Agency for Defense Development

{{Short description|South Korean military R&D agency}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}

{{Infobox government agency

| agency_name = Agency for Defense Development

| nativename_a = 국방과학연구소

| nativename_r = Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso

| seal =

| logo = ADD Logo.svg

| image =

| image_caption = Headquarters in Yuseong District, Daejeon

| formed = {{Start date and age|1970|08|06|df=y}}

| preceding1 = Ministry of National Defense Scientific Research Institute (July 1954–July 1961){{cite web|url=http://archive.history.go.kr/catalog/view.do?arrangement_cd=ARRANGEMENT-0-C&arrangement_subcode=ARRANGEMENT_CONTENTS-0-OH&provenanace_ids=&displaySort=&displaySize=50¤tNumber=1&system_id=000000959791&catalog_level=&catalog_position=-1&search_position=221&lowYn=|script-title=ko:이승만 정권 시기 과학정책과 국방부 과학연구소 중견관리의 행정경험|publisher=The Archives of Korean History|date=11 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616084807/http://archive.history.go.kr/catalog/view.do?arrangement_cd=ARRANGEMENT-0-C&arrangement_subcode=ARRANGEMENT_CONTENTS-0-OH&provenanace_ids=&displaySort=&displaySize=50¤tNumber=1&system_id=000000959791&catalog_level=&catalog_position=-1&search_position=221&lowYn=|archivedate=16 June 2022|accessdate=16 June 2022|author=}}{{cite journal|url=https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART002027240|title=Understanding Compressed Growth of Science and Technology in South Korea: Focusing on Public Research Institutes|publisher=The Korean History of Science Society|date=2015|archiveurl=|issn=1229-7895|volume=37|number=2|pages=431–453|archivedate=|accessdate=|author=Moon Man-yong|journal=The Korean Journal for the History of Science }}

| jurisdiction = Government of South Korea

| headquarters = 160, Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Yuseong District, Daejeon, South Korea

| coordinates = {{Coord|36.4184077|127.3225271|display=inline,title}}

| employees = 3,432 (2023){{cite web|url=https://www.alio.go.kr/item/itemReportTerm.do?apbaId=C0345&reportFormRootNo=2020|title=3. 임직원 수|publisher=Ministry of Economy and Finance|date=2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924174042/https://www.alio.go.kr/item/itemReportTerm.do?apbaId=C0345&reportFormRootNo=2020|archivedate=24 September 2023|accessdate=24 September 2023|author=}}

| motto = "Defending our nation with the strength of our own science and technology!"{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02258&siteId=SITE00003|title=Mission & Vision|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526212148/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02258&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}

| budget = 1.485 trillion
US$1.188 billion (2022){{cite web|url=https://www.dapa.go.kr/dapa/na/ntt/selectNttInfo.do?bbsId=326&nttSn=39142&menuId=678|title=국방기술 연구개발 투자 1조 원 시대를 열다|publisher=Defense Acquisition Program Administration|date=6 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530044319/https://www.dapa.go.kr/dapa/na/ntt/selectNttInfo.do?bbsId=326&nttSn=39142&menuId=678|archivedate=30 May 2022|accessdate=30 May 2022|author=}}

| website = [https://www.add.re.kr/eps Official ADD website in English]
[https://www.add.re.kr/kps Official ADD website in Korean]

| parent_department = Defense Acquisition Program Administration

| chief1_name = Park Jong-seung

| chief1_position = Director

| chief2_name = Jung Jin-gyeong

| chief2_position = Deputy Director

}}

The Agency for Defense Development (ADD, {{Korean |hangul=국방과학연구소 |hanja=國防科學硏究所 |rr=Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso}}) is the South Korean government agency for research and development in defense technology, funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA). It was established in August 1970 under the banner of the self-reliant national defense promoted by President Park Chung Hee.{{Cite journal |last=Kwon |first=Peter |date=2023 |title=Defender of the Nation, Champion of Science: The Agency for Defense Development as a Nexus for the Technological Transformation of South Korea |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/journal-of-korean-studies/article-abstract/28/1/59/351727/Defender-of-the-Nation-Champion-of-Science-The |journal=The Journal of Korean Studies |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=59–90|doi=10.1215/07311613-10213182 |s2cid=258279383 |url-access=subscription }}

Its purpose is contributing to enforcing the national defence, to improving the national R&D capacity, and to fostering the domestic defense industry. ADD focuses on core weapons systems and core technology development, and studies major weapons platforms in high-risk and non-economical fields, unmanned and advanced, and new weapon systems for the future.

ADD is responsible for first South Korean ballistic missile Nike Hercules Korea-1 aka White/Polar Bear, developed in the 1970s with its first successful test in 1978.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XHU1G6WB4KkC&q=nhk-1+september+26+1978&pg=PA91|title = Containing Missile Proliferation: Strategic Technology, Security Regimes, and International Cooperation in Arms Control|isbn = 9780295985077|last1 = Mistry|first1 = Dinshaw|year = 2003| publisher=University of Washington Press }}

ADD is the operator of South Korea's first dedicated military satellite, ANASIS-II, launched on 20 July 2020 by a Falcon 9 rocket.[https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/kmilsatcom-1.htm Anasis 2 (KMilSatCom 1)]

History

File:President Park Chung-hee inspects prototypes developed in ADD at the Military Equipment Exhibition on 3 April 1972.jpg inspects prototypes developed in ADD at the Military Equipment Exhibition on 3 April 1972]]

{{Infobox Korean name

|hangul=국방과학연구소

|hanja=國防科學硏究所

|rr=Gukbang Gwahak Yeonguso

|mr=Kukpang Kwahak Yŏn'guso

|}}

After the three-year Korean War, which ended in an armistice rather than an end-of-war agreement, South Korea and North Korea were in conflict during the Cold War. Since the Mutual Defense Treaty signed in October 1953, South Korea has been making efforts to rebuild its economy while receiving military aid from the United States.{{cite web|url=https://www.much.go.kr/L/Z6oA5C4Axy.do|title=1970년대 방위산업 육성 : 자주국방의 토대 구축|publisher=National Museum of Korean Contemporary History|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729094452/https://www.much.go.kr/L/Z6oA5C4Axy.do|archivedate=29 July 2023|accessdate=29 July 2023|author=}} Despite military aid from the U.S. and abroad, in July 1954, Rhee Syng-man, then the first president of the South Korean government, established the Ministry of National Defense Scientific Research Institute to foster independent defense production capabilities, and the South Korean government's attempt to produce its own military supplies has contributed to the localization of military supplies such as military food, combat uniforms, and defense components that relied solely on foreign aid.

After the Nixon Doctrine announced on July 25, 1969, about 20,000 U.S. troops in South Korea withdrew, creating an atmosphere of reconciliation between the United States and the Eastern Bloc. President Park Chung-hee, who has been in power since December 1963, believed that the withdrawal of Nixon Doctrine and U.S. troops from South Korea would weaken the military power of South Korea, which relied on the U.S., and North Korea's military provocations against the South, which began in the late 1960s, surged further, and the South Korean government began to feel the need for self-reliant national defense, which did not rely on U.S. military aid. Later, in August 1970, the Agency for Defense Development was established, and in November of the following year, it started an independent defense development project called the Basic Weapon Emergency Prototype Development.{{cite web|url=https://dl.nanet.go.kr/file/fileDownload.do?linkSystemId=nhn&controlNo=KINX2010065365|title=The Development Process & Achievement of the Korean Defense Industry for Last 40 Years|publisher=Korea Institute for Defense Analyses|date=2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114144204/https://dl.nanet.go.kr/file/fileDownload.do?linkSystemId=nhn&controlNo=KINX2010065365|archivedate=14 November 2023|accessdate=14 November 2023|author=Choi Sungbin, Ko Byungsung and Lee Hoseok}}

However, in the 1970s, South Korea had poor basic industries and systems to develop and stably produce military equipment. In 1973, the South Korean government designated heavy and chemical industries such as steel, machinery, chemicals, and Petroleum as national strategic industries to foster basic industries. Later, in February 1974, the eight-year military construction defense plan ({{Korean|hangul=군사력 건설 국방 8개년 계획|labels=no}}), called Yulgok Project, began, which included plans to strengthen the South Korean military's power.{{cite web|url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0068462|title=중화학공업 (重化學工業)|publisher=Academy of Korean Studies|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729094741/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0068462|archivedate=29 July 2023|accessdate=29 July 2023|author=}}

Organization

=Audit department<ref name="ADD Organization">{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02031&siteId=null|title=조직도|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231026124200/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02031&siteId=null|archivedate=26 October 2023|accessdate=26 October 2023|author=}}</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture">{{cite web|url=https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0006334|script-title=ko:국방과학연구소 (國防科學硏究所)|publisher=[[Academy of Korean Studies]]|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026124214/https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0006334|archivedate=26 October 2023|accessdate=26 October 2023|website=[[Encyclopedia of Korean Culture]]}}</ref>=

  • Director
  • Defense industry technology support center

==Deputy director<ref name="ADD Organization" /><ref name="Encyclopedia of Korean Culture" />==

  • Policy Planning Department
  • Research Planning Department
  • Academy of Defense Science and Technology
  • Ground Technology Research Institute
  • Maritime Technology Research Institute
  • Aerospace Technology Research Institute
  • Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation
  • 1st Research and Development Institute
  • 2nd Research and Development Institute
  • 3rd Research and Development Institute
  • 4th Research and Development Institute
  • 5th Research and Development Institute
  • Institute of Defense Advanced Technology Research
  • Defense Rapid Acquisition Technology Research Institute
  • Research Support Headquarters
  • Safety and Security Center

Major research and development projects

Development programs for defense technology are categorized into basic research and development, key technology R&D, civil-military technology cooperation, and essential parts, software development and technology demonstration of new concepts. Almost all major development projects are collaborating with ADD and South Korean defense company, most of the key technologies are developed under the initiative of the ADD, and private defense companies are responsible for the development of the remaining sub-technology and the production of essential parts and finished products.{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02970&siteId=null|title=Defense Technology R&D|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20221130005321/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02970&siteId=null|archivedate=30 November 2022|accessdate=30 November 2022|author=}}

=Infantry weapon=

=Missile systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02806&siteId=SITE00003|title=Missile Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525183124/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02806&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=25 May 2022|accessdate=25 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

  • Hycore hypersonic cruise missile system
  • Poniard (Bigung) 2.75-inch in diameter guided rocket system
  • K136 Kooryong 36 extended multiple rocket launcher system
  • Biryong (Flying Dragon) short range ship-to-ship guided weapon system based on K136
  • K239 Chunmoo self-propelled multiple rocket launcher system
  • AT-1K Raybolt (Hyeongung) medium range infantry missile system
  • LAH-AGM (Taipers) air-to-ground guided missile system
  • K745A1 Red Shark (Hongsangeo) anti-submarine missile system
  • SSM-700K C-Star (Haeseong-I) subsonic anti-ship cruise missile system
  • SSM-710K (Haeseong-II) enhanced cruise missile system
  • SSM-750K (Haeseong-III) enhanced cruise missile system
  • Korean supersonic anti-ship cruise missile system{{cite web|url=https://www.mnd.go.kr/user/newsInUserRecord.action?command=view&newsId=I_669&siteId=mnd&page=1&id=mnd_020500000000&newsSeq=I_12616|title=ADD, SLBM 잠수함 최초 발사시험 성공|publisher=Ministry of National Defense|date=15 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915235258/https://www.mnd.go.kr/user/newsInUserRecord.action?command=view&newsId=I_669&siteId=mnd&page=1&id=mnd_020500000000&newsSeq=I_12616|archivedate=15 September 2021|accessdate=15 September 2021|author=}}{{cite web|url=https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220228087451504|script-title=ko:'안보불안' 우려했나…정부·군, L-SAM 등 무기영상 이례적 공개(종합)|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|date=28 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228084825/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220228087451504|archivedate=28 February 2022|accessdate=28 February 2022|author=Jung Bit-na}}
  • Haeryong (Sea Dragon) tactical ship-launched land attack missile based on the Haeseong I
  • Ure (KTSSM) tactical surface-to-surface missile system
  • Hyunmoo ballistic missile system

=Missile defense systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02807&siteId=SITE00003|title=Missile Defense Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053922/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02807&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

  • KP-SAM (Chiron) manportable surface-to-air missile system
  • K-SAM (Pegasus) short-range surface-to-air missile system based on Crotale R440 missile system
  • KM-SAM (Cheongung-I) medium-range surface-to-air missile system based on technology from the 9M96 missile used on S-350E and S-400 missile systems
  • KM-SAM Block-II (Cheongung-II) enhanced medium-range surface-to-air missile system
  • K-SAAM (Haegung) short range ship-based surface-to-air missile system
  • L-SAM long-range multi-layered missile defense system

=Ground weapon systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02808&siteId=SITE00003|title=Ground Weapon Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053938/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02808&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

=Maritime and underwater weapon systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02809&siteId=SITE00003|title=Maritime/Underwater Weapon Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053920/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02809&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

=Aircraft and UAV systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02810&siteId=SITE00003|title=Aircraft and UAV Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053929/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02810&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

=Surveillance and reconnaissance systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02811&siteId=SITE00003|title=Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053925/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02811&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

=Command and control and information warfare systems<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02812&siteId=SITE00003|title=Command and Control/Information Warfare Systems|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053933/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02812&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

  • Tactical Information Communications Network (TICN)
  • Joint Tactical Data Link System (JTDLS)
  • Air Defense Command Control and Alert (ADC2A) system
  • Airborne ELINT pod system
  • Tactical communication electronic warfare (EW) system-II (TLQ-200K)
  • Airborne electronic countermeasure (ECM) pod system (ALQ-200)
  • Shipboard electronic warfare system (SLQ-200K)
  • Advanced SIGINT aircraft system

=Space technologies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02813&siteId=SITE00003|title=Space Technologies|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525183217/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02813&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=25 May 2022|accessdate=25 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

  • Reconnaissance space-based surveillance and reconnaissance system
  • Small satellite system
  • Military satellite communication system-I
  • Military satellite communication system-II

=Core technologies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02814&siteId=SITE00003|title=Core Technologies|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053928/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02814&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

=Future technologies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02815&siteId=SITE00003|title=Future Technologies|publisher=Agency for Defense Development|date=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053935/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02815&siteId=SITE00003|archivedate=26 May 2022|accessdate=26 May 2022|author=}}</ref>=

See also

{{Portal|Spaceflight}}

References

{{reflist}}

  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Missile Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02806&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525183124/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02806&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=25 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Missile Defense Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02807&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053922/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02807&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Ground Weapon Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02808&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053938/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02808&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Maritime/Underwater Weapon Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02809&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053920/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02809&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Aircraft and UAV Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02810&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053929/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02810&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02811&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053925/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02811&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Command and Control/Information Warfare Systems |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02812&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053933/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02812&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Space Technologies |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02813&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525183217/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02813&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=25 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Core Technologies |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02814&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053928/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02814&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}
  • {{cite web |author= |date= |title=Future Technologies |url=https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02815&siteId=SITE00003 |publisher=Agency for Defense Development |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526053935/https://www.add.re.kr/board?menuId=MENU02815&siteId=SITE00003 |archivedate=26 May 2022 |accessdate= |url-status=dead }}