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1539

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{{About year|1539}}

{{Year nav|1539}}

File:Canterbury-cathedral-wyrdlight.jpg: Canterbury Cathedral surrenders to English governmental control.]]

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__NOTOC__

Year 1539 (MDXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

= January–March =

= April–June =

= July–September =

  • July 13 – Lütfi Pasha becomes the new Grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire after being appointed by the Sultan Suleiman the Great following the death of Ayas Mehmed Pasha
  • July 18 – The siege of Castelnuovo (now the town of Herceg Novi in Montenegro) is started by General Hayreddin Barbarossa, leader of the Ottoman Empire's Army, after the Spanish commanding officer, Francisco de Sarmiento, rejects an offer of honorable surrender with safe passage. Spain had taken the city in war from the Ottomans in 1538, giving the Christian Europeans control of the eastern Mediterranean sea and access to the Holy Land. With 50,000 Ottomans against less than 4,000 Spanish defenders, Castelnuovo falls in less than three weeks.{{cite book |last= Arsenal|first= León|author2=Prado, Fernando |title= Rincones de historia española|year= 2008 |pages=26–34 |publisher= EDAF|isbn=978-84-414-2050-2|language=es}}
  • The siege of Castelnuovo ends after 19 days and the deaths of as many as 20,000 of the Ottoman attackers. After the city falls, almost all of the surviving Spanish defenders are executed, including Spain's General de Sarmiento.{{cite book |last= Martínez Laínez |first= Fernando |author2=Sánchez de Toca Catalá |author3=José María |title= Tercios de España: la infantería legendaria |year= 2006 |publisher= EDAF |page=116 |location= Madrid |isbn=978-84-414-1847-9 |language=es}}
  • August 15 – King Francis I of France issues the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêt, that places the whole of France under the jurisdiction of the royal law courts, and makes French the language of those courts, and the official language of legal discourse.
  • August 17 – The revolt of Ghent begins in the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) as members of the city's guilds demand the right to choose their own leaders, and the resignation of the Spanish-sponsored city leaders. Within four days, the city is under the control of nine guild leaders.{{cite book |last=Arnade |first=Peter J. |title=Realms of Ritual: Burgundian Ceremony and Civic Life in Late Medieval Ghent |date=1996 |publisher=Cornell University Press|pages=200–202 |isbn=978-0-8014-3098-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mcKhLE4BF4C}}
  • September 7 – Guru Angad Dev becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs.

= October–December =

  • October 4 – Henry VIII contracts to marry Anne of Cleves.{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/210|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/210 210–215]}}
  • November 1 – Joachim II Hector introduces Lutheranism in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, becoming the second Prince-Elector after the Prince-Elector of Saxony to turn Protestant.
  • November 26 – Abbot Marmaduke Bradley and 31 monks sign the deed surrendering Fountains Abbey to the English Crown.{{cite book |last = Coppack |first = Glyn |title = Fountains Abbey |publisher = Amberley |date = 2009 |pages =11, 130 |isbn= 978-1-84868-418-8}}
  • December 7 – Juan Pardo de Tavera, Archbishop of Toledo, begins his administration as the Grand Inquisitor of Spain.[http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1531.htm Biographical Dictionary of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church]. fiu.edu. Retrieved on 26 January 2012.
  • December 15 – In the Spanish colony of Nueva Granada (now the Republic of Colombia, Spanish conquistador Baltasar Maldonado and his troops fight a final battle at Duitama (now the Boyacá Department) against the indigenous armies of the Muisca Confederation, led by Tundama.[https://pueblosoriginarios.com/biografias/tundama.html "Tundama biography], PueblosOriginarios.com
  • December 27 – Anne of Cleves arrives in England in fulfillment of the October 4 contract for marriage to King Henry VIII and the payment of a dowry of 100,000 florins to her brother. The Anne and Henry are married 10 days later, but the marriage is annulled on July 12.

= Undated =

Births

File:Raphelengius .jpg]]

Deaths

File:Isabella d'Este palazzo ducale.jpg]]

File:San_Antonio_Maria_Zaccaria.jpg]]

References

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