www.beretta.com/en-us/world-of-beretta/since-1526/ |website=www.beretta.com |access-date=3 August 2023}}
• Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro and his brothers first reach Inca territory in South America.

File:Carolus Clusius00.jpg]]

File:Cranach the Younger Catherine Jagiellon.jpg]]

• January 1 – Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin America, patron saint of Colombia (d. 1581){{cite book |last1=Gonzaga |first1=Luis |title=Efemerides colombianas |date=1920 |publisher=Procuraduría de los Hermanos |page=427 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tucNh-1lB4C&dq=Louis+Bertrand+1+de+enero+de+1526&pg=PA427 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=es}}
• January 20 – Rafael Bombelli, Italian mathematician (d. 1572){{cite journal |last1=Jayawardene |first1=S. A. |last2=Bombelli |first2=Rafael |title=Unpublished Documents Relating to Rafael Bombelli in the Archives of Bologna |journal=Isis |date=September 1963 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=391–395 |doi=10.1086/349735 |s2cid=143847855 |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10.1086/349735 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en |issn=0021-1753|url-access=subscription }}
• January 25 – Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1586){{cite book |last1=Hoff |first1=Hinrich Ewald |title=Scheswig-Holsteinische heimat-geschichte |date=1912 |publisher=Lipsius & Tischer |page=165 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AoLvLFu1nYC&dq=Adolf+I.+%2225+januar+1526%22&pg=PA165 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=de}}
• February 1 – Niiro Tadamoto, Japanese samurai (d. 1611)
• February 2 – Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski, Polish noble (d. 1608)
• February 19 – Charles de L'Ecluse, Flemish botanist (d. 1609){{cite book |last1=Walters |first1=Michael |title=A Concise History of Ornithology: The Lives and Works of Its Founding Figures |date=2003 |publisher=Christopher Helm |isbn=978-1-873403-97-6 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jKHwAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2219%20february%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=en}}
• February 23 – Gonçalo da Silveira, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (d. 1561){{cite book |last1=Chadwick |first1=Hubert |title=Life of the venerable Gonçalo da Silveira of the Society of Jesus : pioneer missionary and proto-martyr of South Africa ; from original sources |date=1910 |publisher=Benziger |location=New York |page=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofvenerableg00chad/page/2/mode/2up?q=1526 |access-date=3 August 2023}}
• March 4 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (d. 1596){{cite ODNB |title=Carey, Henry, first Baron Hunsdon|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4649|year=2004 |access-date=29 July 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4649}}
• March 11 – Heinrich Rantzau, German humanist writer, astrologer, and astrological writer (d. 1598){{cite book |last1=Brandt |first1=Otto |title=Heinrich Rantzau und seine Relationen an die dänischen Könige: eine Studie zur Geschichte des 16. Jahrhunderts |date=1927 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |page=III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LH18IdqaAAC&q=%20%E2%80%9E11.%20M%C3%A4rz%201526%E2%80%9C |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=de}}
• April 5 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (d. 1593)
• April 8 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Calenberg, Countess of Henneberg (d. 1566)
• April 12 – Muretus, French humanist (d. 1585){{cite book |last1=TRAWNITSCHEK |first1=Hubert |title=Marcus Antonius Muretus: Das Bild eines wahren Christen. Pädagogische Studie |date=1875 |publisher=Pannonia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OYupZHf_1IUC&q=%20%2212%20april%201526%22 |access-date=3 August 2023 |language=de|quote=Marcus Antonius Muretus was born on April 12, 1256, AD in Muret, a village near Limoges}}
• April 29 – Beate Clausdatter Bille, Danish noblewoman (d. 1593){{cite book |last1=Vedel Simonsen |first1=Lauritz Schebye |title=Samlinger til den fyenske herregaard Elvedgaards historie i anledning af Secularfesten paa samme den 1 juli, 1845 |date=1845 |publisher=Trykt i M. C. Hempels officin |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16YXAAAAYAAJ&dq=Beate+Clausdatter+Bille+%2229+april+1526%22&pg=PA104 |access-date=4 August 2023}}
• June 9 – Matsudaira Hirotada, Japanese daimyō (d. 1549)
• June 25 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton, English noble (d. 1565)
• July 9 – Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (d. 1545){{cite book |last1=Rudzki |first1=Edward |title=Polskie królowe |date=1990 |publisher=Instytut Prasy i Wydawnictw "Novum" |page=234 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3UdAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%E2%80%9E9%20lipca%201526%E2%80%9D%20elzbieta |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=pl}}
• July 10 – Philipe de Croÿ, Duke of Aerschot (d. 1595){{cite book |title=Verhandelingen van de Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten van België, Klasse der Letteren |date=1965 |volume=59|publisher=Royal Flemish Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7UEVAQAAMAAJ&q=%2210%20juli%201526%22 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=nl}}
• July 31 – Augustus, Elector of Saxony (d. 1586){{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Hermann Julius |title=Meyers Grosses Konversations-Lexikon |date=1903 |publisher=Bibliographisches Institut |page=120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=25kPAAAAYAAJ&dq=August+%2231+juli+1526%22&pg=PA120 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=de}}
• August 18 – Claude, Duke of Aumale (d. 1573)
• August 22 – Adolph of Nassau-Saarbrücken, Count of Nassau (d. 1559){{cite book |last1=Behr |first1=Kamill von |title=Genealogie der in Europa regierenden Fürstenhäuser nebst der Reihenfolge sämmtlicher Päpste |date=1870 |publisher=Tauchnitz |page=98 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZlmAAAAcAAJ&dq=Adolf+%2222+august+1526%22&pg=PA98 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=de}}{{cite web |title=Nassau-Saarbrücken Adolph von |url=http://www.saarland-biografien.de/frontend/php/ergebnis_detail.php?id=9 |website=www.saarland-biografien.de |access-date=4 August 2023}}
• September 23 – Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland (d. 1563){{cite ODNB |title=Manners, Henry, second earl of Rutland|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-17955|year=2004 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/17995}}
• September 26 – Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1569){{cite book |last1=Menzel |first1=Karl |title=Wolfgang von Zweibrücken, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Herzog in Baiern, Graf von Veldenz: der Stammvater des bairischen Königshauses ; (1526 - 1569) |date=1893 |publisher=Beck |location=Munich |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdbSTSbnQTIC&dq=Wolfgang+%2226+september+1526%22&pg=PA9 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=de}}
• October 1 – Dorothy Stafford, English noble (d. 1604){{cite ODNB |title=Stafford [née Stafford], Dorothy, Lady Stafford|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-69753|year=2004 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/69753}}
• October 30 – Hubert Goltzius, Dutch Renaissance painter-engraver (d. 1583){{cite book |last1=Keuller |first1=L. J. E. |title=Geschiedenis en beschrijving van Venloo |date=1843 |publisher=Bij de Wed. H. Bontamps |page=321 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DN9IAAAAcAAJ&dq=Hubert+Goltzius+%2230+october+1526%22&pg=PA321 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=nl}}
• November 1 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (d. 1583){{cite book |last1=Judycki |first1=Zbigniew Andrzej |last2=Klimaszewski |first2=Bolesław |title=Krakowianie w świecie: słownik biograficzny |date=2000 |publisher=Oficyna Wydawnicza Kucharski |isbn=978-83-913714-1-1 |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KdO1AAAAIAAJ&q=Katarzyna+Jagiellonka+%E2%80%9E1+listopada+1526%E2%80%9D |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=pl}}
• November 12 – Andreas Gaill, German jurist and statesman (d. 1587){{cite book |title=Rheinische Lebensbilder |date=1995 |publisher=Rheinland-Verlag |isbn=978-3-7927-1537-6 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sclVAAAAYAAJ&q=%20%2212%20november%201526%22 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=de}}
• December 12 – Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, Spanish admiral (d. 1588){{cite book |last1=Duvale |first1=Angel de Altolaguirre y |title=Don Alvaro de Bazán, primer marqués de Santa Cruz de Mudela |date=1888 |publisher=Tipografía de los huérfanos |page=565 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pu0pAQAAMAAJ&dq=%C3%81lvaro+de+Baz%C3%A1n+%2212+de+diciembre+de+1526%22&pg=PA565 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=es}}
• December 26 – Rose Lok, English businesswoman and Protestant exile during the Tudor period (d. 1613){{cite ODNB |title=Throckmorton [née Lok; other married name Hickman], Rose|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-67979|year=2004 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/67979}}
• December 28 – Anna Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German princess (d. 1589){{cite book |title=Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter |date=1983 |publisher=Kommissionsverlag J. Aigner. |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTAyAAAAMAAJ&q=%2228%20dezember%201526%22 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=de}}
• date unknown
• Kenau Simonsdochter Hasselaer, Dutch war heroine (d. 1588){{cite book |last1=Kloek |first1=Els |title=Kenau: de heldhaftige zakenvrouw uit Haarlem (1526-1588) |date=2001 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |isbn=978-90-6550-456-2 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFjbUCgDnicC&q=%5C1526&pg=PA7 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=nl}}
• Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods (d. 1603)
• Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (d. 1573)
• probable
• Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Ottoman Muslim scientist (d. 1585){{cite journal |last1=Nordin |first1=Anis Nurashikin |last2=Ramli |first2=Nabilah |title=Regenerating Muslim Inventors The Present Future |journal=ULUM ISLAMIYYAH the Malaysian Journal of Islamic Sciences |date=2020 |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |doi=10.33102/uij.vol31no.73 |s2cid=233420529 |url=https://uijournal.usim.edu.my/index.php/uij/article/view/73 |access-date=4 August 2023|doi-access=free }}

File:Gent STAM Isabella van Habsburg (1501-1526) 12-10-2010 11-47-03.JPG]]

File:Lajos II.jpg]]

• January 16 – Catherine of the Palatinate, Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar (b. 1499){{cite book |last1=Haeutle |first1=Christian |title=Genealogie des Erlauchten Stammhauses Wittelsbach: von dessen Wiedereinsetzung in das Herzogthum Bayern (11. Sept. 1180) bis herab auf unsere Tage |date=1870 |publisher=Manz |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xFbFYjXgRosC&dq=Katharina+von+der+Pfalz+16+januar+1526&pg=PA43 |access-date=5 August 2023 |language=de}}
• January 19 – Isabella of Burgundy, queen of Christian II of Denmark (b. 1501){{cite web |title=Elisabeth, Christian 2.s dronning |url=https://kvindebiografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Elisabeth_-_Christian_2.s_dronning |website=Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon |access-date=5 August 2023 |language=da |date=22 April 2023}}
• February 23 – Diego Colón, Spanish Viceroy of the Indies (b. c. 1479){{cite book |title=El archivo |date=1892 |volume=6|publisher=Excelentísimo Ayuntamiento de Denia |page=54 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dX8xAQAAMAAJ&dq=Diego+Col%C3%B3n+%2223+de+febrero+de+1523%22&pg=PA54 |access-date=5 August 2023 |language=es}}
• March 24 – Adolph II, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince (b. 1458){{cite book |title=Allgemeiner Kalender für die katholische Geistlichkeit: auf das Jahr ... 1832 |date=1832 |publisher=Damian u. Sorge |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XRMAAAAcAAJ&q=%20%2224%20marz%201526%22 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=de}}
• March 30 – Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471){{cite book |title=Meyers lexikon: Marut-Oncidium |date=1926 |publisher=Bibliographisches institut |page=916 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9nynlD4dn4C&dq=Konrad+Mutian+30+marz+1526&pg=PA915 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=de}}
• April 21 – Ibrahim Lodi, last Sultan of Delhi (in battle){{cite journal |last1=Lubis |first1=Dede Efrianti |last2=Muhajir |first2=Ahmad |last3=Dahlan |first3=Zaini |title=Peradaban dan Pemikiran Islam Pada Masa Dinasti Mughal di India |journal=Islamic Education |date=31 October 2021 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=41–46 |doi=10.57251/ie.v1i2.49 |s2cid=253299865 |url=https://jurnal.medanresourcecenter.org/index.php/IE/article/view/49 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=en |issn=2808-8824|doi-access=free }}
• April 25 – Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester (b. 1460){{cite ODNB |title=Somerset [formerly Beaufort], Charles, first earl of Worcester|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26004|year=2004 |access-date=4 August 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/26004}}
• May 19 – Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (b. 1464)
• June 4 – Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 2nd Duke of Alburquerque, Spanish duke (b. 1467){{cite book |last1=Béthencourt |first1=Francisco Fernández de |title=Historia genealógica y heráldica de la monarquía española: casa real y grandes de España |date=1920 |publisher=Estab. Tip. de Enrique Teodoro |page=250 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MkheAAAAcAAJ&dq=Francisco+Fern%C3%A1ndez+de+la+Cueva+%224+de+junio+de+1526%22&pg=PA250 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=es}}
• July 14 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English noble (b. 1499){{cite book |last1=Cokayne |first1=George Edward |title=Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant |date=1895 |publisher=G. Bell & sons |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JLAKAAAAYAAJ&dq=John+de+Vere+%2214+july+1526%22&pg=PA169 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=en}}
• July 30 – García Jofre de Loaísa, Spanish explorer (b. 1490){{cite book |last1=Gebhardt |first1=Victor |title=Historia general de España y de sus Indias: desde los tiempos más remotos hasta nuestros días... |date=1864 |publisher=Libreria española |page=703 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z_-KVwzhVxAC&dq=Garc%C3%ADa+Jofre+de+Loa%C3%ADsa+%2230+de+julio+de+1526%22&pg=PA703 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=es}}
• August 4 – Juan Sebastián Elcano, Spanish explorer (b. 1476){{cite book |title=Cultura hispanoamericana: órgano del Centro de este nombre |date=1920 |publisher=Center for Hispano-American Culture |location=Madrid |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gOtHAQAAMAAJ&dq=Juan+Sebasti%C3%A1n+Elcano+%224+de+agosto+de+1526%22&pg=PA8 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=es}}
• August 29 – King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (in battle) (b. 1506)
• September 5 – Alonso de Salazar, Spanish explorer
• October 18 – Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Spanish explorer (b. 1480){{cite book |title=Erudición ibero-ultramarina |date=1930 |publisher=V. Suárez. |page=231 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFzNAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2218%20de%20octubre%20de%201526%22 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=es}}
• November 5 – Scipione del Ferro, Italian mathematician (b. 1465){{cite book |last1=Gentile |first1=Michele Lupo |title=Studi sulla storiografia fiorentina alla corte di Cosimo I de' Medici |date=1905 |publisher=Tipografia successori fratelli Nistri |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZEKAAAAIAAJ&dq=Giovanni+delle+Bande+Nere+%2230+novembre+1526%22&pg=PA44 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=it}}
• November 30 – Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Italian condottiero (b. 1498)

• December 12 – Le Chieu Tong, Emperor of Đại Việt, was killed by Mạc Đăng Dung (b. 1506)

• Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, sultan of Adal (assassinated)
• Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, founder of the Spanish colony of Nicaragua (b. c. 1475){{cite book |last1=C |first1=José Antonio Villacorta Calderón Villacorta |title=Curso de historia de la América Central para uso de los institutos y escuelas normales |date=1916 |publisher=Arenales hijos |page=71 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wolAAQAAMAAJ&dq=Francisco+Hern%C3%A1ndez+de+C%C3%B3rdoba+%221526%22+D%C3%A1vila&pg=PA71 |access-date=6 August 2023 |language=es}}
• Ingerd Erlendsdotter, noblewoman and landowner
• Binnya Ran II, Burmese king of Hanthawaddy (b. 1469){{cite journal |last1=Surakiat |first1=Pamaree |title=THAI-BURMESE WARFARE DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TOUNGOO EMPIRE |journal=Journal of the Siam Society |date=2005 |volume=93 |page=76 |url=https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2005/03/JSS_093_0c_PamareeSurakiat_ThaiBurmeseWarfareDuring16thCentu.pdf |access-date=6 August 2023}}
• Conrad Grebel, co-founder of the Anabaptist movement (b. 1498){{cite book |last1=Bender |first1=Harold Stauffer |title=Conrad Grebel, c. 1498-1526 : the founder of the Swiss Brethren sometimes called Anabaptists |date=1971 |publisher=Herald Press |location=Scottdale |isbn=978-0-8361-1123-1 |page=162 |url=https://archive.org/details/conradgrebelc1490000bend/page/162/mode/2up?q=died |access-date=6 August 2023}}

{{Reflist}}

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