1568

File:Mary, Queen of Scots after Nicholas Hilliard.jpg, flees to England.]]

• January 6 – In the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, the delegates of Unio Trium Nationum to the Diet of Torda convene in a session that ends on January 13, during which freedom of religion is debated.
• January 28 – The Edict of Torda, Europe's first declaration of religious freedom, is adopted by the Kingdom of Hungary.
• February 7 – Members of a Spanish expedition, commanded by Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, become the first Europeans to see the Solomon Islands, landing at Santa Isabel Island.{{cite web|url=http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/mendana-queiros/mendana-queiros.html|title=Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira, 1542?–1595|publisher=Princeton University Library|access-date=8 February 2013}}{{cite web |title=Solomon Islands |url=https://www.un.int/solomonislands/solomonislands/country-facts |website=www.un.int |access-date=8 December 2023}}
• February 16 – Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, governor of the Spanish Netherlands issues an edict condemning to death those who rebel against Spanish authority to combat religious unrest.
• February 17 – Treaty of Adrianople (sometimes called the Peace of Adrianople): The Habsburgs agree to pay tribute to the Ottomans.{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 |date=1984 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-162-0 |page=922 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrUNi2m_qZAC&q=%22Adrianople%22%20february |access-date=5 December 2023 |language=en}}{{cite journal |last1=Cîmpeanu |first1=Liviu |title=The Transylvanian-Saxon University at War: Trabanten in John Sigismund Szapolyai's Campaigns at the North-Western Borders of Transylvania (1561–1567) |journal=Acta Musei Napocensis. Historica |date=2021 |volume=58 |issue=58 |pages=11–28 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1013179 |access-date=5 December 2023 |language=English |issn=1454-1521}}
• February 23 – Akbar the Great of the Mughal Empire captures the massive Chittor Fort in northern India after a siege that began on October 23, 1567.Ram Vallabh Somani, History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. (Mateshwari, 1976){{cite book |last1=Mathur |first1=R. S. |title=Relations of Hadas with Mughal Emperors, 1568-1720 A.D. |date=1985 |publisher=Deputy Publications |page=53 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kHYtAAAAMAAJ&q=1568%20%22chittor%22 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}
• February 28 – French Huguenots begin the Siege of Chartres, but fail to take the walled city after 15 days.James Wood,The King's Army: Warfare, Soldiers and Society during the Wars of Religion in France, 1562-1576 Cambridge University Press, 2002) p.215{{cite book |last1=Baird |first1=Henry Martyn |title=History of the Rise of the Huguenots of France |date=1880 |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |page=231 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpGx4RfOfPQC&dq=Huguenots+chartres+%221568%22&pg=PA231 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}
• March 23 – The Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France.{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=Penny |title=Peace and Authority during the French Religious Wars c.1560–1600 |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-137-32675-1 |pages=29–50 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137326751_3 |access-date=5 December 2023 |language=en |chapter=Phases of Peace|doi=10.1057/9781137326751_3 }} Again Catherine de' Medici and Charles IX make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.

• April 23 – Eighty Years' War: The Battle of Dahlen takes place in the Duchy of Jülich near the modern-day Rheindahlen borough in the German city of Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia. Spanish troops, commanded by Sancho d'Avila, overwhelm a larger force of Dutch rebels led by Jean de Montigny, Lord of Villers.John Lothrop Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic: A History (Harper & Brothers, 1883) p.160
• May 2 – The deposed Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Lochleven Castle.
• May 13 – Marian civil war in Scotland: Battle of Langside – The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland and her half-brother.{{cite book|author1=Peter G. B. McNeill|author2=Hector L. MacQueen|title=Atlas of Scottish History to 1707|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qs1-AAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Scottish Medievalists and Department of Geography, University of Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-9503904-1-3|page=134|language=en}}
• May 16 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees across the Solway Firth from Scotland to England{{cite journal|last=Holmes|first=P. J.|title=Mary Stewart in England|journal=The Innes Review|year=1987|volume=38|issue=38|pages=195–218|doi=10.3366/inr.1987.38.38.195|url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/inr.1987.38.38.195?journalCode=inr|access-date=2023-12-05|url-access=subscription}} but on May 19 is placed in custody in Carlisle Castle on the orders of Queen Elizabeth I of England, her cousin.
• May 23 – Battle of Heiligerlee: Troops under Louis of Nassau, brother of William the Silent, defeat a smaller loyalist force under the Duke of Arenberg, in an attempt to invade the Northern Netherlands. This effectively begins the Eighty Years' War.{{cite book|author=Marco van der Hoeven|title=Exercise of Arms: Warfare in the Netherlands, 1568-1648|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95Lbwsu1EC8C&pg=PA57|year=1997|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-10727-4|pages=57|language=en}}
• June 1 – A mass execution is carried out in the Spanish Netherlands at Sablon, near Brussels, as 18 persons who signed the Compromise of Nobles on April 5, 1566, are beheaded.Louis Verniers, Un millénaire d'histoire de Bruxelles. Des origines à 1830 (A. De Boeck, 1965) p.227
• June 13 – Thomas Lancaster is consecrated as the Archbishop of Armagh, spiritual leader of the Church of Ireland, succeeding Archbishop Adam Loftus.
• June 27 – Ottoman pirate Kılıç Ali Pasha, formerly Italian farmer Giovanni Dionigi Galeni, is appointed as the Ottoman Beylerbey of Ottoman Algeria by the Sultan Selim II.

• July 21 – Battle of Jemmingen: The main Spanish army of the Duke of Alba utterly defeats Louis of Nassau's invading army in the Northeastern Netherlands.{{cite book |last1=Jaques |first1=Tony |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges [3 volumes]: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century [3 volumes] |date=30 November 2006 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-02799-4 |page=489 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbLOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Battle+of+Jemmingen+louis+of+nassau+Fernando+%C3%81lvarez+%2221+july+1568%22&pg=PA489 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}
• August 18 – The Third War of Religion begins in France, after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture Condé and Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.
• September 24 – Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (Anglo-Spanish War): In the Gulf of Mexico, a Spanish fleet forces English privateers under John Hawkins to end their campaign.{{cite book |last1=Figueroa |first1=Macrina Rabadán |title=Propios y extraños: la presencia de los extranjeros en la vida de la ciudad de México, 1821-1860 |date=2006 |publisher=Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos |isbn=978-970-701-761-0 |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OnR6AAAAMAAJ&q=Batalla+de+San+Juan+de+Ul%C3%BAa+John+Hawkins+%2224+de+septiembre+de+1568%22 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=es}}
• September 29 – The Swedish king Eric XIV is deposed by his half-brothers John and Charles.{{cite book |last1=Williamson |first1=David |title=Debrett's kings and queens of Europe |date=1988 |publisher=Webb & Bower |location=Exter |isbn=978-0-86350-194-4 |page=124 |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettskingsque0000will_i4j1/page/124/mode/2up?q=1568 |access-date=6 December 2023}} John proclaims himself king John III the next day.

• October 5 – William the Silent invades the southeastern Netherlands.{{cite book |last1=Lovett |first1=A. W. |title=Early Habsburg Spain, 1517-1598 |date=1986 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-822139-5 |page=160 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKIhAAAAMAAJ&q=%225%20october%201568%22 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}
• October 18 — Ashikaga Yoshiaki is installed as Shōgun, beginning the Azuchi–Momoyama period in Japan.{{cite book |title=Japan Encyclopedia |date=2002 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01753-5 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&dq=Ashikaga+Yoshiaki+shogun+%221568%22&pg=PA55 |access-date=6 December 2023 |language=en}}Katsumi Kuroita, ed., Public Court Appointments, Part 3, Vol. 55 (Kokushi Taikei Publishing Association, 1936)
• October 20 – Battle of Jodoigne: Spanish forces under the Duke of Alba destroy William the Silent's rearguard and William abandons his offensive.{{cite book|author1=Trevor Nevitt Dupuy|author2=Curt Johnson|author3=David L. Bongard|title=The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Y4UAQAAIAAJ|year=1992|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-270015-5|page=800|language=en}}
• November 12 – Dutch rebels commanded by William the Silent defeat Spanish Habsburg troops led by Sancho d'Avila in the battle of Le Quesnoy in northern France.
• November 22 – The second treaty of Roskilde is signed between representatives of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Kingdom of Sweden to end the Northern Seven Years' War. Sweden cedes the Duchy of Estonia (Estland) to Danish control.
• November 27 – Burmese–Siamese War: Dispatched by King Bayinnaung, 55,000 Burmese troops arrive at Phitsanulok (in modern-day Thailand) and drive back the attack by armies from the Ayutthaya Kingdom (Thailand) Lan Xang (Laos), then prepare to invade Ayutthaya to put down the rebellion by Ayutthayan King Maha ChakkraphatHmannan chronicle, Vol. 2, p.403)
• December 24 – The Morisco Revolt against King Philip II of Spain begins as Aben Humeya (formerly Fernando de Válor) is proclaimed as King of the Granadan rebels.
• December 28 – Ludwig III becomes the Duke of Württemberg in German Bavaria after the death of his father, Christoph.

• The Russo-Turkish War begins in Astrakhan.
• Álvaro I succeeds his stepfather Henrique I as ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo{{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=John K. |title=The Kongo Kingdom: The Origins, Dynamics and Cosmopolitan Culture of an African Polity |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-47418-4 |pages=103–122 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/kongo-kingdom/soyo-and-kongo/8FD96F6218631637E68156DFA470960A |access-date=8 December 2023 |chapter=Soyo and Kongo: The Undoing of the Kingdom’s Centralization}} forming the Kwilu dynasty that rules the kingdom without interruption until May 1622.
• Polybius' The Histories are first translated into English, by Christopher Watson.Polybius (1979). The Rise Of The Roman Empire. Penguin. p. 36.

File:Urban VIII.jpg]]

• January 6 – Henri Spondanus, French historian (d. 1643){{cite book |last1=Wetzer |first1=H. J. |title=Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la théologie catholique |date=1864 |publisher=Gaume |page=367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXhkIz7ZemgC&dq=Henri+Spondanus+%226+janvier+1568%22&pg=PA367 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=fr}}
• January 14 – Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (d. 1631){{cite book |title=Pharmazeutische Zeitung, vereinigt mit Apotheker-Zeitung |date=1957 |publisher=Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer Verlag GmbH |page=1326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eMEZb9LZSPUC&q=%20%2214%20januar%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}
• January 20 – Daniel Cramer, German theologian (d. 1637){{cite book |title=Das Reformationszeitalter |date=1886 |publisher=LS Ehlermann |location=Dresden |page=142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d2o9myYh8zkC&dq=Daniel+Cramer+%2220+januar+1568%22&pg=PA142 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}
• January 28 – Gustav of Sweden, Swedish prince (d. 1607)
• January 30 – Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg, countess (d. 1636)
• February 2 – Péter Révay, Hungarian historian (d. 1622){{cite book |title=Irodalomtörténeti közlemények |date=1977 |publisher=Akadémiai Kiadó |page=494 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LxNZAAAAMAAJ&q=%221568.%20febru%C3%A1r%202.%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=hu}}
• February 11 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (d. 1625){{cite book |last1=Germa |first1=Bernard |title=L'Astrée d'Honoré d'Urfé: sa composition - son influence |date=1904 |publisher=E. Privat |page=13 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BpFAQAAMAAJ&dq=Honor%C3%A9+d%27Urf%C3%A9+%2211+fevrier+1568%22&pg=PA13 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=fr}}
• March 9 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (d. 1591){{cite web |title=LUIGI Gonzaga, santo - Treccani |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/santo-luigi-gonzaga_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=it}}
• March 16 – Juan Martínez Montañés, Spanish sculptor (d. 1649){{cite book |last1=Díaz |first1=José Hernández |last2=Montañés |first2=Juan Martínez |title=Juan Martínez Montañés (1568-1649) |date=1987 |publisher=Ediciones Guadalquivir |isbn=978-84-86080-04-4 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGjqAAAAMAAJ&q=Juan+Mart%C3%ADnez+Monta%C3%B1%C3%A9s+%2216+de+marzo+de+1568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=es}}
• March 28 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (d. 1646){{cite book |title=Johannes Polyander: een dienaar van kerk en universiteit |date=24 December 2018 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38189-6 |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAD1DwAAQBAJ&q=%20%2228%20maart%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=nl}}
• March 30 – Henry Wotton, English author and diplomat (d. 1639){{cite book |last1=Sharp |first1=Robert Farquharson |title=A Dictionary of English Authors, Biographical and Bibliographical |date=1904 |publisher=K. Paul, Trench, Trübner |isbn=978-0-87821-045-9 |page=305 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UPQXAAAAMAAJ&dq=Henry+Wotton+%2230+march+1568%22&pg=PA305 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}
• April 5 – Pope Urban VIII (d. 1644){{cite web |title=URBANO VIII |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/urbano-viii_(Enciclopedia-dei-Papi)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=it}}
• April 17 – George Brooke, English aristocrat (d. 1603){{cite book |last1=McKeen |first1=David |title=A Memory of Honour: The Life of William Brooke, Lord Cobham |date=1986 |publisher=Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, Universität Salzburg |page=162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMQgAAAAMAAJ&q=%20%2217%20april%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=en}}
• April 21 – Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1587){{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Johann Friedrich |title=Vollständigere Staatsbeschreibung des Herzogthums Schleswig |date=1770 |publisher=Korte |page=192 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T41YAAAAcAAJ&dq=Friedrich+II+%2221+april+1568%22&pg=PA192 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}
• April 28 – Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal (d. 1630){{cite book |title=Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía |publisher=RAMHG |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Usw-0zh9bMQC&dq=Teod%C3%B3sio+II+%2228+de+abril+de+1568%22&pg=PA152 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=es}}
• May 9 – Guglielmo Caccia, Italian painter (d. 1625)
• May 11 – Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1630){{cite book |last1=Deinet |first1=Klaus |title=Christian I. von Anhalt-Bernburg (1568-1630): Eine Biographie des Scheiterns |date=15 July 2020 |publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag |isbn=978-3-17-038317-3 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B6zxDwAAQBAJ&q=%2211%20mai%201568%22 |access-date=8 December 2023 |language=de}}
• May 17 – Anna Vasa of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1625){{cite book |last1=Norrman |first1=David Emanuel |title=Sigismund Vasa och hans regering i Polen (1587-1632) |date=1978 |publisher=Norstedt |isbn=978-91-1-783362-6 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8tWAAAAYAAJ&q=%2217%20maj%201568%22 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=sv}}
• May 29 – Virginia de' Medici, Duchess of Modena and Reggio (d. 1615){{cite book |title=Miscellanea di storia italiana |date=1869 |publisher=Bocca |page=326 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtJTAAAAcAAJ&dq=Virginia+de%27+Medici+%2229+maggio+1568%22&pg=PA826 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=it}}
• June 6 – Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent of Saxony (1591–1601) (d. 1622){{cite book |title=Allgemeine deutsche Biographie ...: Senckenberg |date=1892 |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |page=689 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXjRaAn_b4MC&dq=Sophie+von+Brandenburg+%226+juni+1568%22&pg=PA689 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=de}}
• June 25 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597){{cite book |last1=Hofberg |first1=Herman |title=Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon |date=1906 |publisher=Albert Bonniers |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4qk7AQAAMAAJ&dq=Gunilla+Bielke+%2225+juni+1568%22&pg=PA89 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=sv}}
• July 1 – Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German Catholic bishop (d. 1623){{cite book |title=Zeitschrift des Harz-Vereins für Geschichte und Altertumskunde |date=1889 |publisher=Harzverein |page=233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1OIGPJcPOaoC&dq=Philipp+Sigismund+%221+juli+1568%22&pg=PA233 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=de}}
• August 27 – Hercule, Duke of Montbazon (d. 1654){{cite book |last1=Simplicien |first1=Paul Lucas |title=L'Etat de la France... Des troupes de la Maison du Roi... |date=1749 |publisher=chez d'Houry fils |page=512 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iu0P892ySTgC&dq=Hercule+de+Rohan+%2227+aout+1568%22&pg=PA512 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=fr}}
• September 3 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634){{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Melvin P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Choral Music |date=14 August 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2434-5 |page=32 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGjQEAAAQBAJ&dq=Adriano+Banchieri+%223+september+1568%22&pg=PA32 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}
• September 5 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (d. 1639){{cite book|author=Germana Ernst|title=Tommaso Campanella: The Book and the Body of Nature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFhnDDX6oU8C&pg=PA2|date=16 March 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-90-481-3126-6|pages=2}}
• October 2 – Marino Ghetaldi, Croatian mathematician and physicist (d. 1626){{cite web |title=Marino Ghetaldi - Biography |url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Ghetaldi/ |website=Maths History |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}
• October 18 – Henry Wallop, English politician (d. 1642){{cite web |title=WALLOP, Henry (1568-1642), of Farleigh Wallop, Hants. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/wallop-henry-1568-1642 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=10 December 2023}}
• November 18 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (d. 1636)
• December 17 – Jonathan Trelawny, English politician (d. 1604){{cite book |last1=Rowe |first1=Joshua Brooking |title=A History of the Borough of Plympton Erle: The Castle and Manor of Plympton, and of the Ecclesiastical Parish of Plympton St. Thomas, in the County of Devon |date=1906 |publisher=J.G. Commin |pages=232–233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_UVAAAAYAAJ&dq=Jonathan+Trelawny+17+december+1568&pg=PA232 |language=en}}
• date unknown
• Nikolaus Ager, French botanist (d. 1634){{cite book |last1=Leibrock-Plehn |first1=Larissa |title=Hexenkräuter oder Arznei: die Abtreibungsmittel im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert |date=1992 |publisher=Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft |isbn=978-3-8047-1200-3 |page=107 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ysMeAQAAIAAJ&q=Nikolaus+Ager+%221568%22 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=de}}
• John Welsh of Ayr, Scottish Presbyterian leader{{cite book |last1=Young |first1=James |title=Life of John Welsh, Minister of Ayr: Including Illustrations of the Contemporary Ecclesiastical History of Scotland and France |date=1866 |publisher=J. Maclaren |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EEIFAAAAYAAJ&dq=John+Welsh+%221568%22&pg=PA9 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (d. 1648){{cite book |last1=Cokayne |first1=George Edward |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Canonteign to Cutts |date=1913 |publisher=St. Catherine Press, Limited |page=198 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FglBQqITgvYC&dq=Edward+Chichester+%221568%22&pg=PA198 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Nakagawa Hidemasa, Japanese military leader (d. 1592)
• Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl, Mexican historian (d. 1648){{cite book |last1=Cayne |first1=Bernard S. |title=The Encyclopedia Americana |date=1981 |publisher=Grolier |isbn=978-0-7172-0112-9 |page=634 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YhoaAAAAMAAJ&q=Fernando+de+Alva+Cort%C3%A9s+%221568%22 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Gervase Markham, English poet and writer (d. 1637){{cite ODNB |title=Markham, Gervase|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-18065|year=2004 |access-date=10 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/18065}}
• Robert Wintour, English conspirator (executed 1606)
• Wei Zhongxian, Grand Secretary of China (d. 1627){{cite journal |last1=McMahon |first1=Keith |title=The Potent Eunuch: The Story of Wei Zhongxian |journal=Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture |date=2014 |volume=1 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–28 |doi=10.1215/23290048-2749359 |s2cid=162821741 |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/jclc/article-abstract/1/1-2/1/9994/The-Potent-Eunuch-The-Story-of-Wei-Zhongxian |access-date=10 December 2023|url-access=subscription }}
• Ōtsu Ono, Japanese woman poet, koto, and writer (believed to have learned how to write from Nobutada Konoe) (d. 1631)

File:Albrecht von Hohenzollern.jpg]]

• January 26 – Lady Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (b. 1540){{cite book|author=Robert Stedall|title=The Challenge to the Crown: Volume I: The Struggle for Influence in the Reign of Mary Queen of Scots 1542-1567|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3kcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA157|date=26 July 2012|publisher=Book Guild Publishing|isbn=978-1-84624-646-3|pages=157|language=en}}
• February 15 – Hendrick van Brederode, Dutch reformer (b. 1531){{cite book |last1=Brink |first1=Jan ten |title=De eerste jaren der Nederlandsche revolutie (1555-1568) |date=1882 |publisher=Elsevier |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3NWAAAAcAAJ&dq=Hendrik+van+Brederode+%2215+februari+1568%22&pg=PA208 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}
• March 19 – Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell, English noblewoman (b.c. 1518)
• March 20 (plague)
• Albert, Duke of Prussia (b. 1490){{cite book |last1=Hartmann |first1=Stefan |title=Herzog Albrecht von Preussen und Livland (1565-1570): Regesten aus dem Herzoglichen Briefarchiv |date=2008 |publisher=Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar |isbn=978-3-412-20176-0 |page=145 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vL9fznIFI8C&dq=Albrecht+von+Preu%C3%9Fen+%2220+marz+1568%22&pg=PA145 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=de}}
• Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (b. 1532){{cite book |last1=Hale |first1=Sarah Josepha Buell |title=A Cyclopædia of Female Biography ... [A revised abridgement, with additions, of "Woman's Record".] Edited by H.G. Adams |date=1857 |publisher=Groombridge & Sons |location=London |page=44 |url=https://archive.org/details/acyclopdiafemal00cyclgoog/page/44/mode/2up?q=1568 |access-date=11 December 2023}}
• May 23 – Adolf of Nassau, Count of Nassau, Dutch soldier (b. 1540){{cite book |last1=Beausar |first1=Nicolaas Godfried |title=Nederland |date=1852 |publisher=Verkonteren |page=64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpjJ3CyluZoC&dq=Adolf+van+Nassau+%2223+mei+1568%22&pg=PA64 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}
• April 7 – Onofrio Panvinio, Italian Augustinian historian (b. 1529){{cite web |title=PANVINIO, Onofrio - Treccani |url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/onofrio-panvinio_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ |website=Treccani |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=it}}
• April 27 – Giovanni Michele Saraceni, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1498){{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1551-ii.htm#Saraceni |website=cardinals.fiu.edu |access-date=11 December 2023}}
• May 6 – Bernardo Salviati, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1508){{cite web |title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of February 26, 1561 |url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1561.htm#Salviati |website=cardinals.fiu.edu}}
• May 15 – Anna of Lorraine (b. 1522){{cite book |title=Histoire de Lorraine |date=1757 |publisher=Chez A. Leseure |page=cxcix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovH5kySXgfsC&dq=Anne+de+Lorraine+%2215+mai+1568%22&pg=PR199 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=fr}}
• May 23 – Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (b. 1528){{cite book |last1=Aa |first1=A. J. van der |title=Geschied- en Aadrijkskundige Beschrijving van het Koningrijk der Nederlanden en het Groothertogdom. Luxemburg |date=1841 |publisher=J. Noorduyn and Son |page=308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XBWC1Ok_T0gC&dq=Jan+van+Ligne+%2223+mei+1568%22&pg=PA308 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}
• June 3 – Andrés de Urdaneta, Spanish explorer (b. 1508){{cite book |last1=Duro |first1=Cesáreo Fernández |title=Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de León |date=1896 |publisher=Sucesores de Rivadeneyra |page=249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=betMAAAAMAAJ&dq=Andr%C3%A9s+de+Urdaneta+%223+de+junio+de+1568%22&pg=PA249 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=es}}
• June 5
• Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish statesman (b. 1522){{cite book |last1=Fagel |first1=Raymond |title=Protagonists of War: Spanish Army Commanders and the Revolt in the Low Countries |date=1 October 2021 |publisher=Leuven University Press |isbn=978-94-6270-287-5 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyZAEAAAQBAJ&dq=Lamoral,+Count+of+Egmont+%225+june+1568%22&pg=PA52 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn (b. c. 1524){{cite web |title=Horn |url=https://dutchrevolt.leiden.edu/dutch/personen/H/Pages/horn.aspx |website=dutchrevolt.leiden.edu |access-date=11 December 2023}}
• June 11 – Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Wolfenbüttel 1514–1568 (b. 1489){{cite book |title=Kleines Conversations-Lexikon |date=1855 |publisher=Herder |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HA5CAAAAcAAJ&dq=Heinrich+II+%2211+juni+1568%22&pg=PA264 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=de}}
• July 1 – Levinus Lemnius, Dutch writer (b. 1505){{cite book |last1=Nagtglas |first1=F. |title=Levinus Lemnius en Zierikzee in de eerste helft der zestiende eeuw |date=1869 |publisher=Altorffer |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYlnAAAAcAAJ&dq=Levinus+Lemnius+%221+juli+1568%22&pg=PA15 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=nl}}
• July 6 – Johannes Oporinus, Swiss printer (b. 1507){{cite book |title=Geschichte der Wissenschaften in Deutschland: Neuere Zeit |date=1883 |publisher=R. Oldenbourg |page=158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6l5GAQAAMAAJ&dq=Johannes+Oporinus+%226+juli+1568%22&pg=PA158 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=de}}
• July 7 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508){{cite ODNB |title=Turner, William|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-27874|year=2004 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/27874}}
• July 24 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545){{cite book |last1=Sarmiento |first1=Francisco Javier Puerto |title=El Príncipe Don Carlos de Austria: Un hombre desesperado. Historia y Leyenda. |date=2022 |publisher=Editorial Sanz Y Torres S.l. |isbn=978-84-18316-64-7 |page=216 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9hhEAAAQBAJ&q=%2224%20de%20julio%20de%201568%22 |access-date=11 December 2023 |language=es}}
• August 15 – Stanislaus Kostka, Polish saint (b. 1550){{cite book |title=Podręczna encyklopedya kościelna |date=1913 |publisher=Skład głowny w Księgarni Gebethnera i S ka |page=75 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIRTAAAAYAAJ&dq=Stanislaus+Kostka+%2215+sierpnia+1568%22&pg=PA75 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=pl}}
• August 21 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495){{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571 |date=1984 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-162-0 |page=936 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrUNi2m_qZAC&dq=Jean+Parisot+de+Valette+%2221+august+1568%22&pg=PA936 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}
• August 23 – Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (b. 1495){{cite ODNB |title=Wharton, Thomas, first Baron Wharton|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-29172|year=2004 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/29172}}
• September 26 – Leonor de Cisneros, Spanish Protestant (b. 1536){{cite book |last1=Acuña |first1=Manuela Josefa Reynoso |title=Algunos aspectos de la reforma cristiana en España, en el siglo XVI. |date=1963 |publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aftWAAAAMAAJ&q=Leonor+de+Cisneros+%2226+de+septiembre+de+1568%22 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=es}}
• September – Anna Pehrsönernas moder, influential Swedish courtier (b. year unknown)
• September 22 – Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (b. c. 1530) (executed){{cite web |title=Jöran Persson - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon |url=https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=12296 |website=sok.riksarkivet.se |access-date=12 December 2023}}
• October 3 – Elisabeth of Valois, Queen of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545){{cite book|author1=St James Press|author2=Anthony Levi|author3=Retired Professor of French Anthony Levi|title=Guide to French Literature: Beginnings to 1789|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqkRAQAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=St. James Press|isbn=978-1-55862-159-6|page=372|language=en}}
• October 14 – Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer (b. 1504){{cite book |last1=Unger |first1=Melvin P. |title=Historical Dictionary of Choral Music |date=14 August 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-2434-5 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HGjQEAAAQBAJ&dq=Jacques+Arcadelt+%2214+october+1568%22&pg=PA18 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}
• October 19 – Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis, German theologian (b. 1517){{cite book |last1=Freytag |first1=Hermann |title=Die Preussen auf der Universität Wittenberg und die nichtpreussischen Schüler Wittenbergs in Preussen von 1502 bis 1602 |date=1903 |publisher=Duncker & Humblot |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6E-frfBCGr4C&dq=Joannes+Aurifaber+%2219+oktober+1568%22&pg=PA93-IA8 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}
• October 28 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (b. 1538)
• November 6 – Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg, duchess consort of Pomerania (b. 1502){{cite book |title=Braunschweigisches Magazin |date=1899 |publisher=J. Zwissler. |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RXsKAAAAIAAJ&dq=Anna+von+Braunschweig+%226+november+1568%22&pg=RA3-PA70 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}
• November 9 – John Radcliffe, English politician (b. 1539){{cite web |title=RADCLIFFE, Sir John (1539-68), of Old Cleeve, Som. {{!}} History of Parliament Online |url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1558-1603/member/radcliffe-sir-john-1539-68 |website=www.historyofparliamentonline.org |access-date=12 December 2023}}
• December 23 – Roger Ascham, tutor of Elizabeth I of England (b. 1515){{cite book |last1=Nicholas |first1=Lucy R. |last2=Law |first2=Ceri |title=Roger Ascham and His Sixteenth-Century World |date=23 November 2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38228-2 |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2ULEAAAQBAJ&q=%2230%20december%201568%22 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}
• December 24 – Henry V, Burgrave of Plauen (b. 1533){{cite book |title=Mitteilungen des Altertumsvereins zu Plauen: Jahresschrift |date=1885 |publisher=Neupert |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uxmNa8kAcqsC&dq=Heinrich+V+%2224+dezember+1568%22&pg=PA55 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}
• December 28 – Christoph, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1515){{cite book |last1=Vochezer |first1=Joseph |title=Geschichte des fürstlichen Hauses Waldburg in Schwaben |date=1907 |publisher=Kösel |page=462 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dt4SAAAAYAAJ&dq=Christoph+von+W%C3%BCrttemberg+%2228+dezember+1568%22&pg=PA462 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=de}}
• December 31 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
• date unknown
• Garcia de Orta, Portuguese Jewish physician (b. 1501){{cite book |title=Medicine and the Inquisition in the Early Modern World |date=1 July 2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-38646-4 |page=102 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kS2hDwAAQBAJ&dq=Garcia+de+Orta+%221568%22&pg=PA102 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Dirk Philips, early Dutch Anabaptist writer and theologian (b. 1504){{cite book |last1=Krahn |first1=Cornelius |title=Dutch Anabaptism: Origin, Spread, Life and Thought (1450–1600) |date=6 December 2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-015-0609-0 |page=230 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SnboCAAAQBAJ&dq=Dirk+Philips+%221568%22&pg=PA230 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}
• Yan Song, Chinese prime minister (b. 1481)
• Amato Lusitano, Portuguese physician (b. 1511){{cite book |title=Bibliography of the History of Medicine |date=1964 |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y2o9ESMNTj4C&dq=Amatus+Lusitanus+%221568%22&pg=PA12 |access-date=12 December 2023 |language=en}}

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1568}}