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155 mm caliber

{{Short description|Common type of artillery calibre}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}

The 155 mm calibre is widely used for artillery guns.

Land warfare

= Historic calibres =

== France - 1874 ==

File:De Bange 155 mm cannon in Moscow (2).JPGThe {{Convert|155|mm|abbr=on}} caliber originated in France after the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871).

A French artillery committee met on 2 February 1874 to discuss new models for French fortress and siege artillery, among which there was a weapon in the {{convert|140 to 160|mm|in|abbr=on}} calibre range.

After several meetings, on 16 April 1874 the committee settled on the {{Convert|155|mm|abbr=on}} calibre, and led to the De Bange 155 mm cannon.{{Cite news |date=2024-02-15 |title=Quels sont ces obus de 155 mm livrés par les Occidentaux à l’Ukraine et disponibles à prix d’or ? |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/politique/defense/155-mm-un-calibre-quasi-mythique-disponible-a-prix-dor-a22dc980-ca62-11ee-a3b1-a38454b34a5c |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240611110313/https://www.ouest-france.fr/politique/defense/155-mm-un-calibre-quasi-mythique-disponible-a-prix-dor-a22dc980-ca62-11ee-a3b1-a38454b34a5c |archive-date=2024-06-11 |access-date=2025-05-31 |work=Ouest-France.fr |language=fr-FR}}

= NATO standard =

File:M107 M795 M483A1.jpg, M795, M483A1 155 mm projectiles|220x220px]]Among the existing and the former 155 mm artillery shells, there is one that has been standardised by NATO under both the AOP-29 part 1 (in reference to STANAG 4425), and under the {{ill|NATO Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding|lt=JBMoU|de|Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding}} (Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding).{{Cite web |title=AOP 29-1 : 2012 NATO INDIRECT FIRE AMMUNITION INTERCHANGEABILITY - PA |url=https://www.intertekinform.com/en-gb/standards/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.intertekinform.com |language=en-GB}} This standard defines a standard 155mm projectile with a 23 litre combustion chamber volume.{{Cite web |last=Cazalet |first=Mark |date=2022-09-23 |title=Thunderstruck! – Hanwha Unveils K9A2 SPH Prototype |url=https://euro-sd.com/2022/09/articles/27423/thunderstruck-hanwha-unveils-k9a2-sph-prototype/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |language=en-US}}

NATO is now pushing from standardised artillery shell to sharable ammunition. The standard described above enables the use of NATO shells in all NATO guns. But they still need to be qualified on each gun to control the performances (ballistic characteristics) and safety.{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=NATO Review - Turning standard ammunition into sharable ammunition |url=https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2023/11/10/turning-standard-ammunition-into-sharable-ammunition/index.html |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=NATO Review |language=en}}

== Retirement of other calibres ==

This has led to the obsolescence of larger caliber artillery shells such as the {{cvt|175|and|203|mm|in}}. Some militaries continue to retain the smaller 105 mm ({{convert|105|mm|in|disp=out}}) weapons for their light weight and greater portability. Russia and former Eastern Bloc countries tend to use {{cvt|122|,|130|, and|152|mm|in}} artillery in similar roles.

Naval warfare

Since the end of World War II, the {{Convert|155|mm|abbr=on}} caliber has not found any use among naval forces despite its ubiquity on land with most NATO and aligned navies using {{cvt|76|mm}}, {{cvt|100|mm}}, {{cvt|114|mm}}, or {{cvt|127|mm}} guns on modern warships. At one point the British Ministry of Defence studied "up-gunning" the Royal Navy's 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval guns to give increased firepower and a common caliber between the Royal Navy and the British Army. Despite superficially appearing to be inferior based on a simple comparison of round diameters, when firing conventional ammunition the smaller, 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun is comparable to the standard 155 mm (6.1 in) gun-howitzer of the British Army. The standard shell from a 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun has the same, if not better, range. Only by using rocket-assisted projectiles (RAPs) can most 155 mm (6.1 in) guns have comparable range to the 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun and by doing so there is a reduction in the payload. This is because naval guns can be built much more strongly than land-based self-propelled gun-howitzers, and have much longer barrels in relation to caliber (for example the 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun has a barrel length of 55 calibers, while the standard AS-90 self-propelled gun has a barrel length of 39 calibers). This allows naval guns to fire heavier shells in comparison to shell diameter and to use larger propellant charges in relation to shell weight, leading to greater projectile velocities. Even without active cooling, the heavier naval gun barrels allow a faster sustained rate of fire than field guns, and this is exploited with an autoloading system with a capacity of several hundred rounds. The 155 mm (6.1 in) is better than the 4.5 inch Mark 8 naval gun for firing cannon-launched guided projectiles (CLGP) as the lower velocity of the 155 mm (6.1 in) shell makes it much easier for the projectiles' internal electronic guidance systems to survive being fired.

While the US Navy's Advanced Gun System (AGS) also uses a 155 mm (6.1 in) caliber, it is not compatible with NATO-standard 155 mm (6.1 in) ammunition. Only one type of ammunition was ever developed and procurement was discontinued in 2016 due to its high cost, making the AGS unusable.{{cite web|url=https://news.usni.org/2018/01/11/no-new-round-planned-zumwalt-destroyer-gun-system-navy-monitoring-industry|title=No New Round Planned For Zumwalt Destroyer Gun System; Navy Monitoring Industry|last= LaGrone|first= Sam|date=11 January 2018|website= USNI News|publisher= U.S. Naval Institute|access-date= 2018-03-02}}

155 mm guns

{{Incomplete list|date=April 2019}}

{{missing information|section|which of the guns are not NATO-compatible|date=November 2021}}

=Current=

==NATO and allies==

==Other countries==

Compatible with NATO projectiles:

Unknown compatibility:

=Historic=

=Experimental or prototype-only=

  • {{flag|United States}}
  • XM1203 (five prototypes built)
  • XM2001 (one prototype built). Both never entered service
  • M1299 (20 prototypes built)
  • {{flag|Poland}}
  • AHS Kryl – one prototype built, never entered service

155 mm naval guns

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2014}}

=NATO compatible=

=Not NATO compatible=

155 mm shells

{{Incomplete list|date=December 2014}}

class="wikitable sortable"
scope="col" | Country of origin

! scope="col" | Name

! scope="col" | Service

! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes

{{flag|China}}

| WS-35

| 2012–current

| A family of guided artillery projectiles developed for the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The WS-35B has a base bleed unit, the PLA claim the range to be {{cvt|30|,|40|and|50|km|mi}} from 39-, 45- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers. The WS-35R is a rocket-assisted projectile, the PLA claim the range to be {{cvt|35|,|45|and|60|km|mi}} from 39-, 45- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_A971-JAH_ |title=155 mm WS-35 guided artillery projectile |date=26 October 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 November 2023}}.

{{flag|France}}

| OE 155 56/69

| 1959–1990s

| A high explosive projectile developed for the Mk F3 155 mm and used various French howitzers until replaced by the OE 155 F1 HE.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/jah_0490-jah_ |title=155 mm Type 56/69-OE 155 56/69 HE projectile |date=29 October 2018 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 February 2024}}.

{{flag|France}}

| OE 155 F1 HE

| 1990–current

| A high-explosive fragmentation projectile. Maximum range is {{cvt|24|km|mi}} from the 40-caliber barrel of the TRF1 howitzer, or {{cvt|30.4|km|mi}} when fitted with a base bleed unit.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_0491-JAH_ |title=155 mm OE 155 F1 HE projectile |date=25 September 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 January 2024}}.

{{flag|Germany}}

| {{Ill|DM121 (Rh30)|de|DM121 (Artilleriegeschoss)}}
and
DM131 (Rh40)

| 2002–current

| The DM121 (also known as the Rh30) is an explosive projectiles developed for the PzH 2000 but compatible with any 155 mm NATO howitzer, the DM131 (also known as the Rh40) is similar but features a base bleed unit. Maximum range of the DM121 is {{cvt|24.7|and|30.1|km|mi}} respectively from 39- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers. Maximum range of the DM131 is {{cvt|30|and|40|km|mi}} respectively from 39- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_5283-JAH_ |title=155 mm DM121/Rh30 and DM131/Rh40 Rheinmetall HE projectiles |date=5 December 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 February 2024}}.

{{flag|Germany}}

| SMArt 155

| 2000–current

| A carrier shell with two anti-armour and anti-artillery submunitions. Maximum range of {{cvt|22.5|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre howitzer and {{cvt|27.5|km|mi}} from a 52-calibre howitzer.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0487-JAH_ |title= 155 mm DM 702 SMArt 155 ammunition system |date=19 July 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 December 2022}}.

{{flag|Germany}}

|DM662 DPICM with M85 or DM1385 bomblet

|In service (Finland)

|DM662 is a 155mm artillery shell based cluster munition projectile, which contains 49 bomblets. This was produced by Rheinmetall with DM1385 High Explosive Dual Purpose (Anti armour and Anti personnel) bomblets and also was produced by Norway with license, however this utilized Israeli M85 HEDP bomblet.

Norwegian tests indicate 1,11% failure rate of the explosive while Finnish tests (DM1385) indicate 0,2%, currently this munition is only stored by Finland for wartime use. {{Cite web |date=2007-03-09 |title=Suomessa käytettävä rypäleammus todettu vaaralliseksi Norjassa |url=https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000000117354.html |access-date=2025-03-19 |website=Ilta-Sanomat |language=fi}}

{{flag|Israel}}

| M395 DPICM, M396 and M397 ER DPICM

| 2007–current

| A series of dual-purpose improved conventional munition (DPICM) carrier shells which carry M85 dual-purpose (anti-personnel and anti-armour) bomblets. The M395 projectile carries 63 bomblets to a maximum range of {{cvt|22.4|km|mi}}; the extended range M396 and M397 projectiles both carry only 49 bomblets and have a base bleed unit to a maximum range of {{cvt|28.7|and|30|km|mi}} respectively.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_0486-JAH_ |title=155 mm M395, M396 and M397 DP-ICM projectiles |date=26 June 2020 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=27 February 2023}}.

{{flag|Israel}}

| M401 and M401-A1 HE-ER

| In service

| High-Explosive Extended Range (HE-ER) projectiles fitted with base bleed units. Maximum range is {{cvt|30|,|36|and|40|km|mi}} respectively from 39-, 45- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_B036-JAH_ |title=155 mm M401 and M401-A1 HE-ER projectiles |date=27 September 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 January 2024}}.

{{flag|Israel}}

| M454 (IMI) HE Frag

| 2005–current

| A High-Explosive Fragmentation (HE-Frag) projectile with airburst capability for use against dismounted infantry as well as soft-skinned and light armoured vehicles. Maximum range is {{cvt|22|,|26|and|28|km|mi}} respectively from 39-, 45- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_B035-JAH_ |title=155 mm M454 (IMI) HE Frag projectile |date=30 October 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 November 2023}}.

{{flag|Norway}}

| Nammo ER projectiles

| 2018–current

| A family of extended range (ER) projectiles development by Nammo, including the high explosive, illuminating and smoke projectiles. The projectiles are machined inside and out to achieve a streamlined shape and consistency of weight distribution, increasing range and accuracy. With a hollow-base maximum range is {{cvt|22|and|32|km|mi}} respectively from 39- and 52-calibre barrelled howitzers, when fitted with a base bleed unit this increases to {{cvt|30|and|41|km|mi}} respectively.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_A868-JAH_ |title=155 mm Nammo extended-range projectiles |date=8 January 2024 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 January 2024}}.

{{flag|Norway}}

| Vulcano HE

| 2017–current

| A family of long-range subcalibre High-Explosive projectiles. It comprises the BER (ballistic extended range) unguided multirole projectile with a multifunction programmable fuze, and the GLR (guided long range) projectile with GPS-aided IMU guidance, canard control and optional semi-active laser terminal seeker. Maximum range of the BER is {{cvt|50|and|70|km|mi}} when fired from 39 or 52-calibre howitzers. Maximum range of the GLE is {{cvt|57|and|80|km|mi}} from 39 or 52-calibre howitzers.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_A869-JAH_ |title=155 mm Vulcano HE projectile |date=27 October 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 November 2023}}.

{{flag|Poland}}

| APR 155

| Development

| A laser-guided high-explosive incendiary projectile with a maximum range of {{cvt|20|km|mi}} designed to be used with AHS Kryl and AHS Krab 155 mm self-propelled howitzers. Is based on Ukrainian 152 mm Kvitnyk projectile.

{{flag|Russia}}

| Krasnopol

| 1987-current

| A series of laser-guided projectiles primarily produced in the Eastern Bloc standard {{cvt|152|mm|in|0}} caliber, they are also produced in 155 mm caliber for the export market. First fielded by the Soviet Army in 1987, they are regarded as the Eastern Bloc equivalent of the US M712 Copperhead. The 152 mm versions have a maximum range of {{cvt|20|km|mi}} from the D-20 gun-howitzer and {{cvt|22|km|mi}} from the longer-barrelled 2A65 Msta-B. They are licence produced in China by Norinco.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_0446-JAH_ |title=152 mm Krasnopol CLGP round |date=29 November 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 February 2023}}.

{{flag|South Africa}}

| M1 ERFB

| 1970s-current

| Extended Range Full Bore (ERFB) projectiles developed from the work of Gerald Bull and his Space Research Corporation. They are produced in two versions, standard boat-tail (ERFB-BT) and base bleed (ERFB-BB). Maximum range from a 45-calibre barrelled howitzer in {{cvt|30.9|and|39.1|km|mi}} respectively for the boat-tail and base bleed projectiles.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_0470-JAH_ |title=155 mm ERFB-BT and ERFB-BB HE projectiles |date=3 January 2024 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 February 2024}}.

{{flag|South Africa}}

| M9 ERFB

| 2000-current

| An improved version of the M1 ERFB projectiles, they designed to be fired from 52-caibre barrelled versions of the G5 and G6 howitzers. Maximum range is {{cvt|40|and|50|km|mi}} respectively for the boat-tail and base bleed projectiles.

{{flag|South Africa}}

| M2005 Assegai

| 2017-current{{Cite web |last=defenceWeb |date=2017-03-10 |title=RDM qualifies extended range ammunition |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/rdm-qualifies-extended-range-ammunition/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=defenceWeb |language=en-ZA}}

| Velocity-enhanced Long-range Artillery Projectile (V-LAP) HE projectile incorporating both base bleed and rocket-assistance for increased ranges. Maximum range of {{cvt|45|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre barrel and {{cvt|60|km|mi}} from a 52-calibre barrel, it is expected to achieve a maximum range of {{cvt|70|km|mi}} from the latter.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_5160-JAH_ |title=155 mm M2005 Assegai extended range HE V-LAP projectile |date=26 August 2021 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

{{flag|South Korea}}

| K305 DPICM

| 1980s-current

| A dual-purpose improved conventional munition with a maximum range of {{cvt|17.4|km|mi}} when fired from the KH179.{{cite web|url=https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO199841548136557.pdf|title=21세기를 대비한 우리의 지상무기체계-지능포탄|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=1 October 1998|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423223223/https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO199841548136557.pdf|archivedate=23 April 2023|accessdate=23 April 2023|author=Jeong, Myeong-Ji}}

{{flag|South Korea}}

| K307 BB HE

| 1999-current

| Base bleed high explosive projectile developed to be fired from South Korean 155 mm howitzers. Maximum range of {{cvt|41|km|mi}} when fired from the K9 Thunder.{{cite web|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/adex-2023-south-korea-develops-new-extended-range-shell-for-k9-howitzer|title=ADEX 2023: South Korea develops new extended-range shell for K9 howitzer|publisher=Janes Information Services|date=19 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029031746/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/adex-2023-south-korea-develops-new-extended-range-shell-for-k9-howitzer|archivedate=29 October 2023|accessdate=29 October 2023|author=Akhil Kadidal}}

{{flag|South Korea}}

| K310 BB DPICM

| 2001-current

| A base bleed dual-purpose improved conventional munition with a maximum range of {{cvt|36|km|mi}} when fired from the K9 Thunder.{{cite web|url=https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200141548538159.pdf|title=155밀리 항력감소 이중목적 고폭탄 개발 의의 및 성과|publisher=ROK Army Artillery School|date=1 June 2001|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423093419/https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO200141548538159.pdf|archivedate=23 April 2023|accessdate=23 April 2023|author=Jo, Dong-Seong}}

{{flag|South Korea}}

| K315 HE-RAP

| 2020-current

| Rocket-assisted projectile with a maximum range of {{cvt|54|km|mi}} when fired from the K9 Thunder.{{cite web|url=https://www.bizhankook.com/bk/article/21026|title=[김대영의 밀덕] [단독] '최대 54km 타격' K9 자주포 155mm 사거리 연장탄 개발 완료|publisher=Bizhankook|date=26 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105101236/https://www.bizhankook.com/bk/article/21026|archivedate=5 November 2023|accessdate=5 November 2023|author=Kim Dae-young}}

{{flag|South Korea}}

| K315 ERM

|

| A K315 extended range munition (ERM) developed with a smaller TNT charge and a stronger solid fuel propellant with a maximum range of {{cvt|60|km|mi}}.

{{flag|Spain}}

| ER02A1

| 1999-current

| A projectile that can be equipped either with a tapering boat-tail or a base bleed unit; it comes in high-explosive, smoke generating and illuminating versions. Maximum range from a 39-calibre howitzer is {{cvt|24|km|mi}} boat-tail or {{cvt|30|km|mi}} base bleed; from a 52-calibre barrel is {{cvt|30|km|mi}} boat-tail or {{cvt|39|km|mi}} base bleed.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_B044-JAH_ |title=155 mm ER02A1 extended range projectiles |date=26 April 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=27 February 2023}}.

{{flag|Sweden}} / {{flag|France}}

| 155 BONUS

| 2000-current

| A sensor fused submunition-carrying anti-tank projectile that consists of a carrier shell and two anti-armour submunitions. Maximum range is {{cvt|27|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre howitzer and {{cvt|35|km|mi}} from a 52-calibre gun.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0501-JAH_ |title=155 mm BONUS sensor-fuzed munition |date=2 February 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

{{flag|Turkey}}

| MOD 274 HE ER

| 2018-current

| A high-explosive extended range base bleed projectile developed for use with the Panter and the T-155 Fırtına 52-calibre howitzers, maximum range of {{cvt|39|km|mi}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.mkeusa.com/en-US/catalogue/medium-and-large-calibers/155-mm-mke-mod-274-heer/64/2171|title=155 mm MKE MOD 274 HEER|publisher=Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation|date=2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926041158/https://www.mkeusa.com/en-US/catalogue/medium-and-large-calibers/155-mm-mke-mod-274-heer/64/2171|archivedate=26 September 2022|accessdate=30 July 2024|author1=}}

{{flag|United Kingdom}}

| BAE Systems ER HE

| Development

| An extended-range high-explosive (ER HE) projectile being developed to replace the L15 HE projectile. The projectile features a streamlined shape and a screw-on base bleed unit to increase range. Utilising the Silver Bullet Precision Guidance Kit it has a CEP of less than 20 m. Maximum range is stated as {{cvt|30|and|40|km|mi}} from 39 and 52-calibre howitzers respectively.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/display/JAH_B056-JAH_ |title=155 mm BAE Systems ER HE projectile |date=30 October 2023 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 November 2023}}.

{{flag|United Kingdom}}

| L15

| 1986-current

| General purpose HE projectile used by the United Kingdom. Maximum range of {{cvt|24.9|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre barrel and {{cvt|30|km|mi}} from a 52-calibre barrel.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0480-JAH__ |title=155 mm L15 series HE shells |date=26 September 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 December 2022}}.

{{flag|United States}}

| HVP

| Development

| The Hypervelocity Projectile (HVP) is an experimental hypervelocity projectile with ranges as great as {{cvt|94|km|mi}}.

{{flag|United States}}

| LRLAP

| 2010-2016 (limited)

| The Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP) was an INS and GPS guided, rocket-assisted naval projectile with extended glide capability that was developed for use from the Advanced Gun System. Maximum range of {{cvt|117|km|mi}}. Developed from 2000 and tested in the 2010s it was cancelled in 2016 due to excessive cost of projectiles.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_A954-JAH_ |title= 155 mm Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP) |date=31 August 2020 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 December 2022}}.

{{flag|United States}}

| M102

| 1910s-1940s

| HE projectile. Americanised version of the French Schneider 155 mm HE projectile for the Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider.

{{flag|United States}}

| M107

| 1940s-current

| Standard HE projectile developed from the M102 for use in the 155 mm Howitzer M1. The projectile is one of the most widely used of all Western artillery projectiles and is fired from a variety of 155 mm towed and self-propelled howitzers. Largely replaced in US service by the M795.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0451-JAH_ |title= 155 mm M107 HE projectile |date=29 July 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 December 2022}}.

{{flag|United States}}

| M483A1 DPICM

| 1975-current

| M483A1 Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munitions (DPICM) projectile is a dual-purpose anti-armour/anti-personnel projectile that consists of a carrier shell and 88 individual grenade submunitions. Introduced in 1975, it is used by a number of nations. From 2009 the US have been decommissioning their stockpile of rounds, reusing the bodies to make smoke, illumination and training projectiles.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0455-JAH_ |title= 155 mm M483A1 HE DPICM projectile |date=2 August 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| M549 HERA

| 1970-current

| The M549 and M549A1 high-explosive rocket assisted (HERA) shells are rocket-assisted projectiles designed to provide extended range over conventional shells. Maximum range of {{cvt|30.1|km|mi}} from a NATO-standard 39-calibre howitzer. The M549A1 is one of two projectiles for which the M1156 PGK fuze has been developed.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0453-JAH_ |title=155 mm M549 and M549A1 HERA projectiles |date=2 August 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| M687

| 1987-1990

| A binary sarin chemical weapons projectile. Service ended after the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord.

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| M692/M731 ADAM

|

| The M692 and M731 Area Denial Artillery Munition (ADAM) are anti-personnel mine scattering projectiles. They share the carrier shell of the M483A1 DPICM and instead carry 36 anti-personnel mines. They are no longer produced or in service although it is assessed the US maintains stockpiles.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0458-JAH_ |title=155 mm M692 and M731 ADAM and M718 and M741 RAAMS rounds |date=22 June 2020 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| M712 Copperhead

| 1983-2010s

| A laser-guided HEAT projectile. Developed in the 1970s and early 1980s, it saw service with the United States and several allies from the mid-1980s. Production ceased in 1990 and as of 2015 only residual stocks remain. Maximum range was {{cvt|16|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre howitzer.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/jah_0459-jah_ |title=155 mm M712 Copperhead HEAT CLGP projectile |date=11 November 2016 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| M718/M741 RAAMS

|

| The M718 and M741 Remote Anti-Armor Mine System (RAAMS) are anti-tank mine scattering projectiles. They share the carrier shell of the M483A1 DPICM and instead carry 9 anti-tank mines. They are no longer produced or in service although it is assessed the US maintains stockpiles.

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| M795

| 1998-current

| General purpose HE projectile developed with the intention of supplementing and eventually replacing the M107 in the US war stocks. Maximum range {{cvt|24|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre howitzer. The M795 is one of two projectiles for which the M1156 PGK fuze has been developed.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0452-JAH_ |title=155 mm M795 HE projectile |date=13 July 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| M864 DPICM

| 1987-current

| A Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM) submunition-carrying projectile, it is regarded as a development of the M483A1 DPICM incorporating base bleed technology for increased range. It consists of a carrier shell and 72 individual grenade submunitions. Maximum range is {{cvt|29.4|km|mi}}.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0456-JAH_ |title=155 mm M864 and M864A1 DPICM projectile |date=19 July 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| M982 Excalibur

| 2014-current

| An extended-range autonomously guided projectile using a combination of a high glide ratio lifting body airframe and GPS/IMU guidance. Maximum range is claimed to be {{cvt|45|km|mi}} from a 39-calibre howitzer and {{cvt|50.6|km|mi}} from a 52-calibre Archer.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_0457-JAH_ |title=155 mm M982 and M982A1 Excalibur projectile |date=20 September 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| W48

| 1963-1992

| A tactical nuclear artillery projectile in service from 1963 to 1992.

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| XM1113 HE RAP

| Development

| Rocket-assisted projectile being developed to replace the M549A1 HERA. Maximum range of {{cvt|40|km|mi}} when fired from a NATO-standard 39-calibre howitzer.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_A958-JAH_ |title=155 mm XM1113 HE RAP |date=20 July 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}. Northrop Grumman have announced plans to develop an extended range upgrade for the M1156 PGK fuze which will be compatible with this projectile.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/BSP_41371-IDR |title=Northrop Grumman unveils PGK-ER development |date=28 September 2022 |website=Janes International Defence Review |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}.

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| XM1128 ER HE

| Development

| Extended range base bleed projectile being developed to replace the M795. Maximum range of {{cvt|30|km|mi}} when fired from a NATO-standard 39-calibre howitzer.{{Citation |author=Janes |url=https://customer.janes.com/Janes/Display/JAH_B048-JAH_ |title=155 mm XM1128 ER HE projectile |date=22 July 2022 |website=Janes Weapons: Ammunition |publisher=Jane's Group UK Limited. |publication-place=Coulsdon, Surrey |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 December 2022}}. Northrop Grumman have announced plans to develop an extended range upgrade for the M1156 PGK fuze which will be compatible with this projectile.

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| XM1155-SC

| Development

| Extended range projectile under development by BAE Systems for the US Army, designed to engage fixed and moving targets at long range.{{Cite web |title=XM1155-SC {{!}} BAE Systems |url=https://www.baesystems.com/en/product/xm1155-sc |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.baesystems.com}}

Twenty-first century production and usage rates

{{Update section|date=March 2025}}

{{As of|2023|02}}–March 2023, Ukraine was firing up to 10,000 artillery shells per day,{{Cite news |last=Siebold |first=Sabine |last2=Irish |first2=John |date=2023-02-13 |title=NATO expected to raise munitions stockpile targets as war depletes reserves |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/nato-expected-raise-munitions-stockpile-targets-war-depletes-reserves-2023-02-13/ |access-date=2023-10-27}} with the average monthly rate of 90,000–110,000 of 155 mm shells.{{Cite web |title=ВСУ используют более 90 тысяч патронов калибра 155 мм в месяц – The Wall Street Journal |url=https://zn.ua/war/vsu-ispolzujut-bolee-90-tysjach-patronov-kalibra-155-mm-v-mesjats-the-wall-street-journal.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Зеркало недели {{!}} Дзеркало тижня {{!}} Mirror Weekly}} In March 2023, the Ukrainian defense minister asked allies for 250,000 of such shells per month.{{Cite web |title=Украина просит у союзников 250 тысяч артснарядов в месяц – FT |url=https://zn.ua/war/ukraina-prosit-u-sojuznikov-250-tysjach-artsnarjadov-v-mesjats-ft.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Зеркало недели {{!}} Дзеркало тижня {{!}} Mirror Weekly}}

Before the start of the large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022), the US produced 14,400 shells per month. {{As of|2023|03}}, the rate has increased to 20,000 per month. The US declared its plans to increase the production to 90,000 per month, to reach 1,000,000 shells per year in 2025.{{Cite web |title=US significantly increases production of 155-mm shells to provide to Ukraine – WP |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/08/20/7416364/ |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Ukrainska Pravda |language=en}}

Germany's Rheinmetall was producing 60,000–70,000 per year in 2022. Rheinmetall said it was ready to boost production to 500,000 per year.

Ukraine has a domestic production of shells. As of December 2022, the production rate was "in the thousands".{{Cite web |title=В Украине налажено промышленное производство 152 мм и 155 мм снарядов – Данилов |url=https://ru.interfax.com.ua/news/general/878152.html |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=Интерфакс-Украина |language=ru}}

In summer 2023, the EU approved a plan that provides for the production of 650,000 large-calibre ammunition per year, and pledged to supply one million artillery shells to Ukraine over the next 12 months.

References

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External links

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Category:155 mm artillery

Category:Artillery ammunition