1789 in Canada
{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2017}}
{{Year in Canada|1789}}
{{History of Canada}}
Events from the year 1789 in Canada.
Incumbents
=Governors=
Events
- 1789–93 – Alexander Mackenzie of Canada, seeking northern river route to the Pacific, travels to the Arctic Ocean; on second journey he crosses continent by land, making contact with many tribes.Gutman, Judith Mara. Through Indian Eyes. New York: Oxford UP, 1982. Print.
- Alexander Mackenzie journeys to the Beaufort Sea, following what would later be named the Mackenzie River.Belton, Robert James. Sights of Resistance: Approaches to Canadian Visual Culture. Calgary: U of Calgary, 2001. Print.
- David Thompson learns surveying from Philip Turnor.Glover, Richard (ed.), David Thompson's Narrative, 1784–1812. Champlain Society : Toronto, 1962.
- Lord Grenville proposes that lands in Upper Canada be held in free and common soccage, and that the tenure of Lower Canadian lands be optional with the inhabitants.Terrill, Frederick William. A Chronology of Montreal and of Canada from A.D. 1752 to A.D. 1893 ...Salt Lake City, UT: Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah, 1988. Print.
Births
- November 13 – Denis-Benjamin Papineau, joint premier of the Province of Canada (died 1854)
Deaths
{{Empty section|date=December 2010}}
Historical documents
Wilberforce on slave trade's effects in Africa and on Middle Passage with its 12.5% death rate, plus 4.5% rate from Caribbean seasoning"Parliamentary Register; House of Commons; Tuesday, May 12," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 39 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890817&printsec=frontpage August 17, 1789]), Page 7 of 8. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890907&printsec=frontpage&hl=en comments of MPs] (Pages 3 of 8 and 5 of 8) following Wilberforce testimony; and also various reasons to support [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267257 "Slave Trade"] (pg. 1) made in London meeting) Accessed 20 June 2023
Lord High Chancellor tells Secretary of State that colonies should get civil liberty without political liberty, which leads to independenceE.A. Cruikshank (ed.), "From Lord Thurlow to W.W. Grenville" (September 1-10, 1789), [https://ia800307.us.archive.org/30/items/correspondenceof01simc/correspondenceof01simc.pdf The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, with Allied Documents(...); Volume I, 1789-1793] (1923), pg. 5. (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/correspondenceof01simc/page/n5/mode/2up) Accessed 29 June 2023
Pre-industrial status of U.S.A. makes it dependent on British goods; such status will continue while so many seek agricultural work and wealth"Quebec, September 3," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267273 Nomb. 1256] (September 3, 1789), pg. 2. Accessed 28 June 2023
Letter-to-the-editor points out suffering of poor people when they can't afford price of flour in Montreal and upper Canada"Montreal, Dec. 21, 1789; To the Gentlemen who form the Montreal Committee," (Quebec) Herald, Miscellany & Advertiser, Vol. I, No. 6 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17891228&printsec=frontpage December 28, 1789]), Pages 6 of 8 and 1 of 8. Accessed 22 June 2023
Bibliographer concludes state of literature and sale of books are very low in Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
L.T. Rede, "An Introductory Discourse on the State of Literature in North and South America," [https://ia601606.us.archive.org/24/items/cihm_39988/cihm_39988.pdf Bibliotheca Americana(....)] (1789), pgs. 20-1. (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_39988) Accessed 27 June 2023
=Lower Canada=
Profile of Quebec's constitution, population, laws, "circulating property," land tenure, agriculture, science, commerce and import/export"From the London Evening-Post; A Brief state of the Province of Quebec[....]," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 10 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890126&printsec=frontpage January 26, 1789]), Page 3 of 12. Accessed 16 June 2023
Lengthy petition to Gov. Gen. Lord Dorchester with scores of signatures calls for preservation of Quebec Act and Canadian laws"To His Excellency the Right Honourable Guy Lord Dorchester" (December 31, 1788), (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 9 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890119&printsec=frontpage January 19, 1789]), pgs. 78-82 (Note: pages are out of order). Accessed 16 June 2023
Council suggests setting up free school in each parish (teaching "reading, writing, and cyphering"), county schools and "a collegiate institution""Report of a Committee of the Council on the Subject of Promoting The Means of Education" (November 26, 1789; in English and French), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.20729/56 pgs. 25-6] (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267232 Quebec Gazette ad] (pg. 3) of teacher offering free tuition because of "Hardness of the Times at present") Accessed 26 June 2023
Provision made for four remaining Jesuits in Canada and transfer of Jesuit property to Canadian citizens (Note: "savages" used)"Letter of Reverend Father de Glapion to Monsieur Louis Germain (Langlois), fils" (December 31, 1789), [http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_71.html The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents; Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France; 1610-1791; Vol. LXXI] (1901), pgs. 99-107. Accessed 29 June 2023
Warning against "False Copper Coin;" supply entering province in tubs of butter with false bottoms; refuse any copper coin over 1 shilling"Quebec, February 19; Beware of Counterfeit Money!," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267230 Nomb. 1227] (February 19, 1789), pg. 3. Accessed 28 June 2023
"Mercatorius Honestus" lays out business rules under which "Trade will flourish[...], Bankruptcy [and] Confusion will cease, and honesty [return]""Advertisement Extraordinary" (October 1, 1789), The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267279 Nomb. 1262] (October 8, 1789), pg. 3. Accessed 28 June 2023
Government circulates plan for new agricultural society to raise grain quality and prevent "scarcity[...]this country unfortunately feels at present""(Circular) To the Curates of the Country Parishes[....]" (March 1789), Papers and Letters on Agriculture[....] (1790; in English and French), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.27896/19 pg. 2] (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267240 resolves] of Quebec branch of society (pg. 3), including electing equal number of "English" and "Canadian" directors) Accessed 27 June 2023
New bridge over Saint-Charles River is 700 ft. long, has two lanes plus walkways, and will begin replacement of Canada's inconvenient ferries"Quebec, September 24," The Quebec Gazette, [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267276 Nomb. 1259] (September 24, 1789), pg. 3. Accessed 28 June 2023
Bishop of Nova Scotia's sermon in Trois-Rivières attended by Protestants, Catholics and Jews; 100 loaves of bread distributed to poor"Three Rivers, July 2," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 31 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890706&printsec=frontpage July 6, 1789]), Page 3 of 8. (See also his [https://digitalarchive.tpl.ca/objects/341468/a-charge-delivered-to-the-clergy-of-the-province-of-quebec-a charge] to Lower Canada's Anglican clergy) Accessed 20 June 2023
For sale: "Pawney Boy," about 17, "an excellent servant to attend table;" 9 years with current owner, who "has now no further use for him""Quebec, Feb. 1, 1789; To Be Sold[....]," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 12 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890209&printsec=frontpage February 9, 1789]), Page 4 of 8. Accessed 16 June 2023
"For Sale, a Stout, Healthy Mulatto Girl, 26 years of age, or thereabouts""Quebec, May 25th, 1789; For Sale[....]," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 28 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890601&printsec=frontpage June 1, 1789]), Page 5 of 8. Accessed 20 June 2023
"Quebec plan" to transport Newgate convicts to Canada instead of Botany Bay follows unspecified "unhappy fate" of transported Irish"The new destination of the convicts in Newgate[....]," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890127&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1190 (January 27, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, right column). Accessed 13 June 2023 (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267231 Quebec Gazette (February 26, pg. 3] note that 400 Woolwich convicts going to Canada and Nova Scotia)
Masons (in Quebec City?) to have 450 loaves of bread distributed, "considering the distressed situation of the poor in the present scarcity of flour""The fraternity of Free-Masons[....]," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 31 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890622&printsec=frontpage June 22, 1789]), Page 6 of 9 (centre column). Accessed 20 June 2023 (See also word that British government is sending [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267277 "a large additional supply of Wheat, Flour and Pease for the relief of the Inhabitants"] (pg. 4))
Quebec City dance to be held "once a fortnight during the Season;" gentlemen are asked to retire after 2 dances to allow newcomer men to dance"Quebec Assembly," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 7 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890105&printsec=frontpage January 5, 1789]), Page 2 of 8. Accessed 16 June 2023
Pianofortes for sale, plus strings and music (Haydn, Bach, Clementi and others) for that instrument and harpsichord, guitar and violin; lessons too"Quebec, June 12, 1789; For Sale, By Francis Vogeler[....]," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 31 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890622&printsec=frontpage June 22, 1789]), Page 9 of 9. Accessed 20 June 2023
=Upper Canada=
Secretary of State tells Gov. Gen. Lord Dorchester that expenditures of Indian Department are too high and "abuses" by staff need investigation"From W.W. Grenville to Lord Dorchester" (October 20, 1789), [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/45 Records of Niagara; 1784-9] PDF pgs. 74-5. Accessed 29 June 2023
Dorchester seeks "comfort of the Indians" in ending disputes among Six Nations leaders and evicting whites at Grand River"From Lord Dorchester to Sir John Johnson" (June 2, 1789), [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/45 Records of Niagara; 1784-9] PDF pgs. 67-8. Accessed 29 June 2023
Council committee has ways to regularize shipping on Great Lakes "to establish the Empire of the British Flag upon the Fresh water Oceans""First Report of the Committee of the Executive Council[...]on I[n]land Navigation" (January 19, 1789), [https://www.notlmuseum.ca/research/download/81/3/45 Records of Niagara; 1784-9] PDF pgs. 50-55. Accessed 29 June 2023
=Nova Scotia=
Provincial agriculture society to be set up especially to support knowledge of land improvement, cultivation, seeds, orchards and cattle"Halifax, Nov. 3; Plan of a Society for promoting Agriculture[....]," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17891103&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 32 (November 3, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left column). Accessed 15 June 2023 (See also [https://archives.acadiau.ca/islandora/object/research%3A474 articles of association] of Kings County Agricultural Society)
Students in both Latin and English divisions do well in examinations at King's Collegiate School (referred to as "academy" and "seminary")"Halifax, February 10," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890210&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1192 (February 10, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left column). Accessed 13 June 2023
King's College of Nova Scotia to be founded and maintained by province with annual subsidy plus fund to purchase house or grounds in Windsor[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-founding-establishing-and-maintaining-college-province "An Act, for founding, establishing and maintaining a College in this Province"] (1789), 29 George III, Chapter 4, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 12 June 2023
"Wants a place, a Negro Woman, who can cook and do all kinds of Household Work, and be well recommended for Honesty and Sobriety""Wants a Place[....]" (March 23, 1789), [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890324&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1198 (March 24, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, right column). Accessed 13 June 2023
Halifax man seeks missing Black apprentice Hannah Thompson, who "chews Tobacco like a Man" and has legs "very much scalded" years ago"Run Away[....]" (December 30, 1788) [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890120&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1189 (January 20, 1789), Page 1 of 2 (lefthand page, left column). Accessed 13 June 2023
Falmouth man seeks "Negro Woman Slave, named Philis, but calls herself Betty," age 37, and Irish servant John McNeal; reward of $8 for each"Run away from the Subscriber[....]" (June 18, 1789), [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890602&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 14 (June 30, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, right column). Accessed 14 June 2023
Overseers of the Poor call for contractors to supply Halifax Poor House with 50 cords of wood and "Fresh Beef, soft Bread, and single Spruce Beer""Bread, Beef, Spruce Beer and Cord Wood," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890113&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1188 (January 13, 1789), Page 3 of 3 (righthand page, right column). (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890324&printsec=frontpage notice] (Page 2 of 2, righthand page, centre column) of mandatory meeting to vote funds to support Halifax poor) Accessed 13 June 2023
Churchwardens thank "the Managers of the Navy and Army Theatre" for £20 donated for "the distressed and indigent at this inclement Season""The Wardens of St. Paul's Church[....]" (January 13, 1789), [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890120&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1189 (January 20, 1789), Page 3 of 3 (righthand page, centre column). Accessed 13 June 2023
Digby minister: "[T]he greater part of people seem to consider attendance on divine worship[...]as left intirely to their own choice and humour"Roger Viets, [https://ia600304.us.archive.org/27/items/cihm_64830/cihm_64830.pdf "A Sermon on the Duty of attending the Public Worship of God"] (delivered April 19, 1789), pg. 5. (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_64830/page/n1/mode/2up) Accessed 27 June 2023
Halifax druggist has "a General fresh assortment of Medicines [including] Camphire and Saffron; Sago Powder [and] Essence of Peppermint""Philipps, Drugist," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890602&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 10 (June 2, 1789), Page 1 of 2 (front page). Accessed 14 June 2023
=New Brunswick=
Courts may, instead of burning convicted felon "in the brawn of the left thumb," impose fine or whipping, plus imprisonment[https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-relating-punishment-persons-convicted-felony-within-benefit-clergy "An Act relating to the punishment of persons convicted of Felony within the Benefit of Clergy"] (1789), 29 George III, Chapter 7, British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 12 June 2023
U.S. cornmeal is being imported because their wheat gets subsidy in France; N.B. mills at standstill though they lower price of meal about one third[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=6965&level=3 "Letter from Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow"] (April 29, 1789), University of New Brunswick. Accessed 27 June 2023
Praise for production of two comedies "by a company of Gentlemen[...]with great life and humour" in province's "first dramatic exhibition""From a Correspondent," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=QhmGFXoqNHAC&dat=17890320&printsec=frontpage The Saint John Gazette, and the Weekly Advertiser] Vol. III, Numb. 149 (March 20, 1789), Page 7 of 18 (righthand page, left column). Accessed 12 June 2023
Winter amusement in Fredericton includes sleighing, dancing, rope dancers and man "dancing on a wire"Letter of Sarah Winslow (January 10, 1789; "modernized rendition"), Loyalist Women in New Brunswick, 1783-1827. Accessed 27 June 2023
=Prince Edward Island=
Proprietors seek exemption from British law to allow them to bring settlers from U.S.A. to make Island "of that Importance of which it is capable"[https://ia600608.us.archive.org/4/items/cihm_49929/cihm_49929.pdf "Petition of the Proprietors of Land in the Island of Saint John(...); 1789"] (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_49929) Accessed 27 June 2023
Bishop of Nova Scotia surprised Charlottetown vestry has not built church; they "lament" not attending to "regular exercise of religious duties""Charlotte-Town, May 25," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890714&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 16 (July 14, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left column). Accessed 14 June 2023
=Pacific Coast=
Suggestion (following Pacific coast exploration summary) that Hudson's Bay Company fur be shipped to Asia by East India Co. (Note: "savages" used)Alexander Dalrymple, [https://ia600201.us.archive.org/3/items/cihm_27753/cihm_27753.pdf "Plan for Promoting the Fur-Trade(...)by Uniting the Operations of the East-India and Hudson's-Bay Companys] (1789), pgs. 25-32. (Base URL: https://archive.org/details/cihm_27753) Accessed 27 June 2023
John Meares relates capture of his trading company's crew and ship by Spanish navy in Nootka SoundJohn Meares, "Appendix; No I; Copy of the Memorial," Voyages Made in the Years 1788 and 1789[...] (1790), [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.36543/687 Images 687-9] (See also [https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.18553/4 "a faithful abstract"] of Meares' memorial) Accessed 26 June 2023
=French Revolution=
In Paris, "the murmurings and discontents of the people increase daily [and] divisions [grow] more alarming and violent""London, December 6; A letter from Paris[....]," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890317&printsec=frontpage The Nova-Scotia Gazette, and the Weekly Chronicle] Vol. XIX, No. 1197 (March 17, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, right column bottom). Accessed 13 June 2023
Towns tell deputies sent to Estates-General in Paris to propose various principles, "and it appears[...]English Constitution is taken as a basis""Parisian Topics, April 12," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 32 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890713&printsec=frontpage July 13, 1789]), Page 7 of 10. Accessed 20 June 2023
"Here [in Paris] it is astonishing to see the fermentation which reigns among the minds of people of all ranks, professions, and denominations""London, May 12; Extract of a letter from Paris, April 27," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890721&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 17 (July 21, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, centre column). Accessed 14 June 2023
"In the national assembly, the debates continue to be carried on with increasing violence, and bid defiance to monarchy""London, July 10; Paris, July 1," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 27 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890914&printsec=frontpage September 14, 1789]), Page 1 of 8. Accessed 21 June 2023
"A National Revolution" - Bastille taken, its governor executed, Queen in flight, King detained, British ambassador threatened, etc.
"(Other Accounts from Paris[....])," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890922&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 26 (September 22, 1789), Page 1 of 2 (front page). (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17891005&printsec=frontpage detailed reports] (Pages 6 of 8 and 3 of 8) of events) Accessed 15 June 2023 (See further coverage in Quebec Gazette of [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267277 October 1])
Drafting declaration of rights presented to National Assembly was difficult, given how "vicious" previous French government was"National Assembly; Paris, Monday, Aug. 17; Declaration of Rights," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17891027&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 31 (October 27, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (lefthand page, centre column). Accessed 15 June 2023 (See also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267248 Duke of Orleans's resolves] (pg. 1) published in March and consisting of several human rights, and also [https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4267263 similar list of rights] (pg. 1) from citizen assembly in Paris)
"Wonderful" revolution is talk of Europe and influencing affairs in neighbouring countries; Britain "is minding her own business"[https://web.lib.unb.ca/winslow/fullrecord.cgi?id=972&level=2 "Letter from Benjamin Marston to Edward Winslow"] (November 21, 1789), pgs. 6-8, University of New Brunswick. Accessed 27 June 2023
Edmund Burke hears "there are considerable emigrations from France," even to "the frozen regions, and under the British despotism, of Canada"
Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France[....] (1790), [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eccodemo/k043880.0001.001/200?view=image pg. 197] Accessed 23 June 2023
=Elsewhere=
Notice: 2,500+ "chaldrons" of coal for sale at Spanish River, Cape Breton, with payment taken in flour, bread, pork, rum, molasses, sugar etc."Public Notice" (May 18, 1789), [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=YFjsv_pBGBYC&dat=17890616&printsec=frontpage The Royal Gazette: and the Nova-Scotia Advertiser] Vol. I, No. 10 (June 16, 1789), Page 2 of 2 (righthand page, left column). Accessed 14 June 2023
Hudson's Bay Company's monopoly rights are "silent usurpations [that bring] discredit upon an enlightened age and nation""Extract of a letter from a gentleman in England to his friend in Quebec," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 33 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890720&printsec=frontpage July 20, 1789]), Page 7 of 8. (See also [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890727&printsec=frontpage&hl=en continuation of letter] (Page 3 of 8) advocating transcontinental link to Chinese market) Accessed 20 June 2023
Description of waterways between Lake Superior and Great Slave Lake also assumes latter connects with Pacific by mistaken "Cook's River"[https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.41457/5 "Description of the Country from Lake Superior to Cook's River"] (November 7,1789). Accessed 26 June 2023
Travelling down Dehcho (later Mackenzie River), Alexander Mackenzie befriends Dene (Slavey and Dogrib) who at first are terrifiedAlexander Mackenzie, Voyages from Montreal[...]to the Frozen and Pacific Oceans, in the years 1789 and 1793, pgs. [http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/55/185.html 32-3] (See also [https://www.flickr.com/photos/manitobamaps/3365317447/ "Map of the North Part of America (with) Mackenzies Track from Montreal to the North Sea"]) Accessed 28 June 2023
U.S. House hears duty on molasses will harm New England fishers, fishery and shipbuilding, and that some may move to Nova Scotia"New-York; Proceedings of Congress; In the House of Representatives[...]28th April, 1789," [https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/data/batches/dlc_himalayan_ver02/data/sn83030483/print/1789050201/0002.pdf "Mr. Gerry"] Gazette of the United States, No. VI (May 2, 1789), pg. 22. (Base URL:https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030483/1789-05-02/ed-1/seq-2/) Accessed 22 June 2023
"Gentleman [reports] that last month, at New-York, General Washington was proclaimed and crowned George I, King of America""Extract of a letter from Montreal, May 18, 1789," (Quebec) Herald and Universal Miscellany, Vol. I, No. 27 ([https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=Usae8uB1euoC&dat=17890525&printsec=frontpage May 25, 1789]), Page 8 of 8. Accessed 19 June 2023
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Canadian history}}
{{BNA year nav}}
{{North America topic|1789 in}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:1789 In Canada}}
Category:1789 in North America