1795 in science

• December 13 – A meteorite falls to Earth at Wold Newton, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, the first to be recognised in modern times.

• National Botanic Gardens (Ireland) opened by the Royal Dublin Society.

• The 18-year-old Carl Friedrich Gauss develops the basis for the method of least squares analysis.Not published until 1809.

• The British Royal Navy makes the use of lemon juice mandatory to prevent scurvy, largely due to the influence of Gilbert Blane.{{cite book|first=Stephen R.|last=Bown|title=Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail|publisher=Penguin Books Australia|year=2003|page=222}}

• April 7 – The gram is decreed in France to be equal to "the absolute weight of a volume of water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of the metre, at the temperature of melting ice."{{cite web|url=http://smdsi.quartier-rural.org/histoire/18germ_3.htm|title=Decree on weights and measures|year=1795|quote=Gramme, le poids absolu d'un volume d'eau pure égal au cube de la centième partie du mètre , et à la température de la glace fondante| accessdate=2 October 2008 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924152410/http://smdsi.quartier-rural.org/histoire/18germ_3.htm| archivedate= 24 September 2008 }}

• Georges Cuvier identifies the fossilised bones of a huge animal found in the Netherlands in 1770 as belonging to an extinct reptile.

• August 24 – Rev. Samuel Henshall is granted an English patent for a corkscrew.{{cite web|url=http://www.bullworks.net/daily/20090824.htm|title=Samuel Henshall (1765–1807)|website=bullworks.net|accessdate=2021-06-22}}{{cite web|url=https://www.corkscrewsonline.com/corkscrew_guide_henshall.html|title=Antique & Vintage Corkscrew Guide ~ Direct pull corkscrews with Henshall buttons|website=corkscrewsonline.com|accessdate=2021-06-22}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2000/apr/01/features.jobsmoney4|title=Drink a toast to the worm that turned|first=Steward|last=Dalby|date=2000-04-01|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|accessdate=2021-06-22}}
• November 30 – Joseph Bramah is granted an English patent for hydraulic machinery, notably the hydraulic press.{{cite book|first=Ian|last=McNeill|title=Hydraulic Power|location=London|publisher=Longman|year=1972|isbn=0-582-12797-1}}

• Johann Matthäus Bechstein publishes his treatise on songbirds Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel ("Natural History of Cage Birds") in Gotha.
• Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire publishes "Histoire des Makis, ou singes de Madagascar", introducing his theory of the unity of organic composition.

• Leonhard Euler's Letters to a German Princess, On Different Subjects in Physics and Philosophy are first translated into English by Scottish minister Henry Hunter, targeted at women, whom Hunter felt Euler intended to educate.{{cite DNB|wstitle=Hunter, Henry|last=Goodwin|first=Gordon|volume=28}}{{cite journal|last=Klyve |first=Dominic |title=Euler's Letters to a German Princess:Betrayal and Translation |journal=Opusculum |volume=3 |issue=1 |url=http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/eulersociety/opusculum/Opusculum2011-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022211025/http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/eulersociety/opusculum/Opusculum2011-1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-22 |accessdate=2013-10-21 |date=Spring 2011 }}

• Copley Medal: Jesse Ramsden{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}

• January 6 – Anselme Payen, French chemist (died 1878)
• May 5 – Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave, French dermatologist (died 1877)
• June 24 – Ernst Heinrich Weber, German physician, psychologist (died 1878)
• June 30 – Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, French chemist (died 1877)
• July 5 – Georg Ernst Ludwig Hampe, German pharmacist, botanist and bryologist (died 1880)
• July 10 – Jean-Baptiste Guimet, French industrial chemist (died 1871)
• November 12 – Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (died 1856)
• December 8 – Peter Andreas Hansen, Danish astronomer (died 1874)
• December 21
• Francisco Javier Muñiz, Argentine physician and paleontologist (died 1871)
• Jack Russell, English dog breeder (died 1883)

• January 21 – Samuel Wallis, English navigator (born 1728)
• March 21 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (born 1714)
• May 6 – Pieter Boddaert, Dutch physician and naturalist (born 1730)
• June 1 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (born 1744)
• June 9 – François Chopart, French surgeon (born 1743)
• June 17 – Gilbert Romme, French politician and mathematician (born 1750)
• June 18 – Marie Marguerite Bihéron, French anatomist (born 1719)
• June 24 – William Smellie, Scottish naturalist and encyclopedist (born 1740)
• July 3 – Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish explorer (born 1716)
• August 14 – George Adams, English scientific instrument maker (born 1750)
• October 1 – Robert Bakewell, English agriculturalist and geneticist (born 1725)
• December 28 – Eugenio Espejo, Ecuadorian medical hygienist, lawyer and journalist (born 1747)

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Category:18th century in science

Category:1790s in science