1565

• January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the oprichnina (repression of the boyars (aristocrats)).{{cite book |last1=Madariaga |first1=Isabel de |title=Ivan the Terrible |date=25 September 2006 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-11973-2 |page=175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdFVn1v3FMUC&dq=Ivan+Oprichnina+%223+january+1565%22&pg=PA175 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}
• January 23 – Battle of Talikota: The Vijayanagara Empire, the last Hindu kingdom in South India, is greatly weakened by the Deccan sultanates.{{cite book|author=L. P. Sharma|title=History of Medieval India (1000-1740 A.D.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18EKAQAAIAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Konark Publishers|isbn=978-81-220-0042-9|page=266}}
• February 13 – Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi lands with his troops on the shores of Cebu Island in the Philippines.
• March 1 – The city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is founded as São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro by Estácio de Sá.{{cite book|author=Hermann Matthias Görgen|title=Brazil: Impressions and Insight|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uwrAAAAYAAJ|year=1981|publisher=Pinguin-Verlag|isbn=978-3-7016-2110-1|page=31}}
• March 16 – Spanish Conquistador López de Legazpi makes a blood compact (sandugan) with Datu Sikatuna in the island of Bohol, Philippines.{{cite book |last1=Cortes |first1=Rosario Mendoza |last2=Boncan |first2=Celestina Puyal |last3=Jose |first3=Ricardo Trota |title=The Filipino Saga: History as Social Change |date=2000 |publisher=New Day Publishers |isbn=978-971-10-1055-3 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hdwAAAAMAAJ&q=%2216%20march%201565%22 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}

• April 27 – Cebu City is established as San Miguel by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
• May 2 – Huntingdon Grammar School is established in England.{{cite web |title=HISTORY OF HINCHINGBROOKE SCHOOL & ALUMNI |url=https://www.hinchingbrookeschool.net/page/?title=History+of+Hinchingbrooke+School+%26amp%3B+Alumni&pid=886 |website=www.hinchingbrookeschool.net |access-date=23 November 2023}}
• May 18 – Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning the Great Siege of Malta.{{cite journal |last1=Mallia-Milanes |first1=Victor |title=The Siege of Malta, 1565, revisited |journal=Malta University Historical Society |date=2015 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/25143 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Balbi |first1=Francesco |title=The Siege of Malta, 1565 |date=2005 |publisher=Boydell Press |isbn=978-1-84383-140-2 |page=45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8luF8lm3DgC&q=%2218%20may%22 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}}
• June 4 – The Treaty of Cebu is signed between Miguel López de Legazpi, representing Philip II of Spain, and Rajah Tupas of Cebu.{{cite book |title=Philippine Historical Review |date=1971 |publisher=International Association of Historians of Asia |page=236 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3obAAAAIAAJ&q=%20%22june%204%201565%22%20 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}} This effectively creates Spanish suzerainty over Cebu.
• June 17 – (19th day of 5th month, Eiroku 8); In Japan, Ashikaga Yoshiteru, the Ashikaga shogun, commits ritual suicide after Matsunaga Hisahide invades Kyoto.Joyce Ackroyd, Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron (University of Queensland Press, 1982) p.332

• July 29 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, in a Catholic ceremony.Jenny Wormald, Mary, Queen of Scots: Politics, Passion and a Kingdom Lost (Tauris Parke, 2001), p. 153.
• August 6 – Sark, in the Channel Islands, is granted as a fief by Elizabeth I of England to Hellier de Carteret, Seigneur of Saint Ouen.{{cite book |last1=Ewen |first1=Alfred Harry |last2=Carteret |first2=Allan Roper De |title=The Fief of Sark |date=1969 |publisher=Guernsey P. |isbn=978-0-902550-00-1 |pages=33, 35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=goIrAQAAIAAJ&q=%226%20august%201565%22 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}}{{cite news |title=Sark marks 450 years of Royal Charter |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-guernsey-33801594 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=BBC News |date=6 August 2015}}
• August 26 – The Chaseabout Raid begins in Scotland as a rebellion against Mary, Queen of Scots by her half-brother, by James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, following her July 29 marriage to Lord Darnley.
• August 28 (feast day of St. Augustine) – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés first sights land in Florida.{{cite book |title=Actas del XIV Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas, New York, 16-21 de julio de 2001 |date=2004 |publisher=Asociación internacional de hispanistas |isbn=978-1-58871-049-9 |page=432 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d4JdAAAAMAAJ&q=%2228%20de%20agosto%20de%201565%22%20 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=es}}
• August 31 – Chaseabout Raid: Moray and at least 1,000 of his rebels arrive in Edinburgh for a confrontation with the Scottish crown. After cannon fire from Edinburgh Castle, the rebels retreat toward England to seek help. The rebellion is ended by the end of September.
• September 4 – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault.{{cite book |last1=Marley |first1=David F. |title=Historic Cities of the Americas |date=12 September 2005 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-57607-574-6 |page=627 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkTPEAAAQBAJ&dq=%224+september+1565%22+Pedro+Men%C3%A9ndez+de+Avil%C3%A9s+Jean+Ribault+caroline&pg=PA627 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}} He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.
• September 8 – St. Augustine, Florida (named after Augustine of Hippo), is established by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, becoming the oldest surviving European settlement in the modern-day United States, and a mass of Thanksgiving is said.
• September 11 – The Knights of Malta lift the Great Siege of Malta after four months.{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 |date=1984 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-162-0 |page=874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrUNi2m_qZAC&q=%2211%20september%201565%22 |access-date=21 November 2023 |language=en}}

• October 11 – Ottavio Gentile Oderico is elected to a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa.Sergio Buonadonna, Rosso doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797
• October 18 – Battle of Fukuda Bay: Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading carrack, in the first recorded naval battle between Japan and a European nation.{{cite book |last1=Hesselink |first1=Reinier H. |title=The Dream of Christian Nagasaki: World Trade and the Clash of Cultures, 1560-1640 |date=21 December 2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-9961-8 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-5MuCwAAQBAJ&q=%2218%20october%22 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}
• October 20 – In the Northern Seven Years' War, the Battle of Axtorna is fought in Sweden, near Falkenberg, as Daniel Rantzau of the Army of Denmark and Norway leads 7,400 troops in defeating a counterattack by over 11,000 Swedish troops led by Jacob Henriksson Hästesko.Svenska Slagfält: "Axtorna 1565: En fråga om kavalleritaktik" (2003) pp. 69-76
• October – The first Martello tower, the Tour de Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point, in Upper Corsica.{{cite journal|last=Vigano|first=Marino|title=Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino and the Tower at Mortella Point, Corsica (1563)|year=2001|journal=Fort|publisher=Fortress Study Group|volume=29|pages=41–57}}
• November 25 – The army of Burma, under the command of King Bayinnaung conquers Chiang Mai, capital of the Siamese Kingdom of Lan Na, and departs on November 30.Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: pp.285–286
• December 31 – The Burmese Army conquers Vientiane, the main city of the kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).
• December – The Mariovo and Prilep rebellion occurs, the very first recorded rebellion by the Macedonian hajduks or voivode against the Ottoman Empire.{{cite book |last1=Georgieva |first1=Valentina |title=Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia |date=1998 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |location=Lanham |isbn=978-0-8108-3336-4 |pages=160–161 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000geor/page/160/mode/2up?q=%22mariovo%22 |access-date=23 November 2023}}

• The pencil is first documented by Conrad Gesner;{{cite journal |last1=Voice |first1=Eric H. |title=The History of the Manufacture of Pencils |journal=Transactions of the Newcomen Society |date=January 1949 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=131–141 |doi=10.1179/tns.1949.012 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/tns.1949.012 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en |issn=0372-0187|url-access=subscription }}{{cite book |last1=Petroski |first1=Henry |title=The Pencil: A History of Design and Circumstance |date=10 November 1992 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-679-73415-4 |pages=37, 46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GZ1CuD619GwC&q=1565 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}} it is becoming common in England.
• John Beddoes School is founded at Presteigne, Wales.{{cite book |last1=Howse |first1=William Henry |title=Presteigne, Past and Present |date=1945 |publisher=Jakemans Limited |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7UaAQAAMAAJ&q=John+Beddoes+School+Presteigne+%221565%22 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Herlufsholm School is founded at Næstved, Denmark.{{cite book |last1=Bingham |first1=Derek |title=The ECIS International Schools Directory 2009/10 |date=September 2009 |publisher=John Catt Educational Ltd |isbn=978-1-904724-67-4 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7mFhU3jhf5AC |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Bungay Grammar School is established in England.{{cite book |last1=Houghton |first1=R. R. |title=Bungay Grammar School: 1656-1965 |date=1965 |publisher=Bungay Grammar School |page=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOhLAAAAMAAJ&q=1565 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}

File:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex by Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger.jpg]]

• January 17 – Mariana Navarro de Guevarra Romero, Spanish Roman Catholic nun, member of the Mercedarian Tertiaries (d. 1624){{cite journal |last1=Martínez |first1=Diana Olivares |title=Iconografía de la Beata Mariana de Jesús |journal=Anales de Historia del Arte |date=1 January 2010 |pages=239–255 |url=https://doaj.org/article/bfb36181780d424190fe4291719c1ceb |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en |issn=0214-6452}}
• February 13 – Willem Baudartius, Dutch theologian (d. 1640){{cite book |last1=Hof |first1=W. J. Op 't |title=The Ice Broken: Puritan Influences on the Netherlands in the Seventeenth Century |date=31 December 2019 |publisher=Summum Academic |isbn=978-94-92701-20-6 |page=201 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJsuEAAAQBAJ&dq=Willem+Baudartius+%2213+february+1565%22&pg=PA201 |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en}}
• March 23 – Eilhard Lubinus, German theologian (d. 1621){{cite book |last1=Altemoller |first1=W. |title=Sammlung der bedeutendsten pädagogischen schriftenaus alter und neuer zeit: mit biographien, erläuterungen und erklärenden anmerkungen |date=1915 |publisher=Ferdinand Schoningh |page=260 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69BGAQAAMAAJ&dq=Eilhard+Lubinus+24+marz+1565&pg=PA260 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=de}}
• April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
• April 3 – Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1601)
• May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht (d. 1621){{cite book |last1=Chilvers |first1=Ian |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-953294-0 |page=325 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P906UFXIoMUC&dq=Hendrick+de+Keyser+%2215+may+1565%22&pg=PA325 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=en}}
• June 2 – Francisco Ribalta, Spanish painter (d. 1628){{cite book |last1=Prado |first1=Museo del |title=Boletín del Museo del Prado |date=1999 |publisher=El Museo |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSZGAQAAIAAJ&q=%20%222%20de%20junio%20de%201565%22 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=es}}
• June 14 – Francis Tanfield, English governor of the South Falkland colony{{cite DCB |title=TANFIELD, Sir FRANCIS |first=Gillian T. |last=Cell |volume=I |url=https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/tanfield_francis_1E.html |access-date=25 November 2023}}
• July 6 – Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, 1627–1628 (d. 1636){{cite book |title=Shakespeare Quarterly |date=1993 |publisher=Folger Shakespeare Library |page=66 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmllAAAAMAAJ&q=%226%20july%201565%22 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=en}}
• August 5 – Paola Massarenghi, Italian composer (d. unknown){{cite book |last1=Sadie |first1=Julie Anne |last2=Samuel |first2=Rhian |title=The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers |date=1995 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-03487-5 |page=319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IvoQQU1QL_QC&dq=Paola+Massarenghi+5+august+1565&pg=PA319 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=en}}
• August 9 – Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1627){{cite book |title=Allgemeine deutsche biographie |date=1884 |publisher=Duncker und Humblot |page=568 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4lHz64QcMHIC&dq=Ludwig+II+%229+august+1565%22&pg=PA568 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=de}}
• August 16 – Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637)
• August 20 – Margaretha van Valckenburch, Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (d. 1650){{cite web |title=Valckenburch, Margaretha van (1565-1650) |url=https://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Valkenburch |website=resources.huygens.knaw.nl |access-date=24 November 2023}}
• August 29 – Agostino Ciampelli, Italian painter (d. 1630){{cite book |last1=Buoncristiani |first1=Virgilio |title=Agostino Ciampelli a Palazzo Corsi |date=1986 |publisher=Banca commerciale italiana |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vu1GAQAAIAAJ&q=%2229%20agosto%201565%22 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=it}}
• September 17 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (d. 1600){{cite web |title=Eduard Fortunat - Deutsche Biographie |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd132102315.html#ndbcontent |website=www.deutsche-biographie.de |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=de}}
• September 28 – Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635){{cite book|author=Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich Prokhorov|title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mF0NAQAAMAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Macmillan|page=402}}
• October 6 – Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645){{cite book |last1=Insdorf |first1=Cecile |title=Montaigne and Feminism |date=1977 |publisher=U.N.C. Department of Romance Languages |isbn=978-0-8078-9194-0 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rN8dAQAAIAAJ&q=%226%20octobre%201565%22 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=en}}
• October 12 – Ippolito Galantini, Italian founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (d. 1619){{cite book |last1=Montor |first1=Artaud de |title=Storia dei sommi romani pontefici |date=1855 |publisher=Presso la Società editrice |page=1477 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=igE-AQAAMAAJ&dq=Ippolito+Galantini+%2214+ottobre+1565%22&pg=PA1477 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=it}}
• October 22 – Benedikt Carpzov the elder, German legal scholar (d. 1624){{cite book |last1=Stintzing |first1=Roderich |title=Geschichte der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft: Abth. Bis zum Jahre 1650. 1880 |date=1880 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |page=723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b00JAAAAQAAJ&dq=Benedikt+Carpzov+%2222+october+1565%22&pg=PA723 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=de}}
• November 10
• Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and politician (d. 1601){{cite book|author1=Paul E. J. Hammer|author2=Paul E. J.. Hammer|title=The Polarisation of Elizabethan Politics: The Political Career of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, 1585-1597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbKM-1eXuBkC&pg=PA13|date=24 June 1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-43485-0|pages=13}}
• Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646){{cite book |last1=Lundström |first1=Herman |title=Laurentius Paulinus Gothus: hans lif och verksamhet. (1565-1646) I. II. (1565-1637). |date=1893 |publisher=Almquist och Wiksells boktryckeri |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8CcTM5Bs-MC&dq=Laurentius+Paulinus+Gothus+%2210+november+1565%22&pg=PA7 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=sv}}
• November 14 – Petrus Bertius, Flemish theologian and scientist (d. 1629){{cite book |last1=Janssen |first1=Hendrik Quirinus |title=De kerkhervorming in Vlaanderen, historisch geschetst meest haar onuitgegeven besdheiden |date=1868 |publisher=J.W. & C.F. Swaan |page=185 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8wGgAAAAMAAJ&dq=Petrus+Bertius+%2214+november+1565%22&pg=PA185 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=nl}}
• December 2 – Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild, Northern Irish politician (d. 1627){{cite ODNB |title=Caulfeild, Toby, first Baron Caulfeild of Charlemont|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-4906|year=2004 |access-date=24 November 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4906}}
• date unknown
• Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635){{cite web |title=Riza |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/display/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000072328 |website=Grove Art Online |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628){{cite book |last1=Weber |first1=Francis J. |title=Popular History of Music from the Earliest Times |date=1891 |publisher=Simpkin |page=262 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WOUqAAAAYAAJ&dq=Gregor+Aichinger+%221565%22&pg=PA262 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618){{cite book |last1=LLC |first1=Book Builders |title=Encyclopedia of British Writers, 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries |date=14 May 2014 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-0869-8 |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2J7XGzpSCncC&dq=John+Davies+%221565%22&pg=PA108 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Camillo Graffico, Italian engraver (d. 1615){{cite book|last=Witcombe|first=Christopher L. C. E.|title=Copyright in the Renaissance: Prints and the Privilegio in Sixteenth-Century Venice and Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qijgk6YdxgMC&pg=PA211|accessdate=18 January 2013|year=2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13748-6|pages=211–}}
• George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634){{cite book |last1=Fellowes |first1=Edmund H. |title=The English Madrigal Composers |date=1921 |publisher=Clarendon Press |page=225 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PEEMAAAAMAAJ&dq=George+Kirbye+%221565%22+Rushbrooke&pg=PA225 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647){{cite book |last1=Haslewood |first1=Joseph |title=Ancient Critical Essays Upon English Poets and Poësy |date=1815 |publisher=Harding and Wright |page=iv |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nD2C3zCLaVQC&dq=Francis+Meres+%221565%22+kirton&pg=PR4 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• María Pita, Spanish heroine (d. 1643){{cite book |last1=Montserrat |first1=Jiménez Sureda |title=Manual d'història de la dona |date=10 September 2021 |publisher=Servei de Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona |isbn=978-84-490-9422-4 |page=319 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MmBCEAAAQBAJ&dq=Mar%C3%ADa+Pita+%221565%22&pg=PA319 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=ca}}
• John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639){{cite book |last1=Hook |first1=Walter Farquhar |title=An Ecclesiastical Biography: Containing the Lives of Ancient Fathers and Modern Divines, Interspersed with Notices of Heretics and Schismatics, Forming a Brief History of the Church in Every Age |date=1852 |publisher=F. and J. Rivington |page=456 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwoqAQAAIAAJ&dq=John+Spottiswoode+%221565%22+Mid+Calder&pg=PA456 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608){{cite book |last1=Stephen |first1=Leslie |title=Dictionary of National Biography |date=1900 |publisher=Macmillan |page=116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzsJAAAAIAAJ&dq=Edmund+Whitelocke+%221565%22&pg=PA116 |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}
• probable
• Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646){{cite web |title=Lobo, Duarte |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/display/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000016835 |website=Grove Music Online |access-date=25 November 2023 |language=en}}

File:Portret van de jezuïet Jacobus Laynez Portretten van generaal oversten van de jezuïeten (serietitel) Effigies præpositorvm generalivm societatis Iesv (serietitel), RP-P-1910-4016.jpg]]

File:Ritratto di Pio IV.jpg]]

• January 19 – Diego Laynez, Spanish Jesuit theologian (b. 1512){{cite book |last1=Bonfill |first1=Melchor |title=Verdadero retrato al daguerreotipo de la Compañía de Jesus: escrito en impugnacion de un pretendido Retrato al daguerreotipo de los jesuitas |date=1852 |publisher=Imprenta de Pons y Ca. |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-sUD2-U3-FsC&dq=Diego+Laynez+%2219+de+enero+de+1565%22&pg=PA188 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=es}}
• January 28 – Francisco Cesi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1500){{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 19, 1544 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1544.htm#Cesi |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=26 November 2023}}
• February 28 – John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b. 1509){{cite book |last1=Hartmann |first1=Franz |title=Geschichte der Stadt Münsterberg in Schlesien von ihrer Gründung bis zur Gegenwart |date=1907 |publisher=Münsterberger zeitung |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUkxAAAAYAAJ&dq=Johann+von+M%C3%BCnsterberg+%2228+februar+1565%22&pg=PA132 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=de}}
• March 17 – Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500){{cite book |title=Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, etc |date=1875 |publisher=Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften |page=336 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vE0gZ_8iRUYC&dq=Alexander+Ales+%2217+marz+1565%22&pg=PA336 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=de}}
• c. March – Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist (b. c. 1510){{cite book |last1=Mori |first1=Emilio Cotarelo y |title=Lope de Rueda y el teatro español de su tiempo |date=1901 |publisher=La Revista española |page=39 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfECAAAAYAAJ&q=%22marzo%20de%201565%22 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=es}}
• April 2 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton, English noble (b. 1526){{cite book |last1=Clay |first1=John William |title=The Extinct and Dormant Peerages of the Northern Counties of England |date=1913 |publisher=J. Nisbet & Company, Limited |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E-1DAQAAMAAJ&dq=Elisabeth+Brooke+%222+april+1565%22&pg=PA158 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=en}}
• April 27 – Osanna of Cattaro, Dominican visionary and anchoress (b. 1493){{cite book |last1=Petter |first1=Franz |title=Dalmatien in seinen verschiedenen |date=1857 |publisher=Gotha,J. Perthes |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwMEAAAAYAAJ&dq=Osanna+of+Cattaro+%2227+april+1565%22&pg=RA1-PA251 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=de}}
• May 14 – Nicolaus von Amsdorf, German Protestant reformer (b. 1483){{cite book |last1=Pressel |first1=Theodor |title=Nicolaus von Amsdorf: nach gleichzeitigen Quellen |date=1862 |publisher=Friderichs |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4idBAAAAcAAJ&dq=Nicolaus+von+Amsdorf+%2214+mai+1565%22&pg=PA158 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=de}}
• May 5 – Queen Munjeong, Korean queen (b. 1501)
• May 28 – Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1515){{cite book |last1=Krasinski |first1=Valerian |title=Zarys dziejów powstania i upadku reformacji w Polsce hr. Walerjana Krasińskiego |date=1903 |publisher=Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZIcAAAAMAAJ&dq=Miko%C5%82aj+Krzysztof+Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82+%2228+maja+1565%22&pg=PA190 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=pl}}
• June 12 – Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (b. 1512){{cite book |title=A New and General Biographical Dictionary: Containing an Historical and Critical Account of the Lives and Writings of the Most Eminent Persons in Every Nation |date=1762 |publisher=T. Osborne, J. Whiston and B. White, W. Strahan, T. Payne, W. Owen, and W. Johnston [and 7 others] |page=233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7EDAAAAYAAJ&dq=Adrianus+Turnebus+12+juin+1565&pg=PA233 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=en}}
• June 17 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b. 1536){{cite book |title=東大寺大仏殿の戦い |publisher=歴史研究会 |page=62 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfMWEAAAQBAJ&dq=%E8%B6%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A9%E8%BC%9D%E3%80%8E1565%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%8817%E6%97%A5%E3%80%8F&pg=PA62 |access-date=26 November 2023}}{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2024}}{{Unreliable source?|date=February 2024}}
• June 19 – Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (b. 1514){{cite book |last1=Mayr |first1=Michael |title=Wolfgang Lazius als Geschichtschreiber Österreichs: Ein Beitrag zur Historiographie des 16. Jahrhunderts. Mit Nachträgen zur Biographie |date=1894 |publisher=Wagner |page=64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XiDzImcluzsC&q=%20%2219%20juni%201565%22 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=de}}
• June 23 – Turgut Reis, Ottoman naval commander (b. 1485){{cite book |last1=Mercieca |first1=Simon |last2=Cassar |first2=Frans X. |title=Besieged : Malta 1565 |date=2015 |publisher=Malta Libraries and Heritage Malta Publication |isbn=978-99932-57-31-8 |pages=39–46 |url=https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/25593 |access-date=26 November 2023 |language=en}}
• July 18 – Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England
• August – Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500){{cite web |title=Jacques Buus |url=https://www.mgg-online.com/article?id=mgg02300&v=1.0&rs=id-ddd4233d-9b3b-f2b8-5cd5-2652883f35c8 |website=www.mgg-online.com |access-date=26 November 2023}}
• August 29 – Alfonso Carafa, Italian cardinal (b. 1540){{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 15, 1557 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1557.htm#Carafa |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=27 November 2023}}
• June 25 – Herluf Trolle, Danish Admiral of the Fleet and co-founder of Herlufsholm School (b. 1516){{cite book |title=Nordisk Familjebok Konversationslexikon Och Realencyklopedi |date=1919 |publisher=Expeditionen af Nordisk familjebok |page=831 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDdzcsZEs3gC&dq=Herluf+Trolle+%2225+juni+1565%22&pg=PA835 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=sv}}
• September 13 – William Farel, French evangelist (b. 1489){{cite book |title=Guillaume Farel - 1489-1565- Biographie Nouvelle. |date=1978 |publisher=Slatkine |page=723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIzJACxXUSkC&q=%20%2213%20septembre%201565%22 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=fr}}
• September 11–20 – Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515){{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Melvin P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Choral Music |date=17 June 2010 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-7392-6 |page=376 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvD9Ou7wdccC&dq=Cipriano+de+Rore+%2220+september+1565%22&pg=PA376 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=en}}
• October 4 – Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b. 1498){{cite book |title=La Riforma in Italia nel secolo XVI. |date=1856 |publisher=Unione Tipografico-Editrice |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKtdAAAAcAAJ&dq=Pier+Paolo+Vergerio+%224+ottobre+1565%22&pg=PA163 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=it}}
• October 5 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522){{cite web |title=Lodovico Ferrari - Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ferrari/ |website=Maths History |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=en}}
• October 7 – Johannes Mathesius, German theologian (b. 1504){{cite book |last1=Volz |first1=Hans |title=Die Lutherpredigten des Johannes Mathesius: kritische untersuchungen zur geschichtsschreibung im Zeitalter der reformation |date=1971 |publisher=Johnson |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gi8WAAAAIAAJ&q=%20%227%20oktober%201565%22 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=de}}
• October 12 – Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520){{cite book |last1=Lestringant |first1=Frank |title=Le Huguenot et le sauvage: l'Amérique et la controverse coloniale en France, au temps des guerres de religion (1555-1589) |date=1999 |publisher=Klincksieck |isbn=978-2-252-03279-4 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WYB1AAAAMAAJ&q=%2212%20octobre%201565%22 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=fr}}
• October 14 – Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521){{cite book |title=North Country Wills: Being Abstracts of Wills Relating to the Counties of York, Nottingham, Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland, at Somerset House and Lambeth Palace 1383 |date=1912 |publisher=Andrews & Company |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxUpAAAAYAAJ&dq=Thomas+Chaloner+%2214+october+1565%22&pg=PA44 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=en}}
• October 21 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1538){{cite book |last1=Sehling |first1=Emil |title=Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts: -2. Bd. Sachsen und Thüringen, nebst angrenzenden Gebieten |date=1902 |publisher=O.R. Reisland |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9mFHAQAAMAAJ&dq=Johann+Friedrich+III+%2231+oktober+1565%22&pg=PA60 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=de}}
• October 22 – Jean, Vicomte d'Aguisy Grolier de Servieres, French bibliophile (b. 1479){{cite book |last1=Cuaz |first1=Ernest |title=Histoire du château de Pont-d'Ain |date=1892 |publisher=Mougin-Rusand |page=200 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JswFqZMLcaYC&dq=Jean+Grolier+de+Servi%C3%A8res+%2222+octobre+1565%22&pg=PA200 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=fr}}
• October 29 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (b. 1530){{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 16, 1545 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1545.htm#Farnese |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=27 November 2023}}
• November 2 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (b. 1532){{cite book |last1=Kramer |first1=Georg Friedrich |title=Handbuch für den Oberdonau-Kreis: bearbeitet nach den offiziellen Hilfsquellen |date=1831 |publisher=Kramer |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMROAAAAcAAJ&dq=Mechthild+von+Bayern+%222+november+1565%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=de}}
• November 25 – Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (b. 1512){{cite book |last1=Dardess |first1=John W. |title=A Political Life in Ming China: A Grand Secretary and His Times |date=25 September 2013 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-2378-3 |page=144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rV4rAQAAQBAJ&dq=Hu+Zongxian+25+november+1565&pg=PA144 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=en}}
• December 9 – Pope Pius IV (b. 1499){{cite web |title=Pius IV {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pius-IV |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=23 November 2020 |language=en}}
• December 12 – Johan Rantzau, German general (b. 1492){{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Diethard H. |title=Schleswig-Holsteinisches Hausbuch: gute alte Zeit zwischen Nord- und Ostsee in Bildern und Geschichten, Gedichten und Berichten |date=1983 |publisher=Rombach |isbn=978-3-7930-0746-3 |page=409 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wcNbAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2212%20dezember%201565%22 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=de}}
• December 13 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516){{cite book |last1=Barton |first1=William M. |title=Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy |chapter=Gessner, Conrad |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5_1097 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |access-date=27 November 2023 |pages=1371–1374 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5_1097 |date=2022|isbn=978-3-319-14168-8 }}
• date unknown
• Antonio Bernieri, Italian painter of the Renaissance period (b. 1516) {{cite book |last1=Bryan |first1=Michael |title=Dictionary of Painters and Engravers: Biographical and Critical |date=1886 |publisher=G. Bell and sons |page=117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axwoAAAAYAAJ&dq=Antonio+Bernieri+%221565%22&pg=PA117 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=en}}
• Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanate{{cite book |last1=Амирханов |first1=Хусаин |title=Таварих-е Булгарийа (Булгарские хроники) |date=15 May 2022 |publisher=Litres |isbn=978-5-04-001376-0 |page=88 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9esCwAAQBAJ&dq=%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80-%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4+%221565%22&pg=PA88 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=ru}}
• Paweł Tarło, canon of Kraków, Poland{{cite book |last1=Załęski |first1=Stanisław |title=Jezuici w Polsce |date=1900 |publisher=Drukiem i nakładem, drukarni ludowej |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaouAAAAYAAJ&dq=Pawe%C5%82+Tar%C5%82o+%221565%22&pg=PA169 |access-date=27 November 2023 |language=pl}}

{{Reflist}}

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